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丙交酯与聚乳酸的合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以D,L-乳酸为单体,氧化锌为催化剂,将乳酸合成D,L丙交酯;再以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,使丙交酯单体开环聚合制备聚乳酸。结果表明,乳酸在130℃、氧化锌质量分数为1.1%时,其粗产品产率大于60%;丙交酯聚合时,辛酸亚锡用量为0.02 mL时,聚合温度为160℃,常压聚合5 h即可得到粘均分子质量为6.0×104的聚乳酸;测试结果表明丙交酯在辛酸亚锡作用下发生了开环反应。 相似文献
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丙交酯及聚乳酸的合成条件研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以D, L-乳酸为单体、氧化锌为催化剂,使乳酸先缩聚后解聚制备了D, L-丙交酯;再以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,使丙交酯单体开环本体聚合制备了聚乳酸.考察了乳酸脱水温度、氧化锌用量对丙交酯收率的影响;考察了聚合温度、辛酸亚锡用量对聚乳酸相对分子质量的影响;用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振光谱( 1H-NMR)对丙交酯及聚乳酸的结构进行了表征.结果表明,乳酸在130℃、氧化锌质量分数为1.3%时,仅用3h就可制得丙交酯,且其收率大于24%;丙交酯聚合时,当n(单体)/n(辛酸亚锡)= 5000、聚合温度在160℃时,常压聚合5h即可得到粘均分子质量为6.3×104的聚乳酸;IR、 1H-NMR测试结果表明环状丙交酯在辛酸亚锡催化剂作用下发生了开环反应.聚乳酸在氢氧化钠水溶液中降解实验表明,聚乳酸具有很好的降解性,在碱溶液中降解速度较快. 相似文献
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D,L-丙交酯在有机锡化合物四苯基锡(Ph4Sn)、三正丁基醋酸锡(Bu3SnOAc)、辛酸亚锡(SnOct2)等催化剂引发下开环聚合,得到高分子量的聚D,L-乳酸,讨论了聚合单体D,L-丙交酯纯度、聚合温度、聚合时间、聚合体系真空度以及引发剂有机锡催化剂与聚合单体D,L-丙交酯的比例对聚D,L-乳酸合成的影响,通过红外光谱和核磁共振光谱对聚D,L-乳酸的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,D,L-丙交酯开环聚合反应的较佳工艺路线是:D,L-丙交酯重结晶5次,聚合温度140℃,聚合时间24 h,聚合体系真空度13.3~133.3 Pa,引发剂有机锡催化剂与单体D,L-丙交酯比例0.2‰~0.5‰,此时聚D,L-乳酸的粘均分子量最高,分别达到32.46×104,33.43×104和41.36×104。 相似文献
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聚乳酸中间体——丙交酯制备工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了间接法合成聚乳酸用的中间体丙交酯的制备工艺。以工业D,L-乳酸(lacticacid)为原料,丙交酯粗产物的收率为考查指标,通过正交实验得到了最佳制备工艺条件为:以4%(v/v)的辛酸亚锡为催化剂,脱水温度为180℃,解聚温度为285℃,得到粗产物收率为72.4%。粗品丙交酯1次重结晶后收率为59.3%,熔点为95.0~96.2℃;5次重结晶后总收率为50.7%,熔点为125.2~126.5℃。同时采用FTIR与1HNMR对产物进行了结构表征。 相似文献
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首先以L-乳酸为原料,合成了L-丙交酯。考察了解聚温度对L-丙交酯产率的影响。结果表明,当解聚温度超过235℃时,丙交酯的构型发生变化,所得产物为现.丙交酯;然后以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,以开环聚合的方法合成了聚L-乳酸,研究了催化剂的用量、聚合时间、聚合温度对聚L-乳酸摩尔质量的影响。 相似文献
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链转移剂对D,L-乳酸聚合的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用两步法合成了聚D,L-乳酸,即以D,L-乳酸为原料。先制得高纯度聚合单体丙交酯,再以辛酸亚锡为引发剂,月桂醇为链转移剂(即相对分子质量调节剂),高真空条件下开环聚合制得了一系列不同相对分子质量的乳酸均聚物。分别以引发剂用量、链转移剂用量、聚合温度和聚合时间为因素进行正交实验设计,确定了制备较高相对分子质量聚乳酸的反应条件:辛酸亚锡质量分数为0.1%,月桂醇质量分数为0.04%,聚合温度为130℃,聚合时间为10h。在170℃下,考察了链转移剂用量对聚乳酸相对分子质量的影响.得到了聚乳酸相对分子质量与链转移剂用量的定量关系式。用凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等对聚乳酸的结构和性质进行了表征。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献