甜叶菊水提取液的絮凝研究

研究了絮凝剂在甜叶菊提取液的澄清过程中的作用,选出最适絮凝剂,并对其澄清效果进行实验,确定了最佳的絮凝条件:温度为65~70℃,pH值为9~10,添加絮凝剂用量为4.5g/L,作用时间为40min左右。     

甜叶菊甙提取液絮凝工艺技术研究

以干制的甜叶菊叶茎为试验原料,研究甜叶菊甙提取液絮凝处理方法.采用单因素试验,寻找甜叶菊甙提取液絮凝工艺中絮凝剂添加量、溶液pH值、絮凝温度和絮凝时间4个技术参数的中心值,进而采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验优化技术参数.试验结果表明,在絮凝温度62℃,絮凝剂用量1.84％,溶液pH 7,絮凝时间68 min条件下甜叶菊甙提取液的絮凝效果较好,甜叶菊甙的收率为84.21％.     

小孔径陶瓷膜澄清甜叶菊提取液的工艺研究

该文研究了小孔径陶瓷膜澄清甜叶菊提取液的效果。通过比较4、5、8、10 nm孔径的陶瓷膜过滤甜叶菊的甜菊糖提取液时的过滤通量、脱色率和收率的区别,确定较优的陶瓷膜孔径;再优化陶瓷膜操作参数。结果表明,5 nm陶瓷膜较优,在40 ℃时,操作压力5 bar,膜面流速4 m/s,浓缩10倍,加30%原液体积水洗滤效果最佳,陶瓷膜平均过滤通量可达102.6 kg/（m2·h）,甜菊糖收率可达99.2%,陶瓷膜过滤结束后先利用质量分数1%~2%的NaOH清洗1 h,再用0.5%~1%硝酸清洗1 h,陶瓷膜水通量恢复率可以达到99%以上,再生效果比较好,可以重复使用。相比絮凝工艺,陶瓷膜脱色率提高了2.6%,甜菊糖收率提高了6.8%,因此膜法工艺可取代传统絮凝工艺实现对甜叶菊提取液的澄清。     

甜叶菊中甜菊素提取工艺研究

建立了从甜叶菊中提取药用辅料甜菊素的方法.以甜菊素的收率和含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交实验优化了乙醇提取工艺参数,提取液进一步纯化,并对其纯化步骤进行了优化和评价.实验结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为90％的乙醇(v/v)回流提取3次,第1次用8倍量乙醇提取2h,第2次用6倍量乙醇提取1.5h,第3次用5倍量乙醇提取1h;再经膜过滤,滤液以0.3BV/h的流速先后经过阳、阴离子交换树脂,分别用50％乙醇(v/v)溶液洗脱,最后用80％乙醇(v/v)醇沉24h,可得质量分数达95.0％以上的甜菊素.该工艺稳定可行,适合于工业化大生产.     

甜叶菊有效成分动态积累分析及水提液澄清工艺初探

为了探索甜叶菊有效成分积累规律,本研究采用高效液相色谱法测定了在2018年7月24日至10月16日甜叶菊谱星6号叶中甜菊糖苷、绿原酸类和类黄酮含量的变化;采用壳聚糖季铵盐、壳聚糖盐酸盐、白色聚合氯化铝、黄色聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁+氢氧化钙等5种絮凝剂对甜叶菊水提液进行澄清处理,通过分析水提液澄清率及3种甜菊糖苷和6种绿原酸类在澄清液中的保留率,探索甜叶菊水提液的澄清方法。结果表明,甜叶菊叶片生物量积累呈上升趋势;各甜菊糖苷的含量变化幅度小;绿原酸类及类黄酮成分的积累与生长期密切相关,含量呈现降低-升高-稳定-降低的动态变化趋势。甜菊糖苷、绿原酸类和类黄酮的含量在9月18日至10月2日时段达到最高值,分别为168.74、73.78和14.88 mg/g。结合产量和有效成分两方面因素,确定新疆巴州甜叶菊最佳采收期为9月中旬至10月初。不同的絮凝剂对甜叶菊水提液的澄清效果不同,采用壳聚糖盐酸盐絮凝处理水提液中9种有效成分的保留率最高,以0.45 g/L壳聚糖盐酸盐在45 ℃条件下澄清率达到89.39%。壳聚糖盐酸盐可以作为适宜的絮凝剂应用于甜叶菊水提液中甜菊糖苷和绿原酸类的分离纯化。     

壳聚糖对鱼腥草提取液絮凝除杂效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖用量、p H和温度对鱼腥草提取液絮凝除杂效果的影响,并对其工艺进行了正交实验优化。实验结果表明最佳的工艺条件是壳聚糖用量为0.04g/100m L,提取液p H为6.0,温度为30℃;在此条件下,鱼腥草澄清液的黄酮保留率为80.0%,透光率高达68.1%。该工艺在絮凝除杂的同时又较好地保留了鱼腥草有效成分,具有良好的应用前景。     

甜叶菊中甜菊素提取工艺研究

建立了从甜叶菊中提取药用辅料甜菊素的方法。以甜菊素的收率和含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交实验优化了乙醇提取工艺参数,提取液进一步纯化,并对其纯化步骤进行了优化和评价。实验结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为90%的乙醇(v/v)回流提取3次,第1次用8倍量乙醇提取2h,第2次用6倍量乙醇提取1.5h,第3次用5倍量乙醇提取1h;再经膜过滤,滤液以0.3BV/h的流速先后经过阳、阴离子交换树脂,分别用50%乙醇(v/v)溶液洗脱,最后用80%乙醇(v/v)醇沉24h,可得质量分数达95.0%以上的甜菊素。该工艺稳定可行,适合于工业化大生产。      

甜叶菊苷的提取与结晶工艺研究

甜叶菊苷的提取采用大孔离子交换树脂法,通过离子交换树脂对甜叶菊苷的吸附、洗脱、脱盐和脱色,提高甜叶菊苷的纯度,采用有机溶剂法进行重结晶,得到理想的甜叶菊苷结晶,并确定了其最佳提取方法和工艺。     

壳聚糖对鱼腥草提取液絮凝除杂效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖用量、p H和温度对鱼腥草提取液絮凝除杂效果的影响,并对其工艺进行了正交实验优化。实验结果表明最佳的工艺条件是壳聚糖用量为0.04g/100m L,提取液p H为6.0,温度为30℃;在此条件下,鱼腥草澄清液的黄酮保留率为80.0%,透光率高达68.1%。该工艺在絮凝除杂的同时又较好地保留了鱼腥草有效成分,具有良好的应用前景。      

甜叶菊水提物和絮凝上清液成分差异研究

为详细了解甜叶菊水提物和絮凝上清液的化学成分差异,建立超高效液相-串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS)分析方法并在此基础上对两种样品成分进行分析比较。研究结果表明,此方法可有效地将各种化合物分离开来,利用此方法检测比较得出,甜叶菊水提物和絮凝上清液化学成分差异显著,甜叶菊水提物中69种化合物经絮凝后上清液中只含有35种化合物。就去除种类而言,絮凝过程去除绿原酸类和去除黄酮类物质较为显著。     

Quantitative analysis of stevioside in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Stevioside, a diterpenic glycoside extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni, is a natural sweetener 300 times sweeter than sucrose. HPLC is routinely used to measure stevioside content in Stevia leaves. Our objectives were to investigate the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyse stevioside concentration in Stevia leaves. The NIRS calibrations were developed from 64 samples covering the range normally found in Stevia leaves (4-13%). Another 30 samples were used for validation. Standard error of calibration and coefficient of multiple determination (R²) were 1.47 and 0.90 respectively, using the first derivative mathematical treatment. The validation results, although less accurate, suggest that NIRS is a precise and simple method for routine stevioside determination in Stevia leaves.     

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract supplementation improves lipid and carnitine profiles in C57BL/6J mice fed a high‐fat diet

BACKGROUND: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a non‐caloric natural‐source alternative to artificially produced sugar substitutes. This study investigated the effect of stevia extract on lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups: N‐C (normal diet and distilled water), H‐C (high‐fat diet and distilled water), H‐SC (high fat diet and sucrose, 1 mL kg^?1 per day), and H‐SV (high‐fat diet and stevia extract, 1 mL kg^?1 per day). RESULTS: Body weight gain was significantly higher in the H‐SC group than in the H‐SV group. Triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver were lower in the H‐SV group than in the H‐SC group. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were lower in the H‐SV and H‐C groups compared to the H‐SC group. The concentrations of acid‐insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) in serum were higher in the H‐SV group than in the H‐C and H‐SC groups and the acyl/free carnitine level in liver was significantly higher in the H‐SV group than in the N‐C group. These results were supported by mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism (ACO, PPARα, ACS, CPT‐I, ACC) assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the supplementation of stevia extract might have an anti‐obesity effect on high‐fat diet induced obese mice. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

壳聚糖澄清甜叶菊水提液及其澄清机理探讨

研究壳聚糖絮凝剂在甜叶菊提取液澄清过程中的作用。分别以甜叶菊水提液的澄清率和甜菊苷的损失率为指标,考察不同因素对絮凝效果的影响。通过正交试验法确定壳聚糖絮凝的较优工艺条件为：1%壳聚糖溶液投加量2mL/g甜叶菊干叶、甜叶菊提取液质量浓度1g生药/10mL提取液、pH6.0、温度45℃,絮凝时间4h。在该条件下,甜叶菊水提液的澄清率为86.63%,甜菊苷的损失率为6.89%,与膜分离法澄清的效果相近,且无需特殊设备。与传统化学絮凝法相比,壳聚糖絮凝法能更有效地保留水提液中的有效成分,具有絮凝效果好、易生物降解、对环境安全、无二次污染等优点。     

Biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to health

The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has nutrients and phytochemicals, which make it an adequate source for the extraction and production of functional food ingredients. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest therapeutic and pharmacological applications for stevia and their extracts because they are not toxic and exhibit several biological activities. This review presents the biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Consumption and adverse effects were also reviewed.     

甜叶菊随机扩增多态性DNA技术优化及亲缘关系研究

以甜叶菊为试材,对影响其随机扩增多态性DNA标记反应体系的7个因子进行优化,同时对来自国内外的12个品种进行亲缘关系分析。结果表明,20μL的优化体系包括:双蒸水13.6μL,10×Buffer(含15mmol/LMgCl2)溶液3μL,2.5mmol/L的dNTPS1.2μL,10μmol/L的引物1μL,20ng的模板DNA1μL,1UTaq聚合酶;热循环程序为:94℃预变性4min,94℃变性30s,35℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,40个循环,最后72℃延伸7min。聚类图结果表明,品种间的遗传距离变异范围为0.12～0.88,在遗传距离为0.37时,8个引物可将12个品种分为四大类,来自日本的2个品种与国内品种关系较远。     

甜叶菊红外-热风联合干燥工艺优化

为探究甜叶菊红外-热风干燥特性,以江西甜叶菊守田3号为试验材料,在研制的红外-热风联合干燥样机基础上,通过开展热风温度(90、100、110、120℃)、排湿功率(0、140、240、340 W)和辐射距离(140、150、160、170 mm)条件下的单因素和正交试验,探究甜叶菊红外-热风干燥特性曲线及干燥速率曲线,优化甜叶菊干燥工艺参数。结果表明,甜叶菊红外-热风联合干燥过程包含预热加速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段;影响甜叶菊红外-热风联合干燥生产效率的影响因素顺序为:热风温度 > 辐射距离 > 排湿速率;最佳干燥工艺参数:热风温度120℃,排湿功率240 W、辐射距离140 mm,此时甜叶菊干燥时长6.57 min,能耗1.25 kW·h。本研究可为研制甜叶菊干燥装置和研究甜叶菊干燥特性提供参考。