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文章旨在探索10 MW级半潜型浮式风机的一体化计算方法并分析其在40～50 m近海深水区的耦合动力响应特性。 以10 MW混凝土半潜型浮式风机为例,构建一体化时域数值计算模型,统计分析其额定发电和极端工况下的平台动力响应和系泊张力特征。 平台水平运动主要受波浪荷载、风荷载和系泊刚度特性的影响,最大水平运动和系泊张力发生在生存工况,垂向运动主要受波浪荷载影响,摇摆运动的均值主要受风荷载影响,上述浮式风机动力响应均满足设计指标。 一体化数值计算方法较好地考虑浮式风机耦合动力特性,由于水深限制,近海深水区的海上漂浮式风机对水平运动约束和系泊非线性问题的优化更为重要,响应极值主要发生在极端工况,上述结论为此类漂浮式海上风机基础结构的研究与设计工作提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a model considering the wave‐current interactions in dynamic analyses of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) and investigates the interaction effects on the FOWT responses. Waves when traveling on current are affected by the current, leading to frequency shift and shape modification. To include such interactions in FOWT analysis, which has not been considered by the researchers till date, a nonlinear hydrodynamic model for multicable mooring systems is presented that is able to consider the cable geometric nonlinearity, seabed contact, and the current effect. The mooring model is then coupled with a spar‐type FOWT model that handles the structural dynamics of turbine blades and tower, aerodynamics of the wind‐blade interaction, and wave‐current effects on the spar. The analytical wave‐current interaction model based on Airy theory considering the current effect is used in the computation of flow velocity and acceleration. Numerical studies are then carried out based on the NREL offshore 5‐MW baseline wind turbine supported on top of the OC3‐Hywind spar buoy. Two cases, (1) when the currents are favorable and (2) when the currents are adverse, are examined. Differences of up to 15% have been observed by comparing the cable fairlead tension obtained excluding and including the wave‐current interactions. In particular, when irregular waves interact with adverse current, a simple superposition treatment of the wave and the current effects seems to underestimate the spar motion and the cable fairlead tension. This indicates that the wave‐current interaction is an important aspect and is needed to be considered in FOWT analysis. 相似文献
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The wind turbine industry is designing large MW size turbines with very long blades, which exhibit large deflections during their operational life. These large deflections decrease the accuracy of linear models such as linear finite element and modal‐based models, in which the structure is represented by linear mode shapes. The aim of this study is to investigate the competence of the mode shapes to represent the large blade responses in normal operation load cases. For this purpose, blade deflections are projected onto the linear modal space, swept by mode shape vectors. The projection shows the contribution of each mode and the projection error. The blade deflections are calculated by a nonlinear aero‐servo‐elastic solver for power production fatigue load cases with normal turbulence. The mode shapes are calculated at the steady‐state deflected blade position computed at different wind speeds. Three reference turbine blades are used in the study to evaluate the effects of various blade design parameters such as length, stiffness, mass, and prebend. The results show that although the linear mode shapes can represent the flapwise and edgewise deflections accurately, axial and torsional deflections cannot be captured with good accuracy. The geometric nonlinear effects are more apparent in the latter directions. The results indicate that the blade deflections occur beyond the linear assumptions. 相似文献
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以OC4-DeepCwind半潜式浮式风机为研究对象,利用ANSYS AQWA软件,通过时域耦合法模拟不同海况,在受到波浪、风、流载荷联合作用下,风机的动力响应和系泊响应,讨论极端海况对风机的影响。结果表明,与正常海况相比,极端海况下风机锚链张力的波动范围明显增大,相对最大值为正常海况下的4.98倍,影响系泊系统的稳定性;极端海况下风机卧链长度的相对最小值为正常海况下的1.75%,仅为4.21 m,与荷载作用方向一致的风机锚链变化较为剧烈,为风机的主承载锚链;极端海况下风机的纵荡、垂荡运动均有所增加,相对最大值分别为正常海况下的15.95倍、1.82倍,纵摇偏转变化到最大4.95°,其余方向变化较小,风机重心发生10.19 m的偏移,影响风机的稳定性,干扰风机的正常运行。 相似文献
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叙述了挪威船级社的DNV规范和德国劳埃德船级社的GL规范中的海上风机基础混凝土疲劳的计算方法,指出,该方法可供海上风电场基础设计人员参考。 相似文献
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Forfloating offshore wind turbines, rotors are under coupled motions of rotating and platform‐induced motions because of hydrodynamics impacts. Notably, the coupled motion of platform pitching and rotor rotating induces unsteadiness and nonlinear aerodynamics in turbine operations; thus having a strong effect on the rotor performances including thrust and power generation. The present work aims at developing a computational fluid dynamics model for simulations of rotor under floating platform induced motions. The rotor motion is realized using arbitrary mesh interface, and wind flows are modelled by incompressible Navier‐Stokes flow solver appended by the k ? ω shear stress transport turbulence model to resolve turbulence quantities. In order to investigate the fully coupled motion of floating wind turbine, the six degree of freedom solid body motion solver is extended to couple with multiple motions, especially for the motion of rotor coupled with the prescribed surge‐heave‐pitch motion of floating platform. The detailed methodology of multiple motion coupling is also described and discussed in this work. Both steady and unsteady simulations of offshore floating wind turbine are considered in the present work. The steady aerodynamic simulation of offshore floating wind turbine is implemented by the multiple reference frames approach and for the transient simulation, the rotor motion is realized using arbitrary mesh interface. A rigorous benchmark of the present numerical model is performed by comparing to the reported literatures. The detailed elemental thrust and power comparisons of wind turbine are carried out by comparing with the results from FAST developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory and various existing numerical data with good agreement. The proposed approach is then applied for simulations of National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5MW turbine in coupled platform motion at various wind speeds under a typical load case scenario. Transient effect of flows over turbines rotor is captured with good prediction of turbine performance as compared with existing data from FAST. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest by the wind energy community to assess the impact of atmospheric stability on wind turbine performance; however, up to now, typically, stability is considered in several distinct arbitrary stability classes. As a consequence, each stability class considered still covers a wide range of conditions. In this paper, wind turbine fatigue loads are studied as a function of atmospheric stability without a classification system, and instead, atmospheric conditions are described by a continuous joint probability distribution of wind speed and stability. Simulated fatigue loads based upon this joint probability distribution have been compared with two distinct different cases, one in which seven stability classes are adopted and one neglecting atmospheric stability by following International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. It is found that for the offshore site considered in this study, fatigue loads of the blade root, rotor and tower loads significantly increase if one follows the IEC standards (by up to 28% for the tower loads) and decrease if one considers several stability classes (by up to 13% for the tower loads). The substantial decrease found for the specific stability classes can be limited by considering one stability class that coincides with the mean stability of a given hub height wind speed. The difference in simulated fatigue loads by adopting distinct stability classes is primarily caused by neglecting strong unstable conditions for which relatively high fatigue loads occur. Combined, it is found that one has to carefully consider all stability conditions in wind turbine fatigue load simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Accurate computer modelling is critical in achieving cost‐effective floating offshore wind turbine designs. Although a range of modelling fidelities are available for all parts of the simulation, a lower‐fidelity quasi‐static approach that neglects inertia and hydrodynamics is often used for the mooring line model. The loss of accuracy from using this approach has not been thoroughly studied across different support structure designs. To test the adequacy of this widely used simplified mooring line modelling approach, the floating wind turbine simulator FAST (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado) was modified to allow the use of a high‐fidelity dynamic mooring line model, ProteusDS (Dynamic Systems Analysis Inc. of Victoria, BC, Canada). Three standard floating wind turbine designs were implemented in this new simulator arrangement and tested using a set of steady and stochastic wind and wave conditions. The static equivalence between the built‐in quasi‐static mooring model and the dynamic mooring model is within 0.6% in terms of fairlead tension. Tests of the systems’ responses in still water indicate that the hydrodynamic damping of the mooring lines can constitute anywhere from 1% to 35% of the overall system damping in pitch, depending on the design. Tests in steady and stochastic operating conditions show that for very stable designs with slack moorings, or designs with taut moorings, a quasi‐static mooring model can in many conditions predict the platform motions and turbine loads with reasonable accuracy. For slack‐moored designs with larger platform motions, however, a quasi‐static model can lead to inaccuracies of as much as 30% in the damage‐equivalent and extreme loads on the turbine. An important observation is that even in situations where the platform response is predicted reasonably well by a quasi‐static model, larger inaccuracies can arise in the response of the rotor blades. These inaccuracies are more severe in the time series (with instantaneous discrepancies as high as 50% of the mean load) than in the corresponding damage‐equivalent and extreme loads calculated over multiple stochastic simulations. Consequently, differences in damage‐equivalent and extreme load metrics should be considered a floor to the measure of inaccuracy caused by a quasi‐static mooring model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文基于国际能源署(IEA)课题30"海上风电机组动态学仿真软件和模型的比较"项目第一阶段桁架式支撑结构的海上风电机组仿真结果,针对海上风电模型复杂的特点,给出桁架式支撑结构细节,研究用BladedV3.80建立桁架式支撑结构的海上风电机组模型。与其他软件建立的模型比较质量和模态,验证海上风电机组的模型。 相似文献
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研究新型组合弹性系泊对漂浮式风力机Spar平台动态响应及系泊张力特性的影响。建立基于OC3-Hywind Spar Buoy平台的NREL5 MW漂浮式风力机整机模型,综合考虑叶片空气动力载荷、平台的水动力载荷及平台与系泊系统的耦合。首先验证水动力学模型的可靠性,然后分析组合弹性系泊对动态响应及系泊张力的影响。结果表明:组合弹性系泊会使平台纵荡增大25.5%,但系泊张力、垂荡和纵摇却会分别减小14.0%、20%和18.1%;弹性索位置对动态响应及系泊张力影响不大;随弹性索长度的增加,平台纵荡响应增加34.0%,平台垂荡和系泊张力分别减小25.0%和7.3%。 相似文献
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Accurate modelling of transient wind turbine wakes is an important component in the siting of turbines within wind farms because of wake structures that affect downwind turbine performance and loading. Many current industry tools for modelling these effects are limited to empirically derived predictions. A technique is described for coupling transient wind modelling with an aero‐elastic simulation to dynamically model both turbine operation and wake structures. The important feature of this approach is a turbine model in a flow simulation, which actively responds to transient wind events through the inclusion of controller actions such as blade pitching and regulation of generator torque. The coupled nature of the aero‐elastic/flow simulation also allows recording of load and control data, which permits the analysis of turbine interaction in multiple turbine systems. An aero‐elastic turbine simulation code and a large eddy simulation (LES) solver using an actuator disc model were adapted for this work. Coupling of the codes was implemented with the use of a software framework to transfer data between simulations in a synchronous manner. A computationally efficient simulation was developed with the ability to model turbines exhibiting standard baseline control operating in an offshore environment. Single and multiple wind turbine instances were modelled in a transient flow domain to investigate wake structures and wake interaction effects. Blade loading data were analysed to quantify the increased fluctuating loads on downwind turbines. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of the coupled simulation and quantify the effect of the dynamic‐turbine model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Offshore wind turbines are complex structures, and their dynamics can vary significantly because of changes in operating conditions, e.g., rotor‐speed, pitch angle or changes in the ambient conditions, e.g., wind speed, wave height or wave period. Especially in parked conditions, with reduced aerodynamic damping forces, the response due to wave actions with wave frequencies close to the first structural resonance frequencies can be high. Therefore, this paper will present numerical simulations using the HAWC2 code to study an offshore wind turbine in parked conditions. The model has been created according to best practice and current standards based on the design of an existing Vestas V90 offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation in the Belgian North Sea. The damping value of the model's first fore‐aft mode has been tuned on the basis of measurements obtained from a long‐term ambient monitoring campaign on the same wind turbine. Using the updated model of the offshore wind turbine, the paper will present some of the effects of the different design parameters and the different ambient conditions on the dynamics of an offshore wind turbine. The results from the simulations will be compared with the processed data obtained from the real measurements. The accuracy of the model will be discussed in terms of resonance frequencies, mode shapes, damping value and acceleration levels, and the limitations of the simulations in modeling of an offshore wind turbine will be addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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海上风电机组随机风浪荷载时程数值计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用功率谱研究了海上风力机的随机风浪荷载,同时根据JCSS(结构安全度联合委员会)准则探讨了海上风机随机风浪荷载的组合问题。为满足时域内海上风机动力反应计算的需求,采用谐波叠加法研究了随机风浪荷载时程的计算方法。对于风荷载,计算过程中考虑了风场的空间相干性和风剪效应;对于波浪荷载,提出了考虑海浪波面高程变化时波浪荷载的计算方法。计算结果表明,不考虑波面变化,将低估波峰处的波浪荷载,而高估波谷处的波浪荷载;对于海上风机而言,以风荷载作为主要荷载进行风浪组合得到的计算结果偏于安全;同时通过模拟荷载的计算谱与目标谱的比较,表明了该文随机荷载时程模拟的正确性。 相似文献
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随着漂浮式风力机向深远海发展,其系泊系统及锚点成本不断上升,共享系泊逐渐成为研究热点.为提高共享系泊漂浮式风电场平台的稳定性,基于5 MW Barge平台风力机组建的2×2阵列式风电场,提出一种带有浮子与配重的新型混合共享系泊系统.利用辐射/绕射理论及有限元方法,计算并对比常规系泊与混合系泊在平台动态响应、系泊张力及躺地段长度的差异,分析了混合系泊浮子与配重间距对风电场平台稳定性的影响.结果表明:混合系泊平台纵荡与横荡动态响应幅值较常规系泊降低了 40％以上,减小了系泊张力变化,并延长躺地段长度;随浮子与配重间距的增大,躺地段长度总体呈增大趋势,且改变了平台横荡的平衡位置. 相似文献
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Simulations of wind turbine loads for the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine under diabatic conditions are performed. The diabatic conditions are incorporated in the input wind field in the form of wind profile and turbulence. The simulations are carried out for mean wind speeds between 3 and 16 m s ? 1 at the turbine hub height. The loads are quantified as the cumulative sum of the damage equivalent load for different wind speeds that are weighted according to the wind speed and stability distribution. Four sites with a different wind speed and stability distribution are used for comparison. The turbulence and wind profile from only one site is used in the load calculations, which are then weighted according to wind speed and stability distributions at different sites. It is observed that atmospheric stability influences the tower and rotor loads. The difference in the calculated tower loads using diabatic wind conditions and those obtained assuming neutral conditions only is up to 17%, whereas the difference for the rotor loads is up to 13%. The blade loads are hardly influenced by atmospheric stability, where the difference between the calculated loads using diabatic and neutral input wind conditions is up to 3% only. The wind profiles and turbulence under diabatic conditions have contrasting influences on the loads; for example, under stable conditions, loads induced by the wind profile are larger because of increased wind shear, whereas those induced by turbulence are lower because of less turbulent energy. The tower base loads are mainly influenced by diabatic turbulence, whereas the rotor loads are influenced by diabatic wind profiles. The blade loads are influenced by both, diabatic wind profile and turbulence, that leads to nullifying the contrasting influences on the loads. The importance of using a detailed boundary‐layer wind profile model is also demonstrated. The difference in the calculated blade and rotor loads is up to 6% and 8%, respectively, when only the surface‐layer wind profile model is used in comparison with those obtained using a boundary‐layer wind profile model. Finally, a comparison of the calculated loads obtained using site‐specific and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) wind conditions is carried out. It is observed that the IEC loads are up to 96% larger than those obtained using site‐specific wind conditions.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献