Ar+离子束对U薄膜表面粗糙度的影响

采用Ar+离子束对U薄膜表面进行反应溅射,通过白光干涉仪和台阶仪的测量与分析,着重研究Ar+离子束溅射能量、入射角度对其表面粗糙度Ra的影响,并与Ar+离子束刻蚀试验进行比对.结果表明,以30°角入射,随溅射时间的增加,能量为0.5 keV的Ar+离子束较1.0 keV对U薄膜表面粗糙度趋于减小,表面愈光滑,溅射深度仅限于纳米级,而与金属Mo的刻蚀效果相比与之相反.Ar+离子束溅射对材料表面具有超精细抛光的效果,辅之于离子束微米级刻蚀减薄,将有助于U薄膜表面精细加工.     

磁控溅射制备AlN薄膜的蒙特卡罗模拟

应用蒙特卡罗程序TRIM对Ar+轰击AIN的微观过程进行了模拟.对不同能量以及不同角度下Ar+轰击AlN引起的溅射产额进行了系统的研究.随着入射离子能量的逐渐增加,AlN的溅射产额呈上升趋势.AlN的溅射产额随入射角增加而逐渐升高,在75°左右达到峰值,超过75°后,溅射产额急剧下降.实验发现垂直入射时和斜入射时,Al和N两元素的分溅射产额的比值变化规律有着明显的不同.     

表面粗糙度对磁控溅射纯Cu靶材刻蚀区表面形貌及溅射性能的影响

通过将不同粗糙度的纯Cu试样安装在组合靶中以保证相同试验条件,采用白光干涉仪、离子镀膜机、电子分析天平和扫描电镜等方法研究了表面粗糙度对磁控溅射金属靶刻蚀区表面形貌及溅射性能的影响。结果表明,不同粗糙度的试样严重影响其溅射后的表面形貌,在靶材刻蚀最深区域出现凹坑和连续凸起分布的形貌,而在刻蚀较浅的区域出现了溅射蚀坑和不完全刻蚀的晶粒所形成的“亮点”;取向不同的晶粒内部和晶粒边界刻蚀后均出现台阶状形貌,但晶粒内部台阶高度和宽度远远小于晶粒边界,这是由于晶界刻蚀速率较晶粒内部快;表面初始粗糙度越大的试样溅射10 h后,其刻蚀最深区域的表面粗糙度越大;试样溅射过程的前10 h,初始表面粗糙度最小的试样其溅射产额最大。因此,可通过降低靶材表面粗糙度来增加薄膜沉积速率和溅射过程的稳定性。     

真空表面技术：Ⅲ. 溅射镀膜

离子和中性原子轰击固体表面会产生各种各样的现象。当入射粒子的能量相对较高的情况下(100～10000eV),轰击粒子会从固体表面进入固体内部,进而使组成固体的原子从表面放出,这种现象称为溅射。相应于每一个入射离子的溅射原子数称为溅射产额。溅射产额决定于入射离子的种类、能量、靶材的种类、入射离子相对于靶表面的入射角等。引起溅射的最低能量为溅射阈,对于金属靶大约为30～50eV。在离子能量小于     

铝在原子氧环境中的腐蚀与防护

耳前,原子氧剥蚀效应研究仍然是空间环境效应研究中最活跃的方向之一。在概括地介绍低地球轨道环境的同时,分析了铝在原子氧环境中的氧化行为、氧化膜的形成机理和氧化铝膜的破裂等情况。基于离子溅射效应已经广泛应用在现代工业和科学研究中,分析当前溅射产额研究状况,采用半经验公式和TRIM程序计算铝被原子氧和离子氧轰击后的溅射产额和腐蚀速度,并与重离子He离子、Ar离子、Fe离子轰击Al的溅射产额比较;分析发现在原子氧环境中,离子对铝材料溅射同样满足溅射产额的变化规律;最后提出铝在原子氧环境中的防护方法。通过上述的分析和研究,得出了相关性的结论、展望和存在的问题。     

PREFERENTIAL SPUTTERING ON THE SURFACE OF Ag-Pd ALLOY

用XPS方法研究了Ag-Pd合金在氩离子轰击下表面组成的变化。结果表明,由于Ag-Pd表面原子间结合能不同,合金在热退火后表面富Ag,经氩离子轰击后表面富Pd。将合金表面的Ag-Pd溅射产额比与相应的文献结果作了比较。在本文的实验条件下,合金组分间的相对溅射产额随合金成分变化,与氩离子轰击合金形成表面无序层有关。含Pd量为0.32at.-％的稀Pd合金的溅射结果表明,其组分的溅射产额比与含Pd量较多时的结果有明显差别。     

Ag-Pd合金表面的择优溅射

用XPS方法研究了Ag-Pd合金在氩离子轰击下表面组成的变化。结果表明,由于Ag-Pd表面原子间结合能不同,合金在热退火后表面富Ag,经氩离子轰击后表面富Pd。将合金表面的Ag-Pd溅射产额比与相应的文献结果作了比较。在本文的实验条件下,合金组分间的相对溅射产额随合金成分变化,与氩离子轰击合金形成表面无序层有关。含Pd量为0.32at.-％的稀Pd合金的溅射结果表明,其组分的溅射产额比与含Pd量较多时的结果有明显差别。     

离子束辅助沉积铪薄膜晶粒的择优取向

采用离子束辅助沉积方法(IBAD)在Si(111)衬底上沉积了铪薄膜. 实验发现 在铪膜生长时, 轰击铪膜的Ar+离子的能量、入射角度和束流密度对薄膜的晶粒取向有很大的影响. 当Ar+离子的能量为500 eV、入射角为75°、束流密度为0.9 A/m2时, 铪膜为(110)择优取向. 当束流密度大于1.2 A/m2时, 铪膜以(002)、 (100)混合晶向为主, 而与Ar+离子的入射角度无关. 讨论了铪膜晶粒取向的转变机制, 认为铪膜晶粒的择优取向, 不是单纯地取决于基于沟道效应的溅射机制, 或取决于基于能量极小原理的表面能最小或表面应力最小的面生长较快的机制, 而是影响薄膜生长的各种因素互相竞争、共同作用, 在非平衡态条件下表面能极小化的结果.     

低能离子束辅照对溅射镀TiN膜生长的影响

用诱导型等离子体辅助磁控溅射装置在Si（100）表面低温沉积TiN膜，研究了高密度低能量（≈20eV）离子束辅照对溅射镀TiN膜生长、结构和性能的影响．结果表明，高密度低能离子束辅照会改变TiN膜的择优生长方向并使薄膜致密化。即使沉积温度低于150℃，当入射基板离子数和Ti原子数的比值Ji／JTi≥4.7时，沉积的TiN膜仍可具有完全的（200）面择优生长，薄膜微观结构致密，硬度达到25GPa，残余压应力小．     

铜-钨(钼)薄膜制备及应用的研究进展

介绍了近年来铜-钨（钼）薄膜涂层的制备方法,包括溅射沉积法、离子束辅助沉积法、离子束混合法、电子束蒸发法。重点介绍了溅射法中的磁控溅射法和离子束溅射沉积法,分析了薄膜的结构特征及其在固体润滑剂、电子设备、表面修饰材料等领域的应用,并展望了未来的研究方向和应用前景,指出制备散热材料是未来铜-钨（钼）薄膜研究的主流方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。