矢量图像分割的快速C-V模型

为了实现对矢量图像快速有效的分割,在分析矢量图像颜色、空间信息和水平集函数特性的基础上,对主动轮廓分割模型进行了改进,提出一种免重新初始化的矢量图像分割模型.在C-V(Chan-Vese)模型中引入了非线性热方程的符号距离函数的约束项,通过对非线性热方程传导率的均衡化使水平集函数始终保持符号距离函数的特性,完全取消比较...     

应用改进的C-V模型分割牛肉眼肌图像

牛肉眼肌图像的分割是牛肉自动分级的重要步骤。基于水平集的C-V模型采用两个具有不同均值的分块连续区域分割图像,在迭代过程中,为了约束水平集保持为符号距离函数,必须对其进行重新初始化,大大增加了计算量,降低了曲线演化速度。为此,通过加入边缘检测函数和惩罚项因子,提出了改进的C-V水平集模型,并用于牛肉图像分割,同时与模糊C均值聚类、阈值分割法进行了对比。结果表明:采用改进的C-V模型对牛肉图像进行分割,准确提取了眼肌边缘,分割出了脂肪和肌肉区域,准确率高;曲线演化过程中无需对水平集函数符号初始化,加快了曲线演化速度。     

梯度向量场通量能量驱动的主动轮廓模型

提出了一种基于梯度向量场通量能量的水平集图像分割算法.通过加入约束符号距离函数的能量项,并极小化该能量函数得到的变分表达式主要具有4条优于传统主动轮廓模型的优点.一是可以克服分割弱边界目标的困难;二是水平集函数不但可以灵活初始化,而且可避免在演化过程中重新初始化为符号距离甬数;三是水平集函数数值化可采用简单的有限差分方法,计算效率得到了极大的提高;四是仅用一个初始轮廓就可以自动检测带孑L目标的内轮廓.对合成和真实图像的分割结果表明:对弱边界目标和灰度分布不均目标的分割效果分别优于测地线模型(GAC)和C-V主动轮廓模型.     

基于区域GAC模型的二值化水平集图像分割算法

针对测地线主动轮廓(GAC)模型进行了改进,提出了一种基于区域的GAC模型.通过构造基于区域统计信息的符号压力函数取代边界停止函数,有效解决了弱边界目标或离散状边界目标的分割问题.该模型采用二值化水平集方法实现,避免了传统实现方法水平集函数需要重新初始化为符号距离函数,从而导致稳定性差、计算量大、实现复杂等缺点.对不同类型图像的试验结果表明:该算法迭代收敛速度比GAC模型传统实现方法明显加快,且可有效防止边界泄漏,分割效果优于传统GAC模型与C-V模型.     

基于Chan-Vese水平集的梯度加速分割模型

为了提高图像分割的速度和精度,提出了一种新的基于Chan-Vese水平集模型(C-V模型)的梯度加速分割模型.首先,在C-V模型的能量函数中加入一个内部能量项,抵消演化过程中水平集函数和符号距离函数的偏差,从而消除分割中周期性重新初始化的过程;其次,提出了梯度加速项,通过感兴趣区域的图像特征,快速得到该区域的边界,且能够提高弱边界的分割精度.实验证明,提出的方法不仅能够加速特定区域的分割、提高分割精度,还能保持分割过程的稳定性.     

LCV模型在医学图像分割中的应用

针对C-V模型不能充分利用图像局部区域灰度变化信息从而导致难以准确分割灰度不均物体等缺陷,提出一种基于局部区域的C-V(LCV)模型。利用计算局部窗函数内的加权灰度均值来取代全局均值,并加入约束水平集函数为符号距离函数的能量项,从而避免水平集函数的重新初始化。对医学图像的分割结果证明LCV模型在分割灰度不均物体方面优于C-V模型,其分割效率高于LBF模型。     

改进的分级多相图像分割模型及其快速实现

提出一种基于分级C-V模型的改进的快速图像分割算法.针对现有的多相水平集图像分割算法存在的问题,本文从曲线演化方程的平均曲率项、水平集函数Φ的狄拉克(Dirac)函数δ(Φ)等方面进行改进,并引入了一个非线性扩散方程对图像进行预处理,从而优化组合了分级C-V模型的全局特性.实验结果表明,改进的图像分割模型不仅保留了原有方法的优势,而且提高了对多目标图像分割算法的速度与精度,同时也可以有效解决具有弱边界物体的分割问题.     

基于改进符号距离函数的变分水平集图像分割算法

为保证水平集图像分割算法的稳定性,传统水平集方法常采用重新初始化的方法或引入符号距离函数,但这两种方法存在计算量大或计算不稳定的问题.因此,提出一种基于改进符号距离函数的变分水平集图像分割算法.首先,改进已有的Double-Well型符号距离函数约束项,改进后的约束项可避免重新初始化、提高计算效率,同时也能更好地保证水平集函数演化过程的稳定.然后,利用基于全局灰度信息和局部灰度信息的活动轮廓模型构造能量泛函,该能量函数继承了全局模型和局部模型的优点,可驱动水平集函数准确演化至目标边界,且可动态调整组合权重.最后,引入高斯卷积运算,加快演化速度同时也对水平集函数起到平滑的作用.对人工合成和自然图像的数值实验及与同类模型的对比实验证明,提出的模型具有较高的分割准确度及对噪声和初始轮廓的鲁棒性.     

一种全局优化的水平集图像分割方法

该文对Chan—Vese提出的水平集图像分割算法进行了改进，提出了分段光滑的Mumford—Shah全局优化的水平集图像分割模型，并对偏微分方程进行了修正，以提高模型的图像分割能力。实验表明，该方法不但解决了C—V方法对于灰度值渐进图像无法正确分割的问题，同时可更精确地描述原图像，是一种高效、稳定的图像分割模型。另外，针对水平集方法中符号距离函数构造计算量大的问题，还提出一种全邻域源点扫描法，以便通过对图像平面网格点的扫描来实现距离函数的快速计算，这种方法不仅计算性能稳定，而且速度快、精度高。     

基于水平集方法的航拍图像运动分割

针对航拍图像由于受噪声和光照影响导致分割精度差问题,将一种改进的C-V水平集方法引入到航拍图像运动分割中.首先对C-V模型作了改进,通过引入新的能量项使改进方法无需重新初始化符号距离函数,在保证分割精度的同时提高了分割速度;其次对水平集函数的偏微分方程进行改进,消除了原始C-V方法对远离实际边缘的轮廓曲线进化的抑制作用.实验结果显示,改进方法能有效地分割出航拍图像中的运动目标,在初始轮廓线远离目标实际轮廓时也能够正确分割,并能更好地满足实时性的要求.改进方法具有分割精度高,耗时少的优点,可用于航拍图像运动目标检测跟踪系统.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.