PM法制备Sm2Fe17Nx永磁材料最佳工艺的研究

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了各向异性Sm2Fe17Nx永磁粉末.重点考查了工艺参数对Sm2Fe17合金的显微组织及Sm2Fe17Nx粉末磁特性的影响.结果表明,铸态合金的均匀化、粉末的氮化以及粉碎过程是获得高性能磁粉的关键因素.采用优化工艺条件制备的磁粉的磁特性为Jr=1.24T,iHc=756kA/m,(BH)max=220kJ/m3.     

Sm2Fe17Nx永磁材料的研究进展

综述了目前Sm2Fe17Nx化合物及Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉的制备方法，以及Sm2Fe17Nx化合物渗氮过程的条件选择．并进一步指出了Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉的发展现状和趋势。     

HDDR处理的Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx化合物高能球磨的研究

在用HDDR法制备Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx氮化物过程中,研究了高能球磨对氮化物粉末的形貌、物相结构及磁性能的影响.发现高能球磨Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx氮化物使粉末颗粒细化的过程可描述为大粉末颗粒→压延成层片状→断裂成短棒状及球形颗粒→压延成层片状→断裂成球形小颗粒,并在球磨一定时间后使粉末中的Sm2(FeTi)17Nx主相完全非晶化,α-Fe含量增高且没有非晶化.球磨后粉末的矫顽力随着球磨时间的延长而降低,而剩磁在球磨短时间时降低,再延长球磨时间又增高,在球磨较长时间到Sm2(FeTi)17Nx主相完全非晶化后又使剩磁降低,最高磁场下的磁化强度值则随着球磨时间的延长而增加.手研磨后粉末的矫顽力随研磨时间的延长而逐渐升高而剩磁及最高场下磁化强度值变化不大.     

合金元素对Sm2Fe17Nx微观结构和性能的影响

综述了合金元素的添加对Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的微观结构以及性能的影响.介绍了取代元素的分类,从理论和研究现状等方面分析和总结了合金元素对Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的热稳定性、磁性能以及工艺性能的影响规律,并对今后Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究和开发提出了建议.     

合金元素对Sm2Fe17Nx微观结构和性能的影响

综述了合金元素的添加对Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的微观结构以及性能的影响。介绍了取代元素的分类，从理论和研究现状等方面分析和总结了合金元素对Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的热稳定性、磁性能以及工艺性能的影响规律，并对今后Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究和开发提出了建议。     

Sm2Fe17和Sm10.5Fe88.5Zr1.0的氮化行为

通过真空电弧炉制备了Sm2Fe17和Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0母合金，铸态Sm2Fe17先经均匀化处理后再氮化．而Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0则不经均匀化退火而直接在高纯氮气中氮化。运用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术对其氮化行为进行了研究。薄片扩散实验表明氮在Sm2Fe17中的扩散要比在Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0中的扩散快。运用Fick第二定律通过理论计算得出直径为20μm的Sm2Fe17合金和Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1.0合金球形粉末粒子，实现充分氮化的时间为10h和16h。实际粉末实现完全氮化的时间要比理论计算的时间少。这和粒径分布、颗粒表面状态、氮化过程产生的微裂纹以及实际条件和理想条件的差异有关。对于直径为20μm的粉末，氮化时间为6h时氮化已基本完成，氮化时间过长．Sm2Fe17Nx会发生分解。     

高性能Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉制备关键技术研究

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了Sm2Fe17Nx永磁粉末,研究了工艺参数对Sm2Fe17合金的显微组织及Sm2Fe17Nx粉末磁特性的影响。结果表明,铸态合金的均匀化、粉末的氮化以及粉碎过程是获得高性能磁粉的关键因素。采用最佳工艺条件制备的磁粉的磁特性为：4πMr=1．24T．iHc=756kA／m,(BH)max=220kJ／m^3。     

制备Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁粉的工艺研究现状

综述了制备Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁粉的主要方法，指出对现有工艺的深入研究与不断改进，开发新工艺，开创新技术，探索出一条成熟的，经济实用的生产工艺线路，对获得高性能的Sm2Fe17Nx磁体，并使之成为具有竞争力的第四代稀土永磁体，有相当重要的意义，此外还对如何控制工艺中影响Sm2Fe17Nx磁性能的一些主要因素做了简要分析。     

Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx/α-Fe双相纳米磁性材料的微结构与磁性能

研究了熔体快淬工艺及添加元素Ti对Sm-Fe合金相的形成及结构的影响,成功制备了Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx/α-Fe双相纳米耦合永磁材料.研究发现,快淬薄带由Sm3(Fe,Ti)29和α-Fe两相组成,晶化前在纳米晶周围存在部分非晶相,晶化后的晶粒间晶界平直光滑、且晶粒间结合紧密没有界面相,为晶粒间直接接触耦合.对甩带后的样品采用750℃保温10min的晶化退火得到的颗粒比较细小且均匀.氮化磁粉磁滞回线的第二象限没有出现明显的台阶,表现为单相永磁材料的特点,说明硬磁相Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx与软磁相α-Fe晶粒之间的交换耦合作用已形成.     

纳米晶Sm_2Co_(17)型块体永磁的制备及磁性能

制备了两种2∶17R型Sm-Co合金:Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17和纯二元Sm2Co17,并利用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了致密的纳米晶块体合金,研究了其磁性能和相结构的变化。Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17具有较高的矫顽力,而纯二元Sm2Co17矫顽力基本为零。但高能球磨可快速降低Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17合金的矫顽力。利用放电等离子烧结非晶粉末制备了纳米晶块体合金,纯二元Sm2Co17合金具有较高的矫顽力,并且具有1∶7H相结构。而Sm2(Fe,Cu,Zr,Co)17合金则因为Fe-Co相及Sm2O3相的析出,具有较高的饱和磁化强度和极低的矫顽力。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.