La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)的合成及热化学研究

研究由七水氯化镧与水杨酸、8-羟基喹啉反应合成镧与水杨酸、8-羟基喹啉多元混合配合物,并对该配合物进行表征.测定该合成反应的标准摩尔反应焓以及配合物的标准摩尔生成焓.通过红外光谱、元素分析、摩尔电导率、差热热重分析以及化学分析等方法来确定配合物的组成.应用溶解量热法分别测定了七水氯化镧、水杨酸、8-羟基喹啉和配合物在298.15 K、混合量热溶剂(VDMFVEtOHVHClO4=110.5)中的标准摩尔溶解焓.通过设计热化学循环,根据盖斯定律计算了合成反应的标准摩尔反应焓以及配合物的标准摩尔生成焓.该配合物的分子式是La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO).各物质的溶解焓分别为△sH(I○)mLaCl3·7H2O(s),298.15 K]=-96.45±0.18 kJ·mol-1,△sH(I○)m[2 C7H6O3(s),298.15 K]=14.99±0.17 kJ·ml-1,△SH(I○)m[C9H7NO(s),298.15 K]=-3.86±0.06kJ·mdl-1及△S(I○)m[La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s),298.15K]=-117.78±0.11kJ·mol-1.反应LaCl3·7H2O(s)+2C7H6O3(s)+C9H7NO(s)=La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s)+3HCl(g)+7H2O(1)的标准摩尔反应焓为91.57±0.33 kJ·mol-1.La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H7NO)(s)的标准摩尔生成焓为△sH(I○)m[La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s),298.15 K]=-2076.5±3.9 kJ·mol-1.     

La_2O_3/La_2O_2CO_3纳米复合材料的凝胶燃烧法合成

采用燃烧法合成了纳米La2O3/La2O2CO3复合材料,以六水合硝酸镧和一水合柠檬酸分别为镧源和络合剂,以氨水调节p H值,p H=2~4、柠檬酸与硝酸镧的摩尔比在1.0~1.2∶1.0之间,将得到的凝胶加热到一定温度发生自蔓延燃烧反应,燃烧反应产物在600~700℃煅烧1~2 h,得到膨松粉末状纳米La2O3/La2O2CO3复合产物。煅烧温度和恒温煅烧时间不同,得到不同粒径和组分比例的纳米La2O3/La2O2CO3复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)和透射扫描电镜(TEM)等测试方法对凝胶热分解过程产物及最终形成的纳米La2O3/La2O2CO3复合产物粉体进行了分析和表征,产物的平均粒径在30~100 nm之间可控。纳米La2O3/La2O2CO3复合产物中的纳米La2O3在空气中具有不稳定性,极易与空气中的H2O发生反应生成La(OH)3,生成了La(OH)3/La2O2CO3复合产物,而产物在650℃煅烧2 h后即可完全转化为La2O3/La2O2CO3复合产物,说明这个过程是可逆的。     

真空碳热还原制备碳氧钛的动力学研究

采用非等温固相模型对碳热还原TiO2历程和动力学条件进行研究。结果表明,真空碳热还原TiO2可分为四个阶段,第一阶段(1 373~1 523K)主要物相为C和TinO2n-1(n≥5),第二阶段(1 523~1 673K)主要物相为C、TiC0.5O0.5和TinO2n-1(2≤n≤4),第三阶段(1 673~1 833K)主要物相为C、Ti2O3和TiC0.5O0.5,第四阶段(1 833~1 973K)主要物相为TiC0.5O0.5;第一阶段动力学方程为α2=kt,受一维扩散控制,表观活化能为113.55kJ/mol,第二阶段动力学方程为(1-α)-1-1=kt,受二级化学反应控制,温度对还原率影响较大,表观活化能为303.36 kJ/mol,第三阶段动力学方程为2[(1-α)-1/2-1]=kt,受1.5级化学反应控制,还原剂不足对反应影响较大,表观活化能为53.93kJ/mol,第四阶段动力学方程为1-2α/3-(1-α)2/3=kt,受三维扩散控制,物料疏松成为晶核长大的限制环节,表观活化能为99.22kJ/mol。     

高分子凝胶网络法制备La0.65Sr0.35MnO3及光催化性能

以Sr(NO3)2,La(NO3)3·6H2O,Mn(NO3)2为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法在600 ℃下制得纳米La0.65Sr0.35MnO3.通过XRD物相分析,得知La0.65Sr0.35MnO3粒子样品的物相是立方晶系钙钛矿结构;La0.65Sr0.35MnO3粒子平均粒径为17 nm.水溶液中亚甲基蓝染料在La0.65Sr0.35MnO3太阳光催化条件下,能迅速分解,在降解120 min时,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到92%.     

Viscosities of ternary systems Y（NO_3）_3＋La（NO_3）_3＋H_2O,La（NO_3）_3＋Ce（NO_3）_3＋H_2O,La（NO_3）_3＋Nd（NO_3）_3＋H_2O and their binary subsystems at different temperatures

Viscosities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO3)3+La(NO3)3+H2O, La(NO3)3+Ce(NO3)3+H2O, and La(NO3)3+Nd(NO3)3+ H2O and their binary subsystems Y(NO3)3+H2O, La(NO3)3+H2O, Ce(NO3)3+H2O, and Nd(NO3)3+H2O at 293.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K. The results were used to test the applicability of simple equations for the viscosity of the mixed solutions. The predictions agreed well with measured values, implying that the viscosities of the examined electrolyte solutions could be related to those of their constituent binary solutions using these simple equations.     

硝酸钕丙氨酸配合物及其配离子的标准生成焓

采用新型反应热量计 ,以溶解量热法分别测定了 2 98.15 K时 [Nd(NO3 ) 3 · 6 H2 O(s) 4 Ala(s) ]和 [Nd(Ala) 4(NO3 ) 3 · H2 O(s) 5 H2 O(l) ]在 2 m ol· L- 1 HCl溶剂中的溶解焓。通过设计的热化学循环得到六水硝酸钕与丙氨酸固相配位反应的反应焓△ r Hθm=2 8.985 k J· mol- 1 ,并计算出配合物 Nd(Ala) 4(NO3 ) 3 · H2 O在 2 98.15 K时的标准生成焓△ f Hθm[Nd(Ala) 4(NO3 ) 3 · H2 O,s,2 98.15 K]=- 386 3.9k J· m ol- 1 。测定 2 98.15 K时 Nd(Ala) 4(NO3 ) 3 · H2 O(s)在水中的溶解焓 ,计算出配离子 Nd(Ala) 43 (aq)在 2 98.15 K时的标准生成焓△ f Hθm[Nd(Ala) 43 ,aq,2 98.15 K ]=- 2 92 8.5 k J· mol- 1 。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LAMO/Ni_2Z复合粉体的微波吸收特性

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺首先制备La0.85Ag0.15MnO3和(Ba0.7Sr0.3)3Ni2Fe24O41的前驱体,经煅烧制得由钙钛矿结构的La0.85Ag0.15MnO3稀土锰氧化物和Z型六角铁氧体(Ba0.7Sr0.3)3Ni2Fe24O41组成的复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分别分析其微结构和形貌;使用矢量网络分析仪系统测量该复合材料的微波电磁参数和吸波性能,并对影响其微波吸收性能的主要因素及作用机理进行研究与分析。结果表明:1 250℃的煅烧温度下,La0.85Ag0.15MnO3含量(质量分数)为40%的复合材料的微波吸收峰值达-30 dB,在2~18 GHz频段小于-10 dB的吸收频宽为3.9 GHz,微波吸收性能明显优于La0.85Ag0.15MnO3单相材料和Z型六角铁氧体(Ba0.7Sr0.3)3Ni2Fe24O41单相材料;复合材料中存在介电损耗和磁损耗共存与协同作用,以及界面效应和磁电耦合作用,有利于介电常数调控和阻抗匹配优化,从而提高微波吸收性能。     

溶胶凝胶法制备Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2-x)Sr_xO_(2-δ)电解质材料及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)电解质材料Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2-x)Sr_xO_(2-δ)(x=0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08),并通过红外光谱、热重-差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、交流阻抗等对试样进行分析表征。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法经700℃煅烧所得粉体呈现单相立方萤石结构,平均晶粒尺寸在8 nm~19 nm之间;溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2-x)Sr_xO_(2-δ)具有较高的烧结活性,经1400℃烧结2 h后材料的相对密度均大于98%。电化学性能研究显示,Y、Sr双掺杂能提高CeO_2基电解质的电性能,其中Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.16)Sr_(0.04)O_(1.88)在中温条件下具有良好的离子导电率、适中的电导活化能。Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.16)Sr_(0.04)O_(1.8)在800℃时的离子电导率为0.039 S/cm,电导活化能为0.86 eV。     

三元配合物[RE(Gly)4(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3(RE=La,Pr)的热化学研究

利用自行研制的新型恒温环境反应量热计,以2mol·L-1HCl做溶剂,分别测定了LaCl3·7H2O、PrCl3·6H2O、[La(Gly)4(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3、[Pr(Gly)4(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3、Im、NaClO4、Gly、NaCl在298.15K时的溶解焓,再通过设计的热化学循环求得化学反应的摩尔反应焓,利用这些结果和其它辅助数据,计算出两种配合物的标准摩尔生成焓分别为:ΔfH m{[Prm{[La(Gly)4(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3,s}=-3459.3±0.2kJ·mol-1;ΔfH (Gly)4(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3,s}=-3460.63±0.18kJ·mol-1。     

CL-P204萃淋树脂吸萃铟(Ⅲ)的离子交换动力学

为确定CL P2 0 4萃淋树脂 (内含二 ( 2 乙基己基 )磷酸萃取剂 )在硫酸介质内吸萃铟 (Ⅲ )过程中In3+ H+ 的离子交换动力学 ,以有限浴法考察了影响In3+ H+ 进行离子交换的三个因素 :温度、树脂的粒度和铟 (Ⅲ )离子的浓度。结果表明 ,在实验范围内 ,其交换速度随温度的升高、铟 (Ⅲ )离子浓度的增大和树脂粒度的减小而增大。根据Body理论模型可推知 :粒内扩散是CL P2 0 4萃淋树脂在硫酸介质中吸萃铟 (Ⅲ )过程中In3+ H+ 交换的主控步骤。求得了In3+ H+ 离子交换过程中铟 (Ⅲ )离子在树脂上扩散的有效扩散常数、表观扩散活化能和活化熵 ,分别为 1 5 7× 10 - 1 0 m2 ·s- 1 ,11 9kJ·mol- 1 ,-84 1J·(mol·K) - 1 。     

锂空气电池固体电解质Li_(1+x)Al_xTi_(2-x)(PO_4)_3的制备研究

以Li_2CO_3、Al_2O_3、TiO_2、NH_4H_2PO_4为原料,采用固相烧结法制备锂空气电池固体电解质Li_(1+x)Al_xTi_(2-x)(PO_4)_3(LATP),研究了不同x值、不同烧结温度对电解质性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对所制备电解质的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明在x值等于0.2时得到纯相的LATP,最佳烧结工艺是350℃保温2 h,600℃保温2 h,1 000℃保温8 h,室温下的电导率为4.89×10~(-5)S/cm。     

Thermal conductivity of （Sm1-xLax）2Zr2O7 （x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1） oxides for advanced thermal barrier coatings

Pyrochlore oxides of general compositions, A2Zr2O7, where A is a 3+ cation (La to Lu), are promising candidate materials for ap-plications as high temperature thermal barrier coatings because of their high melting points, high thermal expansion coefficients, and low thermal conductivities. In this study, oxides of Sm2Zr2O7, (Sm0.75La0.25)2Zr2O7, (Sm0.5 La0.5)2Zr2O7, (Sm0.25La0.75)2Zr2O7 and La2Zr2O7 were prepared by solid reactions at 1600 ℃ for 10 h using Sm2O3, La2O3 and ZrO2 as the reactants. The phase compositions of these ceramic ma-terials were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods, respectively. The micro-structure was observed by scanning electronl microscope (SEM). The thermal conductivities of these ceramic materials were measured using laser-flash method. XRD and FT-IR results showed that pure ceramic materials with pyrochlore structure were prepared successfully. SEM results indicated that microstructures of these ceramic materials were dense and grain boundaries were very clean. The La2O3 doped Sm2Zr2O7 pyrochlores (Sm0.75 La0.25)2Zr2O7 and (Sm0.5 La0.5)2Zr2O7 had lower thermal conductivity than the undoped Sm2Zr2O7. The thermal conductivity of (Sm0.25La0.75)2Zr2O7 was found to be lower than that of La2Zr2O7. The results showed that these ceramic materials had the poten-tial to be used as candidate materials for TBCs.     

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline La1-xSrxCrO3 by Sol-Gel Method

The nanocrystalline La1-xSrxCrO3 was prepared by sol-gel method using La( NO3 )3 · 6H2O, Sr( NO3 )2 and respectively. The phase transformation from dry-gel to crystal was investigated by means of TG, DSC and XRD. Influences of temperature and Sr quantity on particle-diameters were observed by HREM. The experimental results show that the best calcined temperature is near 800 ℃. The particle-diameters decrease with the increase of Sr quantity. The chromite phase formed continuously during crystallization process, which is mainly composed of four steps: ( 1 ) Carbonates first formed by decomposing metal citrates. (2) The decomposition of carbonates occurred metal oxides. (3) La0. 9Sr0.1 CrO4 were synthesized by the reaction of metal oxides. (4) Chromite phase formed lastly due to the decomposition of chromate phase.     

Study on Electrolytes (CeO_2 )_( 0.7-x) (MO) _x (La_2O_3)_(0.3)(M=Mg,Ca, Sr)

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｓ（ＣｅＯ_２）_（０．７－ｘ）（ＭＯ）_ｘ（Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３）_（０．３）（Ｍ＝Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ）ＣｈｅｎＧｕａｎｇｙｕ（陈广玉），ＬｉｕＪｉａｎｇ（刘江），ＨｅＬａｎｙｉｎｇ（何岚鹰），ＳｕＷｅｎｈｕｉ（苏文辉），Ｈｕ...     

Synthesis kinetics and thermophysical properties of La_2（Zr_（0.7）Ce_（0.3））_2O_7 ceramic for thermal barrier coatings

La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 (LZ7C3) ceramic was synthesized by solid state reaction with La2O3, ZrO2 and CeO2 as starting materials. The synthesis kinetics, phase structure, mass loss and microstructure were studied by thermo gravimetric-different thermal analyzer (TG-DTA), X-ray difference (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient were measured by laser-flash method and pushing-rod method, respectively. XRD results showed that LZ7C3 was a mixture of La2Zr2O7 (LZ, pyro- chlore) and La2Ce2O7 (LC, fluorite). The lowest synthesis temperature and time of LZ7C3 were 1400 oC and 5 h. There were no peaks of La2O3 when the powder granularity was about 0.82 μm in the synthesis process. The atom ratio La:Zr:Ce of prepared LZ7C3 powder was very close to 10:7:3 which was the theory value of LZ7C3. The thermal conductivity of LZ7C3 decreased gradually with the temperature increased up to 1200 oC, and was located within 0.79 to 1.02 W/(m·K), which was almost 50% lower than that of LZ, whereas its thermal expansion coefficient was larger and the value was 11.6×10-6 K-1.     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Zn2Ti3O8 Nanocrystallite Powders Prepared Using the Hydrothermal Process

This paper examines the phase transformation and microstructure of Zn₂Ti₃O₈ nanocrystallite powders prepared using the hydrothermal process that includes TiCl₄ and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O as the initial materials. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction, nanobeam electron diffraction, and high resolution TEM were utilized to characterize the transition behavior of zinc titanate precursor powders after calcination. Nanocrystalline Zn₂Ti₃O₈ powders with a size range of about 5.0 to 8.0 nm were obtained when the precursor powders were calcined at 773 K (500 °C) for 1 hour. When the zinc titanate precursor powders were calcined at 1073 K (800 °C) for 1 hour, the cubic crystal of Zn₂Ti₃O₈ with a _o = 0.8399 ± 0.0003 nm still remained the predominant crystalline phase and the crystallite size increased to 20.0 nm. In addition, ZnTiO₃ phase first appeared because of the 13.8 pct of Zn₂Ti₃O₈ decomposition when the zinc titanate precursor powders were calcined at 1073 K (800 °C) for 1 hour. When the zinc titanate precursor powders were calcined at 1073 K (800 °C) for 9 hours, the Zn₂Ti₃O₈ crystallites grew continuously to 80.0 nm and enhanced the crystallinity. When the precursor powders were calcined at 1273 K (1000 °C) for 1 hour, Zn₂TiO₄ crystallites with a _o = 0.8461 ± 0.0002 nm were the predominant crystalline phase.     

共沉淀法制备稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(Ln=Y, Ce, Yb)

以Y2O3、Yb2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,NH4HCO3、NH3.H2O做复合沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备纳米稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(LnAG,Ln=Y,Ce,Yb)粉体。用TG/DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对LnAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法在1 000℃煅烧3h可得到分散性好、形状规则且粒径为50nm左右的Y3Al5O12、Yb3Al5O12、Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12石榴石粉体,但不能得到Ce3Al5O12石榴石,合成石榴石粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1 050℃以上。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a 4f-3d Complex [La(DMF)_6(H_2O)_3][Cr(CN)_6]·2H_2O

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｉｎ ｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｌａｎｔｈａｎｉｄｅ(Ⅲ )ｈｅｘａｃｙａｎｏｆｅｒｒａｔｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅａｎａｌｏｇｏｕｓｃｏｂａｌｔ(Ⅲ )ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ(Ⅲ )ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｓｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃ ,ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ ,ａｎｄｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｍａｔｅ ｒｉａｌｓ[1～ 4] .Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｒｅｅ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏ…     

Synthesis and Electrical Properties of La0.8Sr0.2-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3-δ

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