华亭FMTP项目废水处理工艺选择

为选定华亭FMTP项目配套污水处理工艺,实现投产后污水处理的达标排放,分析了污水预处理工艺、A2/O工艺、SBR工艺、MBBR工艺和BAF工艺的原理及各工艺的优缺点,结合华亭FMTP项目的实际情况和废水指标,预处理工艺选择混凝沉淀和气浮工艺,废水处理工艺选择了SBR和MBBR两级串联的处理工艺。     

煤热解技术研究与开发进展

介绍了国内外3种类型的煤热解技术,其中:气体热载体工艺包括美国的COED工艺、LFC工艺、日本的粉煤快速热解工艺、ECOPRO工艺、我国的MRF工艺和内构件移动床热解工艺等;固体热载体工艺包括美国的Toscoal工艺、德国的LR工艺、前苏联的ETCH-175工艺和大连理工大学开发的DG工艺等;无热载体工艺即神雾科技集团股份有限公司开发的无热载体蓄热式旋转床热解工艺。主要从工艺流程、技术特点、工业化应用等方面,对这些工艺进行了分析,并指出了煤热解技术的发展趋势。     

用湿法磷酸制工业磷酸二氢铵工艺综述

综述用湿法磷酸制工业磷酸二氢铵的几种工艺,包括传统化学法工艺、改进化学法工艺、化学净化与溶剂萃取联合除杂质工艺、湿法磷酸净化工艺、化学净化与溶剂萃取相结合工艺、萃取盐酸法工艺,介绍各工艺的生产流程,分析各工艺优缺点。建议厂家根据实际情况选择合适的工艺。     

国内外异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯工艺的技术进展

综述了国内外异丁烷脱氢制备异丁烯工艺的研究进展,包括FBD-4工艺、Oleflex工艺、Catofin工艺、Star工艺、Linde工艺和ADHO工艺等,提出了未来发展的建议。     

树脂基复合材料成型工艺的发展

随着复合材料工业的迅速发展,传统的复合材料成型工艺日臻完善,新的成型方法不断涌现。本文通过梳理接触低压成型工艺、拉挤成型工艺、模压成型工艺、缠绕成型工艺、铺放成型工艺、RTM成型工艺这几种先进树脂基复合材料成型工艺的发展历程,分析发展过程中的关键技术,来研究先进复合材料成型工艺的演变,从而探讨未来树脂基复合材料成型工艺的发展方向。     

液化天然气分离的节能蒸馏工艺

采用严格模拟计算的方法,对液化天然气分离过程的现有常规蒸馏工艺与热耦蒸馏工艺、侧线提馏工艺、双效蒸馏工艺和热集成工艺进行了模拟,并比较了其能量消耗。模拟计算结果显示,复杂蒸馏工艺都比常规蒸馏工艺减少了能耗和操作成本。其中,热耦蒸馏工艺可比常规蒸馏工艺节能21.4%,侧线提馏工艺节约13.3%,双效蒸馏工艺可节约34.7%,热集成工艺节约则达37.6%左右,表明新工艺在此分离过程中都有较好的应用前景,尤以多效蒸馏和热耦蒸馏最有优势。     

20亿m~3/a煤制天然气项目净化工艺的选择

以新疆伊犁新天煤化工有限责任公司20亿m3/a煤制天然气项目净化工艺方案的选择为例,介绍了NHD工艺和低温甲醇洗工艺的技术特点;对比分析了低温甲醇洗工艺之鲁奇工艺、林德工艺和大连理工大学工艺的技术特点。结果表明:①大型煤化工项目净化工艺宜首选低温甲醇洗工艺;②从投资、能耗、环保等方面综合考虑,林德工艺在低温甲醇洗工艺中具有一定的优势。     

Fenton氧化法处理难降解工业废水的工艺研究进展

介绍了Fenton氧化法的基本反应原理,综述了传统Fenton氧化工艺、微电解-Fenton氧化工艺、Fenton流化床氧化工艺、UV-Fenton氧化工艺、电Fenton氧化工艺的主要工艺形式及其在难降解工业废水中的应用,并总结各种Fenton氧化工艺的特点及工艺选择原则。     

二甲基二氯硅烷水解工艺研究进展

综述了二甲基二氯硅烷水解工艺的研究进展,包括恒沸酸水解工艺、饱和酸水解工艺和浓酸水解工艺.着重介绍了各种水解工艺在氯化氢回收利用上的改进,通过对各水解工艺优缺点的探讨,展望了二甲基二氯硅烷水解工艺的发展方向.     

组合工艺在微污染水源水处理中的研究和应用

水源微污染问题日益加剧,加上常规工艺的局限性,迫使人们研究和开发新的净水工艺.组合工艺由于其突出的整体优势,备受青睐.该文重点介绍了一些典型的组合工艺在微污染水源水处理中的研究和应用,主要有：含活性炭的组合工艺、生化组合工艺、膜法组合工艺、臭氧氧化组合工艺、光催化组合工艺.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

直链烷烃氯磺酰化反应的光催化动力学研究

本系统采用氯气和二氧化硫作为气相原料，C18－17直链烷烃为液相原料，在光作用下进行气相氯磺酰化反应。由于该反应过程机理复杂，本研究采秀工程研究方法，对过程进行合理简化，导得该反应的动力学速率模型，并采用非线性多响应常微分模型的参数估计方法求得模型参数。模型计算值与实验结果能较好吻合，该模型可用于反应器的设计计算。     

气化工艺特性对IGCC效率的影响

影响煤气化联合循环总效率的五个主要因素为煤转化率、燃气轮机循环,蒸汽循环,热旁路比率和发电效率。其中以煤转化率影响最大,它将包括产品气的显热和剩余蒸汽。在任何气化装置中气化炉是最主要单元并极大地影响气化性能。为改善气化效率,所有第二代气化方法均已引入加压操作。本文讨论了高温操作、生严能力放大、负荷跟踪能力、加煤方式、气化剂和煤气净化,同时提出仍待开发的某些值得注意的问题。     

HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF DEPRESSURIZATION OF SATURATED WATER

Experiments were carried out to find the effects of dissolved gas pressure,liquid flow rateand nozzle geometry on the bubble generation when saturated water was depressurized through anozzle.A new method,high speed camera system was developed to measure the generated microbubblesdynamically.On the basis of the laws of ideal gas and solution,theoretical generated gas flow ratewas deduced,while the Smoluchowski′s equation was applied to describe the kinetics of bubblenucleation.It was found that the size distribution of nucleated bubbles was of skewed distribution.An explanation to this phenomenon was made and the Gamma function distribution was employedfor mathematical simulation.The results show good agreement between the experimental data and thepredictions by proposed model.     

硫酸钠盐结晶对混凝土破坏的影响

研究了Na2SO4盐结晶对干湿循环作用下混凝土剥蚀破坏、膨胀率和强度的影响,以及降温作用下Na2SO4溶液体积膨胀率和结晶压的变化.结果表明:Na2SO4盐结晶产生的混凝土膨胀和剥蚀破坏随着盐浓度和干湿循环次数的增加明显增大,且超过一定循环次数后,经干燥后的混凝土非但不收缩,反而继续膨胀.在降温作用下,Na2SO4溶液盐结晶体积膨胀率和结晶压随着盐浓度增加显著增大,且开始出现膨胀和结晶压的温度也提高,其产生的盐结晶压可超过7MPa,足以引起混凝土破坏.     

ON THE PREDICTION OF HEATS OF VAPORIZATION OF PURE COMPOUNDS

An expression to predict the values of the latent heat of vaporization of pure compounds at their normal boiling point has been developed. A knowledge of the critical temperature, critical pressure, normal boiling point and acentric factor of the compound coupled with the use of generalized correlations for second virial coefficient and liquid molar volume allows to obtain good estimates, particularly for alcohols and ketones. Results for 71 various substances are compared with experimental values and with the results of eight other equations available in the literature. The possibility of using the calculated heats of vaporization at the normal boiling point to estimate values at other temperatures is discussed.