基于超谐波注入锁定的低相噪QVCO的设计

对基于注入锁定的正交压控振荡器(QVCO)电路进行了研究和分析,设计了一个低相位噪声、低相位误差的QVCO电路,该电路由两个电感电容压控振荡器(LC VCO)在正交相位进行超谐波耦合,通过一个频率倍增器在交叉耦合对的共模信号点注入同步信号.通过对相位误差公式的推导,提出了降低相位误差的方法,由于该电路在共模点采用二倍频取样,抑制了尾电流的闪烁噪声,降低了相位噪声.电路基于TSMC 0.18 μm互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺实现,测试结果表明,当谐振频率从4.5 GHz调谐到4.9 GHz时,在电源电压为1.8V时,电路消耗功率为13 mW,1 MHz频偏处的单边带(SSB)相位噪声为-129.95 dBc/Hz,与传统的QVCO相比,噪声性能得到了改善.     

基于HBT工艺的高功率低相位噪声QVCO

基于Sanan 2 μm GaAs HBT工艺,提出了一种差分Colpitts结构的高功率低相位噪声正交压控振荡器(QVCO)。该QVCO采用四只环形连接的二极管,通过二次谐波反相作用,迫使压控振荡器基波正交。该QVCO比传统串并联晶体管耦合电路具有更高的输出功率和更低的相位噪声。仿真结果表明,该QVCO的调谐范围为12.98~14.05 GHz。振荡频率为13.51 GHz时,输出信号功率为12.557 dBm。相位噪声为-117.795 dBc/Hz @1 MHz。     

基于衬底注入技术的交叉耦合式QVCO设计

提出了一种基于衬底注入技术的正交压控振荡器(QVCO)。此QVCO的实现是基于两个电感电容压控振荡器的耦合作用,并没有任何额外的耦合器件。在相位噪声、正交相位误差、调谐范围以及功耗方面,对所提出的QVCO与传统的QVCO进行了比较。仿真表明:该QVCO在4.1 GHz处取得了0.62°的正交相位误差,采用标准的0.13 μm 互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺对该QVCO进行流片实现,芯片面积为0.51 mm×0.87 mm。测试结果表明:在3.95 GHz处的相位误差为-118.5 dBc/ Hz@1 MHz,在0.5 V 电源电压供电下,消耗的功耗为0.41 mW,适用于低功耗需求场合。     

2.4 GHz低相位误差低相位噪声CMOS QVCO设计

提出了一种新型的适用于锁相环频率合成器的正交压控振荡器(QVCO)结构,分析了QVCO的工作原理及其相位噪声性能.ADS仿真结果表明,电路工作在2.4 GHz、偏离中心频率600 kHz的情况下相位噪声为-115.4 dBc/Hz,在1.8 V电源下功耗仅为2.9 mW,输出信号的相位误差小于0.19°.结果还表明相对于目前流行的QVCO结构,提出的结构实现了低相位误差、低功耗、高FoM值.     

超低电压正交压控振荡器设计

提出一种新的低压正交压控振荡器(QVCO)结构,该结构由两个完全相同的低压压控振荡器经过背栅耦合方式实现.背栅耦合方式使压控振荡器实现正交的输出时钟并且降低了功耗和输出相位噪声.该设计中的QVCO电路采用中芯国际0.13μm 1P8M标准CMOS工艺,可以工作在0.35V的电源电压下,总的功耗为1.75mW,输出时钟频率为5.34GHz,偏离主频1MHz处的相位噪声为-110.5dBc/Hz,对应该相位噪声的FOM(FigureOf-Merit)为-182.62dBc/Hz,频率调谐范围为4.92~5.34GHz.该QVCO可以在更低的电源电压下实现低的相位噪声,且拥有较高的FOM值.     

一种4.224GHz正交压控振荡器的设计

设计了一种应用于MB-OFDM UWB射频频率综合器的工作于4.224GHz的正交压控振荡器(QVCO),并采用0.18μm RF-CMOS工艺进行了设计实现.该Qvco通过改进结构能够得到更好的相位噪声.通过改变MOS变容管的接入方法实现了更好的压控增益线性度,并采用了新的低寄生电容、低导通电阻的数控电容阵列结构来补偿工艺变化带来的频率变化.测试结果表明,该QV-CO在4.224GHz附近的100kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-90.4dBc/Hz,1MHz频偏处的相位噪声为-116.7dBc/Hz,整个QVCO电路功耗为10.55mW,电源电压为1.8V.     

一种4.224GHz正交压控振荡器的设计

设计了一种应用于MB-OFDM UWB射频频率综合器的工作于4.224GHz的正交压控振荡器(QVCO),并采用0.18μm RF-CMOS工艺进行了设计实现.该Qvco通过改进结构能够得到更好的相位噪声.通过改变MOS变容管的接入方法实现了更好的压控增益线性度,并采用了新的低寄生电容、低导通电阻的数控电容阵列结构来补偿工艺变化带来的频率变化.测试结果表明,该QV-CO在4.224GHz附近的100kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-90.4dBc/Hz,1MHz频偏处的相位噪声为-116.7dBc/Hz,整个QVCO电路功耗为10.55mW,电源电压为1.8V.     

低功耗低噪声正交压控振荡器设计

设计了一种用于WLAN 802.11 n收发机频率合成器的新颖低功耗、低相位噪声正交输出LC电压控制振荡器(QVCO)。电路设计中使用了Cadence IC5.033和ADS2004软件以及TSMC0.18μm CMOS工艺模型库,电路依靠并联的耦合支路相互作用使两个独立压控振荡器输出相位成正交,采用PMOS并联耦合支路和开关控制偏置两种新技术降低了VCO的相位噪声,其仿真结果为1 MHz频偏处-128.6 dBc/Hz和10 kHz频偏处-84 dBc/Hz。采用数字电容阵列提高了QVCO的频率调谐范围,QVCO的频率范围仿真结果为3.1 GHz~4.1 GHz。QVCO的电源电压为1.8 V,功耗17 mW。实现了低功耗正交输出压控振荡器,同时通过新颖的电路设计技术改善了相位噪声,改变了正交输出LC压控振荡器高噪声的传统观念,为今后在正交输出LC压控振荡器的设计提供了一些参考。     

超宽带无线收发机中的正交LC VCO设计

基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计了一种可应用于MB-OFDM UWB无线收发机的宽带正交压控振荡器(QV-CO,Quadrature VCO).在研究VCO的相位噪声理论的基础上,采用了优化噪声的电路结构.此外,鉴于片上螺旋电感在VCO设计中的重要性,采用了一种快速选取工艺库螺旋电感的方法.仿真结果显示,QVCO的频率调谐范围为3.4～4.5 GHz,在1 MHz频率偏移处,相位噪声小于-119.6 dBc/Hz.在1.8 V电源电压下,电路总功耗为27 mw.     

基于自注入耦合技术的超低相位噪声QVCO

基于标准0.18μm CMOS工艺,提出并验证了一种改进的用于多相位振荡器的耦合方法。将一种先进的自注入耦合(SIC)技术,用于耦合两个电流复用差分压控振荡器(VCO)。相比较于传统的并联耦合正交VCO(QVCO)而言,所提出的采用SIC技术的QVCO在没有增加功耗的前提下,表现出了更低的相位噪声。所提出的SIC-QVCO在16.41GHz振荡频率下,相位噪声为-119.7dBc/Hz@1MHz,并且调谐范围高达1.66GHz,直流电源电压和电流分别为1.8V和5.28mA,芯片尺寸为0.3mm×0.9mm。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.