植物多酚氧化酶的生理功能、分离纯化及酶促褐变控制的研究进展

多酚氧化酶是一类能催化多酚类物质氧化的含铜质体的金属酶,在植物、动物、微生物中广泛存在。一方面对植物生理功能有重要作用;另一方面也引起植物,主要是果蔬品质的下降,造成严重经济损失。本文系统总结了多酚氧化酶的生理功能、分离纯化、酶学性质、酶促褐变控制方法等研究进展,以期为多酚氧化酶的基础研究与应用研究提供参考依据。     

花生红衣多酚类物质组成及抑菌活性研究

以花生红衣为原料,采用70%乙醇作溶剂超声辅助提取花生红衣多酚类物质,并进行纯化,研究花生红衣多酚类物质组成及其对食品中常见污染菌的抑菌活性及保鲜性能。结果表明:花生红衣多酚类物质中多酚含量为64.45%,黄酮含量为12.76%,原花青素含量为81.90%,白藜芦醇含量为0.005%。花生红衣多酚类物质对细菌抑菌作用显著,对真菌不显著,且抑菌活性随着质量浓度的增加而增强。     

花生红衣多酚类物质的制备及其抗氧化活性研究进展

花生红衣是花生加工过程中的廉价副产品,含有丰富的酚类物质,具有良好的抗氧化活性。本文在对花生红衣多酚文献分析统计的基础上,综述了花生红衣多酚类物质水提法、有机溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶辅助提取法和闪式提取法等制备方法,有机溶剂萃取法、大孔树脂分离法和膜分离法等分离纯化方法及组分分析方法,抗氧化活性评价方法以及其在食品工业中的应用,并对其研究中的重点和存在的问题进行了总结和展望。     

植物多酚的分离纯化及抗氧化、降脂降糖功能研究

许多天然植物因其重要的生物活性而备受关注,多酚类化合物就是天然植物中一类重要的活性物质,是一种强效的自由基清除剂,一种新型的抗氧化剂,具有预防组织器官老化、改善心血管疾病、降血糖、降血脂功效。因此,高效、低毒性植物多酚在功能食品、现代医药、保健行业中日益得到重视。本研究主要对植物多酚的组成、分离纯化进行阐述,并对其抗氧化、降血脂及降血糖功能作了简要概述。      

生活饮用水对石榴皮多酚提取纯化工艺的影响

目的 考察水质对石榴皮多酚提取纯化工艺的影响。方法 分别用生活饮用水和纯化水对石榴皮粉末进行提取分离纯化,对其流分中的石榴皮多酚类物质进行高效液相法(HPLC)测定。结果 生活饮用水对石榴皮粉末提取纯化得到安石榴苷含量为2.65%;纯化水对石榴皮粉末提取纯化得到安石榴苷含量为78.79%。 结论 生活饮用水对石榴皮多酚提取纯化的影响极大,会加速石榴皮多酚类物质的氧化。     

薏米中多酚化合物的分离纯化及抗氧化活性分析

利用葡聚糖凝胶将薏米中两类多酚类物质进行分离纯化,从而得到6个不同的组分。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定该6个组分总酚含量,采用氧自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)、过氧化氢自由基清除能力(peroxyl radical scavenging capacity,PSC)和细胞内抗氧化能力(cellular antioxidant activity assay,CAA)分析法测定所得6个组分抗氧化能力。在所得的6个组分中选择抗氧化活性最强的3个组分进行半制备,可制得4种薏米多酚纯化物,并测定其4种纯化物的抗氧化活性。结果发现,所分离的6个组分中,薏米中的多酚主要存在于组分2、组分3及组分5中,其总酚含量分别为(30.56±2.25)、(17.40±2.76)、(25.18±1.10)mg GAE/100 g薏米粉末,结合型酚类化合物占薏米总酚含量1/3以上。组分2、组分3及组分5薏米多酚的抗氧化能力较强。经过半制备液相得到的4种多酚纯化物质分别为N_1,N_5-双(对香豆酰)亚精胺、对香豆酸、阿魏酸及芦丁,其中N_1,N_5-双(对香豆酰)亚精胺为游离型多酚的主要物质,而阿魏酸为结合型多酚的主要物质,但在游离型多酚中也有少许存在。4种酚类化合物均具有强抗氧化活性,是薏米中多酚类物质发挥抗氧化作用的主要活性成分。     

大孔吸附树脂在植物多酚分离纯化中的应用现状

本文综述了植物多酚特有的化学结构、生物活性及其分离纯化的常见方法,比较了各种方法的优缺点,结果表明大孔吸附树脂法在分离纯化多酚中具有独特的优势;进而重点阐述了大孔吸附树脂的特性、分离原理、吸附机理和解析作用,以及国内外应用大孔树脂分离纯化多酚方面的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。      

蓝莓叶多酚研究进展及其在食品中的应用

多酚是一种植物次生代谢物,包括花色苷类、黄酮类、黄酮醇类、酚酸等成分,其结构多样,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、预防心血管疾病等多种生物活性。蓝莓,又称越桔,属于杜鹃花科,越橘属植物,常绿或落叶灌木。蓝莓叶全绿或有锯齿,可以药食两用。近年来,蓝莓叶因多酚类物质含量高而倍受关注,蓝莓叶多酚具有多种生理功能逐渐成为天然产物化学研究的热点。本文综述了蓝莓叶多酚的提取技术、分离纯化技术、多酚总量的测定方法、组成分析与结构鉴定、生物活性,开发利用并展望了其发展前景。蓝莓叶多酚是值得研究与开发的天然植物成分。     

果蔬中多酚成分及其分析方法的研究进展

果蔬是膳食的重要组成部分,富含多种多酚功能活性成分。多酚是植物的次级代谢产物,具有多种功效。多酚由于其强抗氧化活性,使其具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗炎的作用。天然来源多酚的开发以及在食品中的应用已经成为研究的热点。多酚种类繁多,分离、鉴定较复杂,研究者为了得到高灵敏度、高选择性多酚分析方法进行了大量研究。本文简述了果蔬中的多酚成分,重点介绍了类黄酮、酚酸和单宁;综述了多酚分析方法最近研究进展,重点是基于色谱方法和分离技术的多酚的提取、分离和鉴定。以期为果蔬多酚在食品中的应用提供参考和思路。      

果蔬中多酚成分及其分析方法的研究进展

果蔬是膳食的重要组成部分,富含多种多酚功能活性成分。多酚是植物的次级代谢产物,具有多种功效。多酚由于其强抗氧化活性,使其具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗炎的作用。天然来源多酚的开发以及在食品中的应用已经成为研究的热点。多酚种类繁多,分离、鉴定较复杂,研究者为了得到高灵敏度、高选择性多酚分析方法进行了大量研究。本文简述了果蔬中的多酚成分,重点介绍了类黄酮、酚酸和单宁;综述了多酚分析方法最近研究进展,重点是基于色谱方法和分离技术的多酚的提取、分离和鉴定。以期为果蔬多酚在食品中的应用提供参考和思路。     

食品中多酚形态的研究进展

近年来,植物多酚因其存在的普遍性、对食品品质形成的重要性以及众多的生理活性,已成为食品科学和营养学研究的一个热点。多酚以游离态和结合态两种形态存在于食品中。大量研究表明,植物多酚对食品品质及健康功能的贡献,不仅取决于其种类和数量,而且取决于其在食品基质中的存在形态。本文在广泛调研文献的基础上,对食品中多酚形态,不同形态多酚的分析方法,常见食品（谷物、水果、蔬菜、可食花卉、其他食品）中游离态多酚与结合态多酚的含量,以及食品加工对多酚形态的影响进行总结,并对食品中多酚形态研究存在的问题及其发展方向进行阐述。     

Chemical,biochemical, and biological significance of polyphenols in cereals and legumes

Polyphenols in cereals and legumes have been receiving considerable attention largely because of their adverse influence on color, flavor, and nutritional quality. These compounds belong to the flavonoid and tannin groups and are mostly located in the seed coat or pericarp of the grains. The pearl millet flavonoids have been identified as C‐glycosylflavones by the combined use of paper chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Although nontoxic, physiological and nutritional significance of these compounds occurring in high amounts in the pearl millet grain are still not clearly understood. In view of aesthetic quality, bleaching of the millet grains in acidic solution is recommended. A large proportion of current assays involves spectrophotometry of tannin or its chromogen and tannin‐protein interaction. Sorghum and legume tannins have been characterized as condensed tannins. Several factors such as plant type, age of the plant or plant parts, stage of development, and environmental conditions govern the polyphenol contents in plants. Polyphenols are known to interact with proteins and form tannin‐protein complexes leading to either inactivation of enzymes or making proteins insoluble. These are implicated in decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, protein and amino acid availabilities, mineral uptake, vitamin metabolism, and depression of growth. Polyphenols are known to cause certain ultrastructural changes in the different parts of experimental animals. A correlation between dietary tannins and occurrence of esophageal cancer has been established. Bird resistance and seed germination in food crops have been correlated to high contents of polyphenols. The antinutritional activity of polyphenols can be reduced by removing polyphenols from the grains by chemical treatments or removing pericarp and testa by pearling. Treatment of alkaline reagents and ammonia can remove 90% of the polyphenols. Supplementation of polyphenols‐rich diet with protein can alleviate the growth‐depressing effect of polyphenols.     

Chemical, biochemical, and biological significance of polyphenols in cereals and legumes

Polyphenols in cereals and legumes have been receiving considerable attention largely because of their adverse influence on color, flavor, and nutritional quality. These compounds belong to the flavonoid and tannin groups and are mostly located in the seed coat or pericarp of the grains. The pearl millet flavonoids have been identified as C-glycosylflavones by the combined use of paper chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Although nontoxic, physiological and nutritional significance of these compounds occurring in high amounts in the pearl millet grain are still not clearly understood. In view of aesthetic quality, bleaching of the millet grains in acidic solution is recommended. A large proportion of current assays involves spectrophotometry of tannin or its chromogen and tannin-protein interaction. Sorghum and legume tannins have been characterized as condensed tannins. Several factors such as plant type, age of the plant or plant parts, stage of development, and environmental conditions govern the polyphenol contents in plants. Polyphenols are known to interact with proteins and form tannin-protein complexes leading to either inactivation of enzymes or making proteins insoluble. These are implicated in decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, protein and amino acid availabilities, mineral uptake, vitamin metabolism, and depression of growth. Polyphenols are known to cause certain ultrastructural changes in the different parts of experimental animals. A correlation between dietary tannins and occurrence of esophageal cancer has been established. Bird resistance and seed germination in food crops have been correlated to high contents of polyphenols. The antinutritional activity of polyphenols can be reduced by removing polyphenols from the grains by chemical treatments or removing pericarp and testa by pearling. Treatment of alkaline reagents and ammonia can remove 90% of the polyphenols. Supplementation of polyphenols-rich diet with protein can alleviate the growth-depressing effect of polyphenols.     

黄酒中多酚类物质检测方法研究进展

多酚类物质是一种重要的功能性成分,以清除自由基等功效而著称,其存在于黄酒之中,加强对黄酒中多酚类物质检测方法的研究对推动黄酒产业的发展意义重大.文章介绍了多酚的结构性质、提取纯化方法,综述了近年来黄酒中多酚类物质检测方法的研究进展,包括紫外分光光度法、荧光检测法、毛细管电泳-电化学方法、高效液相色谱法等,并对检测方法的发展趋势进行了讨论和展望.     

Recent Advances in Research on Polyphenols: Effects on Microbiota,Metabolism, and Health

Polyphenols have attracted huge interest among researchers of various disciplines because of their numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, cancer chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties, and their promising applications in many fields, mainly in the medical, cosmetics, dietary supplement and food industries. In this review, the latest scientific findings in the research on polyphenols interaction with the microbiome and mitochondria, their metabolism and health beneficial effects, their involvement in cognitive diseases and obesity development, as well as some innovations in their analysis, extraction methods, development of cosmetic formulations and functional food are summarized based on the papers presented at the 13th World Congress on Polyphenol Applications. Future implications of polyphenols in disease prevention and their strategic use as prophylactic measures are specifically addressed. Polyphenols may play a key role in our tomorrow´s food and nutrition to prevent many diseases.     

多酚的功能性质及与蛋白质、多糖相互作用研究进展

多酚是具有多种化学结构的多相分子群,具有很强的抗氧化性、抗菌性以及预防慢性疾病的能力,在食品和医疗领域具有广泛的应用价值。多酚由于含有多个酚羟基基团使其化学稳定性差,生物利用度低,在功能性食品中的应用受到了限制。蛋白质、多酚、多糖相互作用所形成的复合结构能够有效地提高食品的感官品质以及各生物大分子的功能特性。本文对多酚的结构与功能之间的关系,多酚与蛋白质、多糖三者相互作用的机理,多酚对二者功能性质及对改善乳化液性质的影响,进行了综述,以期为多酚在食品工业中的应用提供理论参考。     

植物基原料游离多酚的提取与分离纯化方法研究进展

多酚是植物基食品原料中的主要次级代谢产物, 具有多种生物活性与药用价值。植物基原料中的游离多酚结构具有多样性, 稳定性也存在差异, 在提取和分离纯化过程中, 由于技术局限或方法不当, 游离多酚易发生降解, 浸提率低、产品纯度低等问题一直是制约其深度开发与广泛应用的瓶颈。结合现代提取分离技术, 针对植物基原料中酚类物质的差异性, 选择个性化的精准提取方案将是一种有效的解决思路。本文总结了近5年游离多酚的提取和分离纯化方法的研究进展, 概述了植物基原料游离多酚的存在形式, 归纳了溶剂萃取等传统方法和超声波、微波、超临界流体等现代技术辅助提取法, 总结了金属离子沉淀、柱层析、吸附树脂、膜分离技术及高速逆流色谱法在分离纯化过程中的应用, 旨在为植物基原料中游离多酚的精准提取及活性物质的个性化开发和高值化应用提供参考。