直链重烷基苯磺酸盐的驱油能力研究

研究了所合成的各种结构的直链烷基苯磺酸盐单剂及其复配体系在不同碱质量分数情况下对大庆四厂油／水界面张力情况。结果表明；对同一碳链长度的直链烷基苯磺酸盐，带甲基的比带乙基、异丙基和苯环上不带取代基的烷基苯磺酸盐降低界面张力的能力强；同样结构的十六碳链长的烷基苯磺酸盐又较其他碳链长度的烷基苯磺酸盐效果更优；长、短碳链的带甲基的直链烷基苯磺酸盐按一定比例复配，协同效应显著；与支链烷基苯磺酸盐复配后，体系的驱油能力、抗稀释性和抗Ca^2 、Mg^2 能力明显增加。直链与支链按一定比例复配将是烷基苯磺酸盐作为驱油用主剂的发展方向。     

Nonbleach process for the purification of palm C16–18 methyl ester sulfonates

There has long been interest in methyl ester sulfonates (MES) derived from natural or renewable sources, such as palm oil, with considerable effort focused on process development. A major drawback with current process technology is the formation of dark brown impurities that create aesthetic and odor issues in the final product. These issues are usually addressed by bleaching rather than by chemical purification. This paper reports on a simple yet highly effective nonbleach, two-step process for purifying palm C16–18 potassium methyl ester sulfonates. The first step comprises addition of water to the impure surfactant mixture. Preferably, the temperature of the system is maintained above the Krafft point of the surfactant, thereby completely solubilizing the surfactant and associated impurities. Once completely dissolved, the surfactant mixture is allowed to cool, and the potassium-neutralized methyl ester sulfonate precipitates out selectively. In the second step, the purified surfactant is recovered by gravity- or pressure-filtration or by centrifugation, followed by drying. The process significantly improves C16–18 MES analytical purity and color without raising safety or environmental concerns. It also allows for the purification of products derived from lower-grade methyl esters, resolves odor issues, and does not require use of substantial amounts of solvent such as methanol.     

Evaluation of the rheological properties of sulfonic acids and sodium sulfonates

Sulfonic acids of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) are converted into the corresponding sodium salts to produce the most widely used anionic surfactant worldwide, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Used in many industrial applications and consumer products, the physical and mechanical properties of the sulfonates are strongly dependent on the LAB manufacturing process. Until recently, commercial alkylation of benzene has employed aluminum chloride or hydrogen fluoride catalysts, but a new fixed-bed alkylation process (DETAL) has been developed with improved 2-phenyl isomer selectivity and low tetralin concentration. In order to better understand the rheology of LAS in aqueous media, a comprehensive comparative evaluation of sulfonic acids and sodium sulfonates of the three LAB process derivatives has been done using dynamic mechanical rheometry, steady shear viscometry, and X-ray diffraction for phase identification. LAB sulfonic acids are Newtonian fluids in the temperature range of 20–60°C. The neat AlCl₃, HF, and DETAL sulfonic acids are Newtonian fluids within the temperature range of 20–60°C. At 30 wt%, all three sulfonates are Newtonian at 20–60°C, and the 40 wt% AlCl₃ sodium sulfonate remains in the Newtonian regime within this temperature range. Lamellar liquid crystalline phases have been identified for the sulfonates in the concentration range of 40–60 wt% in water at 20–60°C, and a hexagonal lattice phase also has been identified for DETAL sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate at 40 wt%, 60°C. The presence of anisotropic phases results in non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior with time-dependent viscosity functions.     

MES的性能和提纯以及在液体洗涤剂中的应用

论述了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐（MES）的性质,并通过特殊提纯丁艺对商品MES进行了精制,对提纯前后的产品组成情况进行了分析。结果表明,所设计的提纯工艺具有理想的收率,二钠盐的含量大幅下降,且易于操作。另外对其在液体洗涤剂中的应用现状,及以MES为主表面活性剂的节水、节能型超浓缩绿色液体洗涤剂的开发进行了分析。     

磺酸盐类表面活性剂的合成和应用现状

本文综述了磺酸盐类表面活性剂的合成路线及其研究现状,并对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐表面活性剂、芳基或脂肪醇醚磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成进行了重点介绍。我国应大力开发原料易得、活性高的脂肪醇醚磺酸盐、脂肪酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂,注重具有新颖结构、独特性能的AOT型和Gemini型表面活性剂的研究以适应更广泛的需求。     

Performance of sulfoxylated fatty acid methyl esters

Sulfoxidation of fatty acid methyl esters with SO₂, O₂, and ultraviolet light of appropriate wavelength has led to the synthesis of methyl esters sulfonates or sulfoxylates known as Φ-MES because of the possible random position of SO₃ group in the alkyl chain. This work describes experimental measurements of physical properties such as solubility and viscosity of sodium Φ-MES water solutions. Amphipathic properties such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, wetting and foaming powers were measured as well and compared to linear alkylbenzene sodium sulfonate (LAS). Finally, stability to water hardness, dishwashing test, and detergency performance were evaluated. Expectedly, these products may be used as LAS partners either in heavy-duty powders or in hand dishwashing liquids. Experimental results on Φ-MES of varying carbon number indicate that C₁₆ is the optimal carbon chain length.     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐工业的原料及其经济性

对甲酯磺酸盐的发展进行了概述。论述了甲酯磺酸盐的现状、原料来源、制备工艺、应用、工业化生产及其经济性。介绍了Chemithon公司的MES工艺,并对甲酯磺酸盐未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

三次采油用表面活性剂的制备、应用及进展

主要介绍和概述了三次采油(EOR)用表面活性剂的制备、性能、应用特点及其最新进展。阴离子型表面活性剂在三次采油中应用最为普遍，它们主要包括石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、石油羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐等，而其中以磺酸盐型最多。三次采油用表面活性剂的研究趋向主要是耐高含盐量、耐高温、吸附损失低、成本低等方面。     

高效液相色谱法和质谱法分析重烷基苯磺酸钠的族组成

采用电喷雾质谱法得到了重烷基苯磺酸钠的相对分子质量分布,经过对质谱图解析确定了各组峰的族组成归属和烷基碳数分布;用高效液相色谱使重烷基苯磺酸钠各族组成得到分离,并结合质谱分析结果和族组成的极性规律判断出各组峰的族组成归属.用面积归一化法得出A段和B段重烷基苯磺酸钠的各族组成的质量分数,相对标准偏差0.58%～4.72%,各族组成质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,证明了用面积归一化法的可行性.     

An evaluation of the detergency value of a series of alkylbenzene sulfonates by ultrasonic technique

Summary The soil removal efficiency of 17 sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates having alkyl residues ranging from six- to 18-carbon atoms, which have been synthesized and purified especially for this work, has been described. Evaluation has been accomplished by means of an ultrasonic cone transducer capable of producing mechanical action of a very highly reproducible character and at a measurable rate of expenditure of energy. Compounds having straight-chain alkyl residues produce generally greater detergency efficiency than the branch chain homolog. Detergent character becomes pronounced at about 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue, but detergency is diminished above about 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group because of reduced solubility.     

磺酸盐表面活性剂研究进展

综述了磺酸盐表面活性剂的研究现状和正在开发的新品种,并对其合成技术路线和方法进行了概述,尤其是对链烃磺酸盐、脂肪酸酯磺酸盐、双芳环醚磺酸盐、二聚磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成和性质进行了重点介绍。我国应大力开发原料易得、活性高的脂肪酸磺酸盐、脂肪醇醚磺酸盐表面活性剂,注重结构新颖、性能独特的Gem in i表面活性剂的基础研究以适应各行业的需求。引用文献41篇。     

Effect of surfactant structure on stability of enzymes formulated into laundry liquids

The effect of surfactant structure on enzyme stability in heavy duty laundry liquids was investigated. Surfactants studied were alcohol ethoxylates and anionic surfactants having varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic types and chain lengths. Enzymes used were proteases and amylases. The results showed these enzymes were considerably more stable when formulated into laundry liquids containing alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates than when formulated with alcohol sulfates and surfactants containing sulfonate groups such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and alpha olefin sulfonates. Enzyme stabilizer systems were only partially effective in reducing the enzymedeactivating influence of sulfonate-containing surfactants. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Dallas, May, 1984.     

Anionic surfactant biodegradability studies by Warburg respirometry

A series of alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates was prepared and examined for biodegradability by measuring the oxygen uptake when exposed to substrate adapted microorganisms in the Warburg respirometer. The Warburg results showed that certain linear alkylate alkylbenzene sulfonates and alcohol sulfates are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. The use of radioactive carbon compounds confirmed the Warburg results.     

Recent findings and experiences with alpha olefin sulfonates

In the sulfonation and sulfation of alpha olefin (AO), linear alkylbenzene (LAB), and alcohol ethoxylate (AE), improved reaction yields and products’ color were obtained by using the TO-Reactor recently developed in Lion Fat & Oil Co., Ltd., compared with those obtained in a conventional falling-film type reactor. These improvements especially were remarkable in the case of AO, so that light-colored alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), having improved performance properties, was obtained without bleaching. For the performance tests, AOS was evaluated in several systems, together with some other surfactants, alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxy sulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester (a-SEMe). AOS was one of the most useful surfactants for heavy duty powder detergents of low phosphate formulation because of its good detergency and foaming power, rinsing property, and free flowing property. Thus, bright white heavy duty powder detergents, containing 8% of P₂O₅, were developed with AOS (nonbleached), AES, LAS, sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), and some other ingredients, which have been marketed in the household cleaning products field in Japan since 1976.     

Level and position of unsaturation in alpha olefin sulfonates

A comparison of the levels of unsaturation in α-olefin sulfonates (AOS) and related derivatives determined by iodination, bromination and hydrogenation techniques showed that quantitative hydrogenation is the only method having wide applicatbility. Although halogenation methods frequently give results in agreement with hydrogenation data, they can show variations with reaction time and composition of the sample. Unsaturation in sulfonate methyl esters could not be determined by halogenation. The amount of †¹-isomer in alkene sulfonate sodium salts determined by oxidative cleavage with periodate-permanganate was always low compared to that determined by NMR. Oxidative cleavage of the sulfonate methyl esters gave †¹-isomer levels in agreement with NMR results.     

脂肪酸甲酯制备表面活性剂的研究与生产现状

生物柴油的迅猛发展使得脂肪酸甲酯作为重要化工原材料引起了广泛关注,并为其进一步开发应用提供了良好的机会和广阔的发展空间。本文论述了以脂肪酸甲酯为原料生产的各类可生物降解的表面活性剂,并对环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪酸甲酯α-磺酸钠、脂肪酸蔗糖酯等产品的性能、研究现状及目前企业生产概况等进行了重点介绍。     

洗涤产品中阴离子和无机成份的非溶剂定量分析（英）

报道了在没有有机溶剂加氯仿的条件下,烷基苯磺酸盐和烷基磺酸盐（ＡＳ）测定方法的进展情况。烷基苯磺酸盐和ＡＳ与钙盐经沉淀,然后经过过滤分离。通过这个过程,它们和体系中的无机含硫化合物分离。被分离物中的硫含量通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定。这样可以测定总的阴离子表面活性剂的含量。ＡＳ通过高压水解,未水解的烷基苯磺酸盐用同样的方法测定。烷基苯磺酸盐、ＡＳ、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硫酸盐和     

微通道反应器中工业混合直链烷基苯磺酸盐的连续合成工艺研究

直链烷基苯磺酸是一种重要的阴离子表面活性剂,由其合成的直链烷基苯磺酸盐是价格低廉的表面活性剂之一,广泛应用于洗涤和三次采油等领域。以某煤制油企业的工业混合烯烃生产的直链烷基苯为原料,在微通道反应器中连续合成直链烷基苯磺酸,考察磺化温度、原料摩尔比以及磺化剂浓度等工艺条件对磺酸产物的影响规律,并与纯十六烷基苯磺化规律进行对比。研究发现混合直链烷基苯磺化过程中各个工艺条件对产品收率的影响较大。在反应温度为50℃,SO₃与LAB摩尔比为1.0∶1,停留时间为5.09 s条件下,最终产品中活性物含量可达到94.5%(质量)。同时,设计并搭建了微反应器小试平台,实现连续合成混合烷基苯磺酸盐,磺酸盐产品收率在90%以上,可为该工艺的工业应用提供技术支持。     

Nonsolvent quantitation of anionic surfactants and inorganic ingredients in laundry detergent products

This paper reports the development of a method for measuring alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates (AS) without requiring the use of chlorinated organic solvents, such as chloroform. Alkylbenzene sulfonates and AS are precipitated with calcium and then isolated by filtration. Through this filtration process, they are separated from inorganic sulfur compounds. After the precipitate is prepared, the level of sulfur is measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) to determine the total anionic surfactant level. Separately, AS are hydrolyzed in an autoclave, and the level of alkylbenzene sulfonates is then measured in the same manner. By using the autoclave, a safe and rapid hydrolysis step has been achieved. In addition to alkylbenzene sulfonates and AS, phosphate, silicate, sulfate, and zeolite can be determined with this sample preparation. This sample preparation procedure was investigated by ICP-AES and was confirmed applicable for simultaneous measurements of alkylbenzene sulfonates, AS, phosphate, silicate, sulfate, and zeolite without using organic solvents. Relative standard deviation for the analysis is less than 1.7%, recovery is more than 99.0%, and the calibration curve gives a correlation coefficient of R=1.000. The detection limit of this method for alkylbenzene sulfonates and AS is 0.6%, for zeolite, 0.04%, for phosphate, 0.4%, for silicate, 0.1%, and for sulfate, 0.2%, by weight in product. This method is applicable to various laundry detergent products that contain the materials mentioned above and is 10 times faster than the six wet chemical methods normally used to analyze these compounds.     

直链烷基苯磺酸异丙胺盐的性能及其在餐具洗涤剂中的应用研究

对直链烷基苯磺酸异丙胺盐(HIPN)的表面张力、润湿力、乳化力、发泡能力等基本性能进行研究,并与洗涤剂常用阴离子表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)进行了对比,研究了HIPN在手洗餐具洗涤剂配方中的表现。结果表明,在餐具洗涤剂中HIPN具有优异的增稠性能,能全部代替或者部分代替LAS和AES,实现和AOS复配的低成本无二烷配方。