活性矿物掺合料对超高性能水泥基材料的影响

通过复掺粉煤灰和硅灰,制备一种抗压强度超过200 MPa的超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC),采用扫描电镜、微区能谱分析、X射线衍射、汞压入法和差示扫描量热分析等现代测试手段,研究了活性矿物掺合料对UHPCC微观结构及性能的影响.实验结果表明,UHPCC水泥石主要以低mCa/mSi、结构致密的C-S-H凝胶和许多未水化颗粒组成;活性矿物掺合料的火山灰效应使水泥浆体与集料间界面过渡区得以改善;矿物掺合料的微集料效应使体系颗粒级配优化,致使基体内部结构致密,总孔隙率减小,孔尺寸得到细化,孔结构得以优化,材料性能得以提高.     

超高性能水泥基材料的力学行为及机理分析

研究安防系统对超高性能水泥基复合材料工作性及超高力学性能的特殊要求,以大掺量超细工业废渣取代水泥,掺加超高硬度细集料,采用高温干热养护制度,成功制备出一种超高性能水泥基复合材料.对其工作性及不同养护温度和养护时间下的力学性能进行测试,结果表明,制备的材料具有较好的工作特性及超高力学性能,可满足安保产品要求,其抗压强度最高可达240 MPa.采用X射线衍射技术、差热-热重分析方法及扫描电镜对其微观结构形成进行分析,结果显示,超高硬度细集料与胶凝材料的强物理结合使其在复合材料中起增强相的作用,高温养护加速了水泥的水化及矿物惨合料的火山灰反应,降低了材料中Ca(OH)2的含量,增加了C-S-H凝胶的含量,提高了材料的密实度,改善了界面微观结构,提高了超高性能水泥基复合材料的宏观力学性能.     

Electromagnetic shielding and absorption properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

In order to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) and absorbing properties of fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, carbon fiber and synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete were researched. The results show that with the increase of fiber volume fraction, the SE and trend of frequency change of corresponding fiber reinforced concrete are enhanced. When the volume content of steel fiber is 3%, the SE of concrete is above 50 dB and its frequency is above 1.8 GHz. Moreover, in the range of 8-18 GHz, steel fiber, carbon fiber and PVA fiber all can improve the microwave absorption properties of concrete. The concrete with 0.5% carbon fiber can achieve the best absorbing property, the minimum reflectivity is about -7 dB; while steel fiber optimal volume fraction is 2%. The reflectivity curve of PVA fiber reinforced concrete fluctuates with the frequency, and the minimum value of the reflectivity is below -10 dB. The results show that fiber reinforced concrete could be used as EMI(electromagnetic interference) prevention buildings by attenuating and reflecting electromagnetic wave energy.     

不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。     

Electrical resistance and microstructure of latex modified carbon fiber reinforced cement composites

The electrical resistance,flexural strength,and microstructure of carbon fiber reinforced cement composites(CFRC) were improved greatly by adding water-redispersible latex powder.The electrical resistance of CFRC was investigated by two-probe method.The input range of CFRC based strain sensors was therefore increased,whereas electrical resistance was increased and remained in the perfect range of CFRC sensors.The analysis of scanning electron microscopy indicated that elastic latex bridges and a latex layer existed among the interspaces of the adjacent cement hydration products which were responsible for the enhancement of the flexural strength and electrical resistance.The formation mechanism of the elastic latex bridges was also discussed in detail.The continuous moving of two opposite interfaces of the latex solution-air along the interspaces of the adjacent hydrated crystals or colloids was attributed to the formation of the elastic latex bridges.     

养护温度对高延性水泥基材料力学性能的影响

研究养护温度对高延性水泥基复合材料性能的影响,分析养护温度在20、40、60和80℃时水泥基复合材料的抗弯性能、抗压强度、抗折强度及裂缝分布特点.结果表明,养护温度越高,高延性水泥基复合材料的早期跨中挠度越小;养护温度高于40℃时,试件的跨中挠度和韧性指数随龄期延长无明显变化;高养护温度能显著提高高延性水泥基复合材料的早期抗压强度和抗折强度,龄期对高温养护条件下高延性水泥基复合材料的抗压、抗折强度影响不大;粉煤灰掺量相同时,常温养护下高延性水泥基复合材料的裂缝更加细密均匀;养护温度为60℃时,粉煤灰掺量提高至80%,高延性水泥基复合材料的韧性显著提高,28d抗压强度可达70MPa.     

Impact properties of engineered cementitious composites with high volume fly ash using SHPB test

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing with diameter 40 mm was used to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with different fly ash content. The basic properties including deformation, energy absorption capacity, strain-stress relationship and failure patterns were discussed. The ECCs showed strain-rate dependency and kept better plastic flow during impact process compared with reactive powder concrete (RPC) and concrete, but the critical compressive strength was lower than that of RPC and concrete. The bridging effect of PVA fiber and addition of fly ash can significantly improve the deformation and energy absorption capacities of ECCs. With the increase of fly ash content in ECCs, the static and dynamic compressive strength lowered and the dynamic increase factor enhanced. Therefore, to meet different engineering needs, the content of fly ash can be an important index to control the static and dynamic mechanical properties of ECCs.     

Flexural response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with post-poured ultra high toughness cementitious composites layer

Four-point bending tests were conducted up to failure on eleven reinforced concrete (RC) beams and strengthening beams to study the effectiveness of externally pouring ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) on improving the flexural behavior of existing RC beams.The strengthening materials included UHTCC and high strength grade concrete.The parameters,such as thickness and length of strengthening layer and reinforcement in post-poured layer,were analyzed.The flexural behavior,failure mode and ...     

纳米SiC/PTFE复合材料微观结构SEM图像处理及分析

为了对纳米聚合物复合材料微观结构进行定量分析,利用Visual C＋＋开发纳米SiC/PTFE复合材料SEM图像分析系统,该系统包括图像灰度均衡、灰度拉伸、平滑与滤波等预处理功能以及图像分割、图像形态学处理、粒子标记等处理分析功能,可对SEM图像中粒子大小进行区分。结果表明,纳米SiC/PTFE复合材料SEM图像经直方图均衡化处理后,对比度明显增强,灰度级变宽,灰度拉伸使SEM图像中纳米粒子显示更清晰,平滑与滤波处理能抑制图像中的噪声。采用最大类间方差法分割图像的效果优于迭代阈值分割法,图像形态学处理能提高纳米粒子信息被识别的能力,粒子标记能为PTFE中不同团聚尺寸的纳米粒子赋予不同的灰度值以对其进行区分。     

Microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined clay-containing gangue

To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). The results show that the structure of kaolinite in the gangue sample calcined at 500°C is destroyed. The XRD spectra show the disappearance of illite at about 800°C and the formation of mullite at about 100...     

Microstructure of Steel Fiber Reinforced Polymer—cement—based Composites

Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used to measure the pore structure of steel fiber reinforced polymer-cement-based bomposite.The results indicate that the large pore volume decreases by 57.8%-51.2% and by 87.1%-88% with the addition fo steel fibers and polymers respectively.When both steel fibers and poly-mers are simultaneously added, the large pore volume decreases by 88.3%-90.1% .As a surface active materi-al ,polymer has a favorable water-reduced and forming-film effect, which is contributed to the decrease of the thick-ness of water film and the improvement of the conglutination between the fibers and the matrix.Polymers could form a microstructure network.This network structure and the bone structure of cement hydration products penetrate each other and thus the interpenetrating network with sticky aggregate and steel fiber inside forms.     

纤维混杂对超高性能纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

采用最紧密堆积理论对UHPFRC进行配合比设计,并通过应用Excel Solver Tool进行编程求解,实现了UHPFRCC符合体系的理论设计,利用石灰石粉改善流动性的作用得到最终配合比。基于基准配合比,研究了钢纤维与合成纤维混杂对UHPFRCC的力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：基于Dinger-Funk模型可实现自密实UHPFRCC的配合比设计;混杂纤维可增强UHPFRCC的抗压强度,但抗折强度有所降低;相比于单掺2%钢纤维的UHPFRCC,合成纤维的取代掺入均降低了UHPFRCC的抗压强度和抗折强度。     

聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料研究进展

在聚合物基体中加入碳纳米管可以制备综合性能优异的导电聚合物复合材料,而具有取向结构的聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料在光、电、磁、生物功能材料中具有潜在的应用前景.基于碳纳米管的电学性质,综述了聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料的三种制备方法(熔融共混法、溶液共混法和原位聚合法)以及国内外研究进展,着重介绍了具有取向结构的聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合体系的制备方法,包括模板组装、力场排列、电场排列以及磁场排列等,并分析比较了各种方法的基本原理和特点.最后对聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料的应用情况及研究前景进行了初步的探讨.     

Fracture and tensile properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced cementitous composites

Experiments were carried out to design polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fiber reinforced cementitous composites （PVA-FRCCs） holding high ductility and energy consumption ability. Besides, the properties of each ingredients in composites, mixing method and technology for fresh mixture were described in detail. Then, the pseudo-strain-hardening （PSH） behavior was investigated in uniaxial tension test. As a result, the maximum ultimate tensile strain can reach 0.7 percent. On the other hand, the single edge notch （SEN） thin sheet specimens were employed to gain the normal tensile load via crack mouth opening displacement （CMOD） curves, which can show obvious PSH behavior. In addition, the curves can be divided into four zones whose fracture toughness calculation methods were discussed. The wedge splitting （WS） test method can be applied to discuss the fracture toughness. Moreover, fracture energy of SEN and WS specimens were both approximately evaluated.     

Properties and Structure of Magnesium Matrix Composite Reinforced with CNTs

By using high pure Magnesium (99.9 wt% ) as matrix and multi-walled bended carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) as reinforced phase, carbon nanotubes/magnesium matrix composite was prepared to the foundry method under the argon gas protection, and its mechanical properties were tested. The interface structure and component of plating and un-plating carbon nanotubes were analyzed by TEM and EDS , and the action mechanism was discussed. The experiment results show that the CNTs con strengthen mechanical properties of the nano-tube-reinforced Mg matrix composite, the tensile strength and elongation ratio are greatly improved. Furthermore, the plating CNTs are better than un-plating CNTs in strengthening effects. The tensile strength is inereased by 150% and the elongation ratio is increased by 30% than that of matrix when content of CNTs is 0.67 wt%.     

Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

Effects of microstructure modification on properties of AlN/BN composites

It is very difficult to prepare full-densified aluminum nitride-boron nitride （AIN/BN） composite ceramics with homogeneous microstructure and high thermal conductivity. Spark plasma sintering （SPS） was used to fully densify the AIN/BN composites in this work. Microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the SPS sintered AIN/BN composites with 5-30 vol% BN were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of composites is fine and homogenous, and the AIN/BN composites exhibit high mechanical properties. To promote the growth of AIN grains and modify the distribution of grain boundary in AIN/BN composites, a heat treating methodology was introduced through gas pressure sintering （GPS）. This processing was significantly beneficial to enhancing the thermal conductivity of the specimen. The thermal conductivity of AIN/BN composites with 5-30 vol% BN reached 60 W/m K after the samples were treated by GPS.     

碳纤维空气氧化处理对聚合物基复合材料影响的机理

通过对碳纤维表面空气氧化处理后碳纤维表面物理、化学状态变化的研究 ,提出了提高聚合物基体与碳纤维的界面结合能力的有效方法 ,从而使碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料的综合力学性能得到显著提高     

Compressive testing and failure analysis of three-dimensionally reinforced carbon/carbon composites

It is important to reveal the performance of carbon/carbon composites subjected to complex loading,which can provide a basis for developing the failure laws of carbon/carbon composites.The uniaxial and...     

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered SiC-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers（Csf/SSi C） in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSi C matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSi C because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B4C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.