Strength of limestone-based non-calcined cement and its properties

A new type of cement was prepared with ground limestone powder, blastfurnace slag, steel slag and gypsum without calcination. The fraction of ground limestone powder in the cement was as high as 40 wt%–60 wt% without Portland clinker. All of its physical properties can meet the requirements of masonry cement standards. The impact of limestone content on physical properties of the cement and determined its impact on law was investigated. The steel slag can excit the aquation activity of this cement effectively, and the influence of its quantity on the strength of the materials was studied, which shows that the optimum quantity of mixing is 10%. By way of changing the different content of the lime stone by quartzy sample, the law of the compression strength and the PH value was determined, confirming that the lime stone can promote the early aquation of the slag and improve the early strength. The main hydration product of this cement is calcium aluminate hydrate, ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate, as indicated by XRD and SEM analysis.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites-calcium silicate hydrate composite from coal fly ash with co-activation of Ca(OH)2-NaOH for aqueous heavy metals removalOA

Coal fly ash is a typical secondary aluminum/silicon resource. The preparation of zeolite-type absorbent is a potential way for its value-added utilization, while the purity and adsorption property of zeolite are limited due to the occurrence of side reactions in the synthesis process. In this study, a designated composite consisted of crystalline zeolites and amorphous calcium silicate hydrate was selected, which was direct synthesized from fly ash under conditions of a Ca/Si molar ratio of 0.8...     

Effects of steel slag powder on workability and durability of concrete

The workability and durability of a type of sustainable concrete made with steel slag powder were investigated. The hydrated products of cement paste with ground granulated blast furnace slag（GGBFS） alone or with a combined admixture of GGBFS-steel slag powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Furthermore, the mechanism of chemically activated steel slag powder was also studied. The experimental results showed that when steel slag powder was added to concrete, the slumps through the same time were lower. The initial and fi nal setting times were slightly retarded. The dry shrinkages were lower, and the abrasion resistance was better. The chemically activated steel slag powder could improve compressive strengths, resistance to chloride permeation and water permeation, as well as carbonization resistance. XRD patterns indicated that the activators enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrate（C-S-H） gel and ettringite（AFt）. This research contributes to sustainable disposal of wastes and has the potential to provide several important environmental benefi ts.     

The Early Strength of Slag Cements with Addition of Hydrate Microcrystals

The effect of hydrate microcrystals such as calcium silicate hydrates ( CSH ) and ettringite on the early strength of slag cements was studied, The authors existed the possibility of improving the early strength of the slag cement by applying crystal seed technology. It is shown that slag crystal seeds make the early strength of the cement increased due to the action of hydrate crystal seeds, which speed up the hydration of dinker minerals in the nucleation of ettringite. Therefore, the early strength of the slag cement is obviously improved.     

矿渣-粉煤灰-氟石膏胶结材激发及毒性

研究了激发剂对氟石膏的激发效果和机理,复合氟石膏胶结材的强度、软化系数和浸出毒性。通过NaOH、Na2SO4和NaF对氟石膏激发试验,确定最优掺量均为1％。在此基础上,采用矿渣、粉煤灰、熟料对用量80％以上氟石膏进一步改性,发现Na2SO41％、矿渣2．5％、粉煤灰5％和氟石膏89％复合胶结材性能最好,28d抗压强度可达12．25MPa,软化系数可达0．70,浸出氟离子浓度降低到0．7485mg／L。SEM和XRD分析发现水化形成的二水石膏晶体与少量水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及氟化钙互相填充包裹,阻碍了水分进入,改善了复合胶结材耐水性能和降低了浸出毒性。     

SLAG CEMENT REINFORCED BY THE COMBINATION DOPING OF LIMESTONE AND ANHYDRITE

The hydration performances of slag cement mixed by limestone and anhydritehave been studied. The phase compositions andmicrostructures of the hydrates were determinedand analysed by XRD and SEM. It is discoveredthat when slag cement is mixed with limestoneand anhydrite. the hydrations of the clinker andslag are speeded. The amount of ettringite andhydrate calcium silicate are increased and the me-chanical strength of slag cement are enchanced.     

Quantitative calculation of hydration products for binary slag-Portland cement system

The reaction models and the quantitative calculation on the volume fraction of hydration products for binary ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS） cement system are presented, in which two important factors are taken into account, i e, the reactivity of GGBFS influenced by its chemical compositions and the partial replacement of aluminum phase in calcium silicate hydrate （C-S-H） gel. A simplified treatment is further suggested towards the quantification. In particular, when the replacement level of GGBFS is lower than 70%, the ratio of calcium over silica （C/S） is set at 1.5 or at 1.2 otherwise. The validity of the proposed model is addressed in terms of the contents of calcium Portlandite and non-evaporable water.     

钢渣-杂填土基层材料配合比优化试验研究

以杂填土、钢渣、矿渣微粉为原料,采用土体固化技术混拌制备钢渣-杂填土基层材料。开展钢渣、混凝土破碎料、素土等主料对基层材料强度的耦合影响试验,构建回归模型,得到主料最优掺入比例,试验验证表明,回归模型预测值误差小于2%;以钢渣、混凝土破碎料、水泥、固化剂为因素开展正交试验,得到的最优结果与强度耦合影响试验基本一致,从而确定钢渣-杂填土最优配合比。最优配合比试件试验结果表明：钢渣-杂填土强度随龄期增长显著提升,30 d高温水浴膨胀率仅为1.03%。X射线衍射分析（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试表明：矿渣微粉中SiO₂与钢渣中f-CaO反应生成水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶,同时发现土壤固化剂对土体的改性可有效抑制钢渣膨胀;C-S-H凝胶填充于混凝土破碎料、钢渣、土颗粒间,增加了钢渣-杂填土基层材料密实度,使其强度得以提高。     

Cementing properties of steel slag activated by sodium silicates and sodium hydroxide

Steel slag which is mainly composed of γ-Ca2SiO4 and other silicates or alumino-silicates is activated by sodium sificates and sodium hydroxide. The powders of such steel slag are usually inert to hydrate and subsequently have very low ability of cementing. But when sodium silicates and sodium hydroxide are used as activators the steel slag shows very good properties of cementing. When activated with NaOH solution the hardened slurry of the steel slag has a compressive strength of 11.13 MPa after being cured for 28 days. When activated with Na2SiO3 solution the samples after being cured for 28 days have an average compres- sive strength of 40.23 MPa. While the steel slag slurry which is only mixed with water has a compressive of 0.88 MPa after being cured for 28 days.     

粉煤灰-矿渣基地聚物混凝土力学性能与微观结构

为考察不同配合比对地聚物混凝土性能的影响,开展了粉煤灰与矿渣比例、水玻璃模数以及水玻璃掺量(质量分数)对其宏观力学性能影响的实验研究,并从微观层次扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量弥散X射线分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及压汞实验(MIP)对微观结构进行研究.结果表明:养护龄期的增加,...     

Preparation and characterization of calcium aluminate by chemical synthesis

Saturated Ca（OH）2 and AlCl3 solutions were used to synthesize calcium aluminate hydrate precipitates at room temperature; high purity calcium aluminate powders with stable phases were made by calcination of the precursors at a temperature as low as 1100℃. PSD and BET analysis revealed the particles with sizes ranging from submicrometer to several micrometers and with a specific area of 13 m^2/g. The measurement of hydraulic exotherm revealed that the exothennal rate is in peak for about 2 h. The exothermal quantities are 449.24 J/g at 12 h and 488.38 J/g at 24 h. Its strength development is quick and the 1 day curing strength is almost equal to 100% of the 3 days curing strength in the mortar test.     

Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials: A Comparative Study

To enhance the understanding about the utilization of steel slags as a cementitious material, we comparatively studied the chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of two types of steel slag; basicoxygen-furnace carbon slag(BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag(EAF S). Moreover, we studied the standard consistency, setting time and the effect of the slag replacement ratios on the fluidity and compressive strength of blended cement mortar. The experimental results showed that BOF C had higher alkalinity, higher pH value and more hydraulic phases than EAF S. Both types of slag showed water reduction effect due to its high fineness. Neat BOF C paste showed flash set and acceleration in the initial setting time of blended cement especially at high slag proportions. However, EAF S prolonged the setting time of blended cement even at low slag proportions. The pH values for blended cement contained 50% BOF C or EAF S were lower than those of pure cement paste. Despite of slag type, compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing slags content. The strength of BOF C mortar was higher than that of EAF S mortar with the same replacement ratio for the same age. Slag activity index demonstrated that BOF C and EAF S conformed to the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 20491-2006) requirements for steel slag as grade one and grade two, respectively.     

钢渣用作水泥基材料的问题研讨

碱度在1．6以上的钢渣是一种具有一定水化活性，又在不同程度上存在风化膨胀不稳定性的矿物集合体，将其用作水泥基材料的关键是活性的开发与膨胀的抑制。在现有研究的基础上，对钢渣用作水泥基材料时体积膨胀的诱因与抑制措施、钢渣活性的激发等问题进行了较为详细的探讨。认为对钢渣采用机械活化与化学激活并举的措施不失为一条有效的途径。     

低碱度转炉钢渣用作矿物掺和料的试验研究

将低碱度钢渣同矿渣复合掺配用作矿物掺合料进行了试验研究.利用XRD分析了低碱度钢渣的矿物组成并借助扫描电镜微观观察对矿物掺和料的反应机理进行了分析.试验结果表明:对于低碱度钢渣,适宜的粉磨细度为400～500 m2/g;低碱度钢渣单独作为矿物掺和料时掺量不宜超过20%;用矿渣和钢渣复合掺配时,总掺量在30%和40%时,力学性能接近基准试样,且矿渣和钢渣的最佳配比为2∶1.较之单掺钢渣水化试样,复掺钢渣、矿渣水化试样的水化速度要快,结构更致密,无明显片状Ca(OH)2晶体.     

改性钢渣的制备及其吸附除磷性能

研究了改性钢渣吸附除磷影响因素、等温吸附线特征和吸附动力学,并对生物处理后的出水进行吸附除磷研究。结果表明：在初始磷浓度10 mg/L,投加量10 g/L、pH为7时,改性钢渣吸附后总磷浓度为0.687 mg/L,去除率达93%;改性钢渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量是1.977 mg/g,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）;实际生活污水的吸附除磷中,投加量为50 g/L,反应2 h后出水总磷浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标的排放要求。     

无熟料高炉矿渣水泥混凝土的强度特性

无熟料高炉矿渣水泥混凝土的性能取决于水淬高炉矿渣的碱度、化学成分、玻璃化率以及激发剂的种类和数量。为此,以磷石膏作为激发剂配制无熟料高炉矿渣水泥混凝土后,通过抗压强度及其微观结构的测试探讨了其强度特性。结果表明,早期强度取决于钙矾石的生成量及其所形成的网状空间结构,后期强度取决于C-S-H水化物的生成量及其填充孔隙所形成的密实程度。     

改性高钛高炉渣的浮选性能

以攀钢高炉渣为原料,采用＂选择性分离与长大＂的方法使高炉渣中的钛富集于钙钛矿中,然后在常温25℃,pH值9.3下,研究捕收剂油酸、捕收剂A与抑制剂水玻璃、CMC的用量对改性高炉渣中钙钛矿浮选性能的影响.实验结果表明：捕收剂油酸和捕收剂A都能用于改性渣的浮选,但是捕收剂A浮选性能更佳;抑制剂水玻璃和CMC都能抑制脉石,但是水玻璃也抑制钙钛矿浮选,所以CMC更适用于改性高炉渣的浮选.本实验优化出最佳浮选工艺,即为捕收剂A用量600 g/t,CMC用量为1 500 g/t时,浮选效果最为理想.此选冶结合的绿色分离技术适宜于攀钢含钛高炉渣的综合处理.     

高压喷射注浆水泥土固化机理

与单纯水泥土固结体相比，外加剂b等量取代水泥质量分数的20％可提高水泥土抗压强度40％以上并能提高抗渗性能。SEM分析表明：掺外加剂b后固结体中生成的钙矾石晶体起到填充空隙、穿插、增强固结体的作用，CSH胶本具有胶结土颗粒的效果。     

Dehydration Characteristics of C-S-H with Ca/Si Ratio 1.0 Prepared Via Precipitation

Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) with Ca/Si ratio 1.0 was prepared via precipitation in solution and heated at various temperatures to investigate its dehydration behavior. The dehydration, structural collapse and recrystallization characteristics of C-S-H and its microstructural change during heating process were investigated by XRD, SEM, Raman and TG-DSC techniques. C-S-H gradually lost non-evaporable water upon heating, about 50% and 80% non-evaporable water was removed below 200 and 400 ℃, respectively, and the rest was removed up to about 1 000 ℃. At 400 ℃, dehydrated C-S-H exhibited the increasing disordering of calcium/silicon environment and the decreasing symmetrical bending vibration of Si-O-Si of Q~2 silicate chains. At 650 ℃ non-bridging oxygen atoms(O_(non)) attached to silicon were almost removed, and significant structural change occurred, and at 815 ℃ C-S-H dehydrated to wollastonite.     

Kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of phosphate on fluorine-containing calcium silicate

The nanowires-reticulated calcium silicate with a specific surface area more than 100 m²/g was prepared by a hydrothermal process using hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂, HL) and silica containing soluble fluoride, which was a by-product of fluorine industry, and the soluble fluoride in raw silica was fixed as CaSiF₆ at the same time. The kinetic characteristics and mechanism of adsorbing phosphate by fluorine-containing calcium silicate were investigated in the experiments of phosphorus (P) removal from aqueous solution. The results show that the prepared fluorine-containing calcium silicate has excellent performance for adsorbing phosphate, the adsorption process appears to follow pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and the process is mainly controlled by chemisorption. The product resulted from P adsorption is mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluorapatite (FAP), which are further used as adsorbents of heavy metal ion Cd²⁺ in aqueous solution and display excellent performance.