浇注式沥青混凝土疲劳寿命的能量法

根据应变控制模式下的4点弯曲疲劳试验方法,用能量法研究了浇注式沥青混合料抗疲劳性能。通过多个应变水平下的疲劳试验,得出浇注式沥青混凝土的疲劳寿命与累积耗散能在双对数坐标下的线性关系。并回归出了浇注式沥青混合料在不同应变水平下疲劳寿命预测方程。用Maxwell模型分析了浇注式沥青混合料疲劳破坏与能量耗散的关系,并将滞后回线和滞后角引入到浇注式沥青混合料疲劳性能研究中,得出滞后角大的混合料有更好的抗疲劳性能。     

再生沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能

为了分析废旧沥青路面材料(RAP)对热拌沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能的影响,设计了不同RAP掺量(10%、20%、30%)及不同级配(AC-13和AC-16)的沥青混合料,采用沥青混合料性能试验仪(AMPT)在不同温度和加载频率下的动态模量,之后采用时间-温度等效原理,确定了不同沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线;并对不同沥青混合料进行了单轴拉伸疲劳试验,通过简化的黏弹性连续损伤模型(S-VECD),确定了不同级配、不同RAP含量的沥青混合料的损伤特征曲线(C-S),及基于能量的疲劳失效标准与疲劳加载次数之间的关系(GR-Nf).结果表明:沥青混合料的动态模量随着温度的升高、加载频率的降低而降低,温度越低、频率越高,沥青混合料越接近弹性体,反之越接近黏性体;从不同级配的沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线中可以看出,RAP含量越高,其动态模量越高,但总体来看相差不大.疲劳试验及分析表明:RAP含量较高时,其疲劳性能较低,表明其应力松弛能力较差,因此应更加关注再生沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能.     

高温后钢骨再生混凝土柱的加固疲劳行为

针对大量建筑物在火灾中损坏急需修复,对高温（500º）后钢骨再生混凝土柱进行了纤维复合材料（CFRP）加固前后的静力轴压试验和加固后的疲劳实验,通过对破坏模式、承载力、荷载-位移曲线和荷载-应变曲线进行分析,结果表明：CFRP能有效提高高温后钢骨再生混凝土柱抗压强度,刚度和延性,承载力提高幅度最高可达141%;当再生混凝土取代率为50%时,CFRP加固短柱取得最大承载力;加固试件破坏形式为CFRP拉断、内部混凝土压碎以及钢骨上部屈曲,未加固试件的破坏形式为钢骨上部屈曲,外部混凝土剥落;加固后的钢骨再生混凝土柱305RF能够在上限为50%承载力的荷载下经过200W次疲劳试验,200W次后试件最大竖向位移接近相同试件静力破坏时对应位移。     

沥青混合料应变-寿命疲劳方程研究

在国内外研究成果基础上,提出了合理可行的沥青混合料直接拉伸疲劳试验中试件尺寸、失效判据、控制方式、加载频率和试验温度等条件.基于不同应变水平的疲劳试验结果,分析了平均应力影响,建立了沥青混合料应变—寿命疲劳方程,可作为疲劳开裂寿命预估的依据,并提出了沥青混合料疲劳开裂拉应变的阀值和极限值.利用沥青混合料直接拉伸疲劳试验得到的应变—寿命疲劳方程能更好体现沥青混合料的疲劳特征,其疲劳开裂拉应变的阀值和极限值能充分反映沥青混合料疲劳破坏的过程.     

考虑松弛的沥青混合料疲劳损伤累计模型研究

根据应变控制疲劳试验的受力特点,通过分解沥青混合料应变,控制疲劳试验输入和输出响应,分析沥青混合料应变控制疲劳试验过程中的松弛现象.基于损伤力学和粘弹理论,分析由应力松弛引起的疲劳损伤和演化规律,建立考虑应力松弛沥青混合料疲劳损伤累计模型.相同条件下一组大样本疲劳试验结果与模型计算结果的对比表明,提出的损伤演化模型不仅拟合效果良好,且揭示沥青混合料在重复载荷作用下初期模量衰减的粘弹非线性本质,有利于沥青混合料疲劳研究和寿命预测.     

Anisotropy of Fatigue Behavior and Tensile Behavior of 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Based on Infrared Thermography

The fatigue behavior during high cycle fatigue testing and the tensile behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy considering the anisotropy were studied.Two types of specimens including longitudinal specimen(parallel to the rolling direction) and transverse specimen(perpendicular to the rolling direction) were prepared.Infrared thermography was employed to monitor the temperature evolution during the fatigue and tensile tests.The temperature evolution curves in the two directions were contrastively analyzed.It is found that the temperature evolution during fatigue process possesses four stages:initial temperature rise stage,slow temperature decline stage,rapid temperature rise stage,and finial temperature decline stage.The heat generating mechanisms of the four stages are discussed.Obvious differences can be found between the longitudinal specimen and transverse specimen in fatigue strength and fatigue life.The fatigue strength and fatigue life of longitudinal specimen are higher than those of transverse specimen.During the tensile and fatigue testing process,the fracture temperature in the transverse direction are higher than that in the longitudinal direction.The fatigue strength prediction by means of infrared thermography has a good consistency with that by the traditional method.     

基于累积损伤的结构系统时变刚度可靠性分析

基于累计损伤的结构系统时变刚度可靠性分析,对设计寿命期内结构系统刚度可靠性指标的影响非常重要.根据疲劳载荷造成的累积损伤对材料极限应力的影响,结合材料强度与弹性模量之间的关系,给出了结构构件在基于累积损伤下剩余弹性模量的表达式,并导出了在外载作用下刚度失效时安全余量的具体表达式.采用改进的一次二阶矩方法求解可靠性指标,用改进的分枝限界法寻找主要失效模式,然后用PNET法计算结构系统可靠性.数值算例表明,结构系统在设计寿命内虽然满足了系统疲劳可靠性的要求,但随着使用寿命的增加,结构系统刚度可靠性下降,当疲劳载荷循环次数大于一定值时,结构系统结构刚度可靠性不能满足设计要求.因此,该方法为设计人员综合考虑结构系统可靠性提供理论依据.     

Residual Tensile Strength of Plain Concrete Under Tensile Fatigue Loading

The functional relation between the residual tensile strength of plain concrete and number of cycles was determined. 99 tappered prism specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial tensile fatigue loading. Based on the probability distribution of the residual tensile strength, the empirical expressions of the residual tensile strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. The residual tensile strength attenuating curves can be used to predict the residual fatigue life of the specimen under variable-amplitude fatigue loading. There is a good correlation between residual tensile strength and residual secant elastic modulus. The relationship between the residual secant elastic modulus and number of cycles was also established.     

Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate

The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

沥青混合料在冻融循环作用下的弯拉特性

通过沥青混合料在冻融循环作用下的弯曲试验,分析了冻融循环次数、油石比、级配组成对混合料弯拉特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增多,沥青混合料的弯拉强度、弯拉应变、劲度模量均呈减小趋势。油石比、级配组成对弯拉特性有明显影响,随着油石比的增大,冻融循环作用对沥青混合料弯拉特性的影响减小,AC-13混合料的弯拉特性优于其他两种级配。在青藏高原寒冷地区采用AC-13的沥青混合料、油石比为5.5%或适当增加油石比可以提高沥青混合料在冻融循环作用下的低温弯曲特性。     

考虑软化特性的软黏土动应力-应变关系研究

针对在地震、波浪、交通等循环荷载的作用下饱和软黏土残余孔隙水压力上升，从而导致软黏土刚度、强度发生软化的这种现象，对循环荷载作用下考虑循环软化特性的饱和软黏土动应力-应变进行了研究.以往的研究大多忽略初始偏应力对软黏土循环软化及动应力 应变关系的影响.通过对萧山正常固结饱和软黏土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验，研究了循环次数、循环应力水平、初始偏应力对饱和软黏土刚度软化及应力 应变关系的影响.试验结果表明，随着循环次数的增加，土体刚度逐渐减小；循环应力水平的提高和初始偏应力的施加都将加快刚度软化和累计塑性应变的发展，从而加速土体的破坏.同时，在试验的基础上推导了反映土体刚度软化规律的经验公式，利用该公式并结合修正的Masing准则对软黏土的动应力-应变关系进行描述.     

聚酯纤维沥青混凝土路面的疲劳寿命计算

目的研究在沥青混凝土中加入聚酯纤维后的沥青混凝土路面的疲劳寿命．方法通过劈裂试验确定了不同温度下的聚酯纤维沥青混凝土的劲度模量，并基于损伤力学计算理论，采用平面应变有限单元法，考虑在车辆荷载和温度荷载耦合作用下对含有反射裂缝的路面体结构的疲劳寿命进行了计算．结果加入0．296的聚酯纤维沥青混凝土路面结构体的疲劳寿命提高了51％．结论在沥青混凝土中加入聚酯纤维能够增加混合料劲度模量，提高路面的疲劳寿命．     

沥青混合料车辙进程影响因素及预估模型研究

采用汉堡车辙试验系统进行车辙试验,分析荷载作用次数、试件厚度、温度、混合料力学性能对沥青混合料车辙进程的影响,建立了以上影响因子与车辙深度的关系,并建立了沥青混合料车辙预估模型;通过AC-13、AC-16和AC-20这3种混合料、40℃、50℃、60℃3种温度下的大量室内车辙试验数据确定了模型参数。结果表明,车辙深度与荷载作用次数呈乘幂关系增加,与温度呈指数关系增长,与混合料重复加载试验力学性能参数εp/Fn呈乘幂关系,而与试件厚度关系不显著,根据建立的车辙预估模型得到的车辙预估值与实测值误差基本不超过±10%,进而通过9条路段的车辙实际调研数据对模型参数进行了修正,得到了实际路面车辙预估模型,可以为路面混合料设计提供参考。     

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading were studied. The effects of initial static load on the total energy dissipated during the failure process of specimen were analyzed. To simulate the engineering situation that in-situ rock experienced and obtain the dynamic loading with an intermediate strain rate, a low cycle fatigue load with the frequency from 0.5 to 5 Hz was adopted by servo-controlled Instron material testing system. The results show that the obtained strain rate increase with the increase of load frequency. The initial static load has great influence on both the energy and dynamic response of rock. Both the energy and the maximum failure load Pf decreases with the increase of initial static load. Pf under the static-dynamic loading is larger than that under only the static loading but less than that under only the dynamic loading. The load-displacement curves become nonlinear as the pre-added static load reaches the transition point which is about one third of static strength. With the increase of initial static load, Young‘s modulus decreases and poisson ratio increases. It shows that rock has a lower strength and a tendency to soften under a higher initial static load. Rock may be broken more easily static-dynamic loading than under only the dynamic loading. The proposed method is useful in the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock under quasi-dynamic loading.     

A subregional model for delamination prediction of rubber composite under fatigue loading

Results from fatigue experiments of cross-laminated steel cord-rubber composites (SCRC) indicate that fatigue damage life can be categorized into three regimes. In terms of fatigue modes, a subregional fatigue model is developed to describe the damages evolution of SCRC under fatigue loads. Firstly, finite element analysis is introduced to determine interply stress distribution of the specimen. Then, based on the experimental fatigue data, subregional models are introduced to simulate relations between maximum strain, effective stiffness,delamination shear stress and fatigue cycles. Relations between crack density, delamination length growth rate,macro crack density and cycles are modeled by two semi-empirical models. A reasonable prediction result was achieved by the current model, where model parameters can be determined by basic outputs of fatigue testing.     

开孔Q460高强钢板在低周疲劳加载下的力学性能试验研究

为探讨单调拉伸及低周疲劳荷载下开孔Q460高强钢板的力学性能,对33个开孔材性试件进行试验测试,通过分析试件的应力-应变曲线、骨架曲线和耗能能力对比图,探讨了试件设计尺寸、开孔数量及加载模式等因素对开孔材性试件的强度、刚度、延性和耗能能力等力学性能的影响规律。在此基础上,使用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了疲劳加载作用下开孔材性试件的精细有限元模型,并与材性试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了模型的正确性和可靠性。试验结果表明,开孔对Q460高强钢试件的力学性能有不利影响,导致应力集中加剧;在疲劳荷载作用下,增加试件轴向的开孔数量有利于提高试件的延性,但对钢材的耗能能力产生不利影响。开孔试件在低周反复荷载下易在开孔位置发生应力集中导致裂缝产生,且孔洞四周存在鼓曲现象,断后试件整体呈马鞍形。试件厚度对高强钢的破坏模式及力学性能影响显著,在低周疲劳荷载下,开孔试件的破坏形态与未开孔试件差别较大,且随厚度增加呈现两种不同的断口形态,随着试件设计厚度增加,断口截面与试件横截面呈约45°夹角和锯齿形交错相嵌两种断口类型;且随着钢材厚度的增加,试件的抗拉强度、延性和耗能能力均有所提高。加载模式对开孔Q460高强钢的抗拉强度影响较小,随着荷载循环圈数的增加,Q460高强钢的延性降低,耗能能力提高。     

车 - 温度荷载耦合作用下悬索桥钢桥

针对传统悬索桥钢桥面板疲劳寿命评估方法忽略了温度荷载影响的问题,提出考虑车辆和温度 荷载耦合作用下悬索桥钢桥面板疲劳耐久性评估方法。以南溪长江大桥为工程背景,基于悬索桥主梁的车辆 动态称重（WIM）、U 肋细节应变、铺装层温度和环境温度监测数据,建立标准疲劳车辆模型、铺装层温度 概率模型和主梁温差模型。在 ANSYS 有限元平台,采用瞬态分析计算车辆和铺装层温度荷载耦合作用对结 构两类典型焊接细节的疲劳应力效应的影响,并统计结构温度梯度的疲劳应力谱。在此基础上,预测车 - 温 度荷载耦合作用下南溪长江大桥两类典型细节的疲劳寿命。研究表明：在车载不变的情况下,沥青铺装层温 度与等效应力幅呈现线性关系。温度对细节疲劳寿命的影响随着细节距铺装层距离的增大而衰减。温度梯度 疲劳荷载谱的循环次数明显较车载小,在两者耦合作用中,车载对疲劳损伤的贡献值占据主要地位。对比考 虑与不考虑车 - 温度荷载的耦合作用,南溪长江大桥梁服役 100 a 主梁细节 1 和细节 2 的疲劳损伤计算值分 别相差 5.06 和 1.50 倍。     

浇注式沥青混合料配合比设计及施工质量检测——以泰州大桥钢桥面铺装工程为例

依托泰州大桥钢桥面铺装下层用浇注式沥青混凝土实体工程,重点介绍泰州大桥钢桥面浇注式沥青混合料配合比设计,确定合成级配2#料∶3#料∶4#料∶矿粉=30∶10∶36∶24(质量比),最佳沥青用量8.9%时,混合料的高低温性能最优且均满足设计需要。经施工现场质量检测证明:该配合比指导生产的浇注式沥青混合料具有优良的防水、抗老化性能,对钢板的追从性好,能满足泰州大桥实际使用。       

Post-fire cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete shear walls

The effects of fire exposure, reinforcement ratio and the presence of axial load under fire on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls were investigated. Five RC shear walls were tested under low cyclic loading. Prior to the cyclic test, three specimens were exposed to fire and two of them were also subjected to a constant axial load. Test results indicate that the ultimate load of the specimen with lower reinforcement ratio is reduced by 15.8% after exposure to elevated temperatures. While the reductions in the energy dissipation and initial stiffness are 59.2% and 51.8%, respectively, which are much higher than those in the ultimate load. However, this deterioration can be slowed down by properly increasing reinforcement due to the strength and stiffness recovery of steel bars after cooling. In addition, the combined action of elevated temperatures and axial load results in more energy dissipation than the action of fire exposure alone.     

动水作用下沥青混合料疲劳性能变化

为研究不同材料组成下沥青混合料抗疲劳性能受动水作用的影响,开发了模拟沥青路面受水、荷载、温度共同作用的室内试验设备并提出了试验方法.将6%、10%、14%3种空隙率,AC-16、SMA-16、SAC-16 3种级配,A-90、A-110、A-130 3种沥青组合成7种沥青混合料;对比分析其动水作用前后的应力疲劳方程参数变化.结果表明:7种沥青混合料动水作用后的疲劳性能均有不同程度衰减.疲劳荷载作用下,动水作用后的混合料沥青膜更易剥落.10%空隙率是AC类混合料的较不利空隙率;其疲劳寿命的衰减程度最大且应力敏感性增加.10%空隙率时,悬浮结构沥青混合料抗疲劳性能受动水作用影响要比骨架结构的大,高标号沥青混合料所受影响比低标号的大.