Improvement of stretch formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet by high temperature rolling at finishing pass

The effects of increasing rolling temperature from 723 K to 828 K at the last rolling pass on microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and stretch formability of a Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy previously rolled at 723 K were investigated. In the as-rolled condition, the basal texture strengthens slightly with increasing the rolling temperature whereas it weakens more remarkably after static recrystallization during annealing for the sheets rolled at higher temperatures. Only by increasing the rolling temperature from 723 K to 798 K, the Erichsen value is significantly increased from 4.5 to 8.6 due to the weakened texture for the annealed sheets. Further increasing the last rolling temperature does not appear to further improve the stretch formability.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

Investigation of Dynamic and Static Recrystallization Behavior During Thermomechanical Processing in a API-X70 Microalloyed Steel

Recovery and recrystallization phenomena and effects of microalloying elements on these phenomena are of great importance in designing thermomechanical processes of microalloyed steels. Control of these phenomena can lead to manufacturing of products with suitable structures and desirable properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the microstructural evolution occurring during thermomechanical processing through hot compression testing. The niobium carbonitride approximate solution temperature was initially determined to guess the optimum reheating temperature. Then continuous and interrupted compression tests were utilized to physically model the dynamic and static recrystallization (SRX) behavior of the steel during thermomechanical processing. The parameters of the flow stress model and the activation energy of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) were calculated and the effects of deformation conditions on peak strain of DRX were evaluated. In addition, a kinetic study of the static softening of austenite indicated that the plateau occurred in recrystallization fraction-time curves below 1025 °C. This was considered in determining the Static Recrystallization Critical Temperature (SRCT) and construction of the Recrystallization Retardation-Temperature Time (RRTT) diagram for this steel.     

热轧带钢奥氏体静态再结晶模型的研究

针对不同热轧工艺条件下发生的奥氏体再结晶现象进行模拟计算 ,建立了奥氏体静态再结晶的计算机模型。分析并阐述了有关热轧参数与奥氏体再结晶分数之间的关系。结果表明 :采用后插法来测定静态再结晶分数能够比较准确的反映实际情况 ;作者所建奥氏体再结晶模型和实验结果比较吻合。     

热轧和冷轧工艺对MGH754合金板材组织及性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对热轧和冷轧后的MGH754合金板材的显微组织和断口形貌进行了分析,研究了冷轧与热轧工艺对其组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,MGH754合金热轧板材的终态组织是发生了二次再结晶的粗晶组织,而冷轧板材只发生了一次再结晶。热轧板材的高温抗拉强度要优于冷轧板材,但其高温伸长率却低于冷轧板材。     

热轧带钢奥氏体再结晶的预测模型

以物理冶金学理论为基础并参照实验室的实验结果．建立起适合不同热轧工艺条件下发生的奥氏体静态再结晶现象的计算机模型，通过对实测结果与预测结果的对比分析可知：采用后插法来测定静态再结晶分数能够比较准确地反映实际情况；所建奥氏体再结晶模型和实验结果比较吻合。     

富铜相对Fe-3%Si-Cu合金再结晶行为的影响

以2块热轧Fe-3%Si-Cu合金板为研究对象,分别过时效处理和固溶处理后多道次冷轧再进行500~800 ℃再结晶退火处理,分析了合金再结晶退火后的显微组织及不同再结晶退火工艺下合金的硬度变化,从而研究了冷轧Fe-3%Si-Cu合金的再结晶行为。结果表明,热轧试样经650 ℃过时效处理后有椭球形或棒状的面心立方ε-Cu相析出,棒状富铜相的尺寸较大,其长轴≥100 nm。不同工艺热处理的试样经冷轧后均表现出随退火温度的升高,完全再结晶时间缩短,且由于富铜相的析出,经固溶处理后的试样退火后其再结晶时间明显比过时效处理后试样的短。当再结晶退火温度为500 ℃时,冷轧前进行了固溶处理的试样出现了回复引起的软化不足以抵消析出造成的硬化的现象,在10⁴ s时硬度曲线上出现明显的时效硬化峰;在600 ℃以上退火时,则表现出再结晶占优势的退火特征,硬度曲线没有明显的时效硬化峰。     

轧制工艺对AZ31B镁合金薄板组织与性能的影响

研究了轧制温度和轧制速度对AZ31B镁合金薄板微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧辊加热有利于镁合金薄板成型;AZ31B镁合金在低温或低速轧制时薄板纵向组织为大量的切变带,切变带区域包含大量孪晶组织,横向组织为含极少量孪晶的等轴晶组织;在轧制温度为400℃和轧制速度为16m/min轧制时,由于动态再结晶,横纵截面组织均为等轴晶。AZ31镁合金薄板的最佳轧制制度为轧辊温度为70℃、轧制温度为400℃、轧制速度为6m/min,此工艺轧制的薄板横向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为350MPa、300MPa和12%,纵向为345MPa、290MPa和11.2%,纵向与横向性能差别明显减小。     

GH4169合金楔横轧微观组织演变及动态再结晶机制

采用金相显微镜和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术分析了楔横轧制备的GH4169合金轧件的微观组织演变和动态再结晶机制;利用数值分析方法获得了楔横轧过程中等效应变、应变速率和温度的相互关系和变化规律,并探讨对楔横轧GH4169合金动态再结晶的影响。结果表明,楔横轧的变形特点是导致GH4169合金组织均匀和动态再结晶机制不同的主要原因,较大的断面收缩率有利于组织均匀化;轧件表面以非连续动态再结晶机制为主,而心部以连续动态再结晶机制为主。     

热轧组织对冷轧无取向硅钢退火织构及组织的影响

对不同加热温度处理的热轧低硅钢带进行了冷轧及退火实验,分析了热轧钢带的组织对冷轧无取向硅钢再结晶退火过程中的组织及织构的影响。结果表明:热轧组织对冷轧无取向电工钢冷轧板再结晶组织及织构演变有重要影响;等轴晶粒组织的热轧钢带比混晶组织的热轧钢带冷轧后再结晶退火快,且退火后晶粒尺寸均匀;随着等轴晶粒尺寸增加,冷轧退火后形成的冷轧硅钢{110}类型的织构增强,{100}类型的织构减弱;表明热轧组织为等轴晶粒时,不利于冷轧无取向硅钢磁性能的改善。     

Recrystallization and Precipitation Behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Recrystallization and precipitation behaviors after cold rolling and aging are investigated for Cu-0.7Cr-0.13Zr alloy. The processed alloy was characterized using the measurement of Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The resultant complex microstructures are interpreted in terms of the interactions between precipitation and recrystallization. Upon aging at 500 °C for 1 h, the 45% rolled alloy exhibits a retarded recrystallization process and therefore an efficient hardening response, which are attributed to the pinning effect of fine dispersed precipitates on the dislocation. When heavily deformed and aged at high temperature, the alloy shows an accelerated process of recrystallization, and precipitates are found to coarsen.     

Texture and mechanical properties of Al-0.5Mg-1.0Si-0.5Cu alloy sheets manufactured via a cross rolling method

The relationship between the texture and mechanical properties of 6xxx aluminum alloy sheets processed via cross rolling was investigated. The microstructures of the conventional rolled and cross rolled sheets after annealing were analyzed using optical micrographs (OM). The texture distribution across the thickness in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, conventional rolled sheets, and cross rolled sheets both before and after annealing was investigated via X-ray texture measurements. The texture was analyzed in three layers from the surface to the center of the sheet. The β-fiber texture of the conventional rolled sheet was typical of the texture obtained using aluminumoll ring. After annealing, the typical β-fiber orientations were changed to recrystallization textures: cube{001}〈100〉 and normal direction (ND)-rotated cubes. However, the texture of the cross rolled sheet was composed of an asymmetrical, rolling direction (RD)-rotated cubes. After annealing, the asymmetrical orientations in the cross rolled sheet were changed to a randomized texture. The average R-value of the annealed cross rolled sheets was higher than that of the conventional rolled sheets. The limit dome height (LDH) test results demonstrated that cross rolling is effective in improving the formability of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy sheets.     

Effects of grain refinement on mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 alloy

Cerium was added in AZ31 alloy with the contents of 0.4%,0.8%and 1.2%respectively to produce experimental alloys. The grain refinement of Ce in the as-cast and rolled AZ31 alloy were studied by using Polyvar-MET optical microscope with a VSM2000 quantitative analysis system,KYKY2000 SEM and Tecnai G~2 20 TEM.And the mechanical properties of AZ31+Ce alloy were tested on a CSS-44100 testing system with computerized data acquisition.The results show that the cerium has a good grain refinement effect on the ...     

轧制温度对AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的{1011}-{1012}双孪生行为的影响

在150-350℃温区内不同温度下轧制AZ31镁合金板,观察了不同温度下轧制变形量为9%的AZ31镁合金板材的显微组织,研究分析了轧制温度对轧制板材中{1011}-{1012}双孪晶的含量、类型以及高温轧制过程中双孪晶中的动态再结晶行为的影响,讨论了板材中的孪晶对其力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在150-300℃温区内轧制时,板材组织中均有含量不等的{1011}-{1012}双孪晶,随着轧制温度的升高,孪晶含量下降.250℃以上轧制的板材中单片一次孪晶中出现的双孪晶类型较为单一,仅出现共面型双孪晶.在250℃以上轧制板材中的双孪晶晶界处中可以观察到明显的动态再结晶现象,这些动态再结晶晶粒对孪晶界和孪晶起到消除和吞噬的作用.350℃下轧制的AZ31镁合金板材中未观察到{1011}-{1012}双孪晶.随着轧制温度的升高,镁合金轧制板材的强度减弱而塑性增强.     

基于双辊铸轧的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金冷轧后的再结晶行为

将双辊铸轧运用于制造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金带材。研究带材减薄率及热处理温度对合金再结晶行为的影响。结果表明：在冷轧率为60％、热处理制度为500℃的条件下处理1h时,合金带材具有细晶组织（平均晶粒尺寸约为13μm,晶粒纵横比约为1．7）和高的力学性能（UTS≥360MPa,δ≥20％）。研究了微观组织对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金带材力学性能的影响。合适的双棍铸轧热处理及加工工艺能制造低价、高强的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金带材。     

Influence of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and properties of a Cu-Cr-P Alloy

The microstructure and properties of a Cu-0.55 wt. % Cr-0.07 wt. % P alloy were studied by using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the measurements of Vickers hardness and electrical conductivity after it was subjected to conventional aging and two thermomechanical treatments. The hardness increment resulting from the thermomechanical treatments was 50% higher than the increment produced by conventional aging. The thermomechanical procedure, including two aging steps (double aging), produced a 5% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) higher increase in conductivity than the procedure including a single aging step. However, the former procedure did not lead to more efficient hardening in the studied alloy than the latter procedure because during the second aging step extensive recovery or even the onset of recrystallization tended to suppress precipitation hardening to some extent. After being subjected to a thermomechanical treatment that included three cold-drawing steps and one aging step, the studied alloy showed a tensile strength of 550 MPa with a conductivity of 74% IACS. Based on the obtained results as well as on the comparison with other Cu-Cr type alloys, some suggestions were given for improving the thermomechanical processing route of the studied alloy.     

热轧变形对AZ40Mg合金晶粒细化与力学性能的影响(英文)

以热挤压材为坯料,经多道次热轧制备AZ40Mg合金板材。研究热轧变形对合金组织、力学性能与断裂行为的影响。结果表明:随着热轧道次的增加,通过动态再结晶,材料的组织均匀性得到逐步改善,晶粒尺寸持续细化。相应地,热轧板材的力学性能与挤压态坯料相比得到显著改善。经过5道次以上热轧制备的AZ40Mg合金板材,其平均晶粒尺寸细化到10μm以下,轧向及横向的室温拉伸屈服强度与伸长率均可分别达到175MPa和20%以上。     

Through-process simulation of texture and properties during the thermomechanical processing of aluminium sheets

Computer-based alloy and process development requires the integration of models for simulating the evolution of microstructure, microchemistry and crystallographic texture into process models of the thermomechanical production of Al sheet. In this paper, a softening model simulating the progress of recovery and recrystallization and the following texture changes is linked to deformation and microchemistry models. The possibility of such coupled simulations is illustrated by way of the thermomechanical processing of Al–Mn–Mg AA 3104 can stock. In particular, the impact of inter-stand recrystallization between the tandem hot rolling passes as well as recrystallization during coil cooling (“self-annealing”) on the resulting hot strip and final gauge textures are explored. Finally, the predicted textures are input into a polycrystal–plasticity model to simulate anisotropic properties (earing behaviour) of the sheets. Thus, it is possible to link the materials properties at final gauge to the decisive steps of deformation and recrystallization along the thermomechanical process chain.     

Static softening behaviors of 7055 alloy during the interval time of multi-pass hot compression

Multipass plain strain compression test of 7055 alloy was carried out on Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator to study the effect of interval time on static softening behavior between two passes. Microstructural features of the alloy deformed with delay times varying from 0 to 180 s after achieving a reduction of ～52 % in the 13 stages was investigated through TEM and EBSD observations. The 14th pass of peak stresses after different delay times were gained. The peak stress decreases with the interstage delay time increasing, but the decreasing trend is gradually slower. Static recovery, metadynamic recrystallization, and/or static recrystallization can be found in the alloy during two passes. The recovery and recrystallization degree increases with longer interstage delay time. The static recovery is the main softening mechanism. Subgrain coalescence and subgrain growth together with particle-stimulated nucleation are the main nucleation mechanisms for static recrystallization.     

Finite Element Analysis for Microstructure Evolution in Hot Finishing Rolling of Steel Strips

A computer model that describes the evolution of microstructures during the hot finishing rolling of SS400 steel has been proposed. It has been found that the microstructure strongly depends on processing of materials and on their parameters,which affected the history of the thermomechanical variables,such as temperature,strain,and strain rate. To investigate the microstructural evolutions during the hot finishing rolling process,the rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method(FEM) has been combined with dynamic recrystallization,static recrystallization,and grain growth models. The simulation results show a good agreement with those from the prediction software online.