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为探讨炖制方式与鸡汤品质之间的关系,以万能蒸烤箱为设备,分析不同的炖制模式下鸡汤的游离氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质含量,采用电子鼻和电子舌分析不同炖制模式下鸡汤的气味和滋味差异性,采用主成分(PCA)、聚类分析和Pearson相关系数对鸡汤风味的差异性进行区分,确定出万能蒸烤箱的鸡汤炖制条件。结果表明,在此条件下炖制的鸡汤呈淡黄色、表面有小粒浮油、鸡汤鲜味明显,香味浓郁,口感醇厚,回味清甘。该条件的汤中游离氨基酸总含量达到117.97 mg/100 g;挥发性风味物质共39种,其中醛类15种,醇类9种、酯类8种,酮类3种,其他4种,比较六种炖制模式的样品,模式四(蒸烤模式,湿度100%;温度140 ℃烹制20 min后;100 ℃烹制60 min)下炖制的样品风味佳、总游离氨基酸含量相对较高、挥发性风味物质丰富且炖制时间相对较短,是一种成品风味佳且节能的炖制方式。 相似文献
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以草鱼背肉、腹肉和红肉为原料,通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和氨基酸自动分析法,研究了4、-20和-80℃贮藏条件对草鱼肉各部位游离氨基酸含量和核苷酸类物质的影响。结果表明:4、-20和-80℃贮藏条件下,草鱼背肉呈味氨基酸的含量占总游离氨基酸含量的百分比分别为41.69%、41.84%、42.40%,腹肉中分别为38.39%、39.91%、40.29%,红肉中分别为31.34%、32.34%、32.82%。贮藏温度越低,呈味氨基酸含量的百分比越高。草鱼背肉中的K值分别为25.60%、15.45%和14.92%,腹肉中分别为33.27%、19.60%和16.29%,红肉中分别为90.39%、48.72%和45.41%。贮藏温度越低,鲜度越好。相同贮藏温度下,红肉中的呈味氨基酸含量偏低,鲜度最差。因此,在加工过程中宜选用快速冻藏,以保持较好的滋味和鲜度。 相似文献
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Shaolin Deng Ming Li Huhu Wang Xinglian Xu Guanghong Zhou 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(3):1596-1602
In order to commercialize soft‐boiled chicken, a traditional Asian food, this work was performed to evaluate the effect of the packages on the edible quality. Soft‐boiled chickens were packaged with air packaging (AP) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, MN:100% N2 and MC:30%CO2/70%N2) conditions. Total viable counts reached the acceptable limit of 4.90 Log CFU/g at 1.5, 2.5, and 4 days of storage under AP, MN, and MC, respectively. However, sensory acceptance limits, based on overall acceptance by the professional panelists, were not reached until one day later. The TVB‐N content of MAP was lower than that of the AP. The finding indicated that the shelf life of soft‐boiled chicken could be extended by two days using MAP with CO2. These findings will provide basic reference for the packaging of cooked meat and also provide information on poultry processing techniques that could be applied at commercial scales. 相似文献
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不同宰杀方式对草鱼肉呈味水溶性成分的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以不同宰杀方式草鱼的背部肉为对象,采用高效液相色谱法和氨基酸自动分析法研究不同宰杀方式(自然、急杀、去鳃)对草鱼背部肉核苷酸类化合物和游离氨基酸含量的变化,并测定背部肉pH值、糖原和乳酸的含量。结果表明:自然、急杀、去鳃3 种宰杀方式的草鱼背肉苦味氨基酸含量占总游离氨基酸含量分别为78.95%、68.60%、69.44%,部肉的鲜度K值分别为20.28%、15.49%、12.13%,自然死亡组腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸含量最低,肌苷酸含量最低,鲜度最差。草鱼背肉中pH值的变化与乳酸含量的变化呈负相关,乳酸含量的变化与糖原含量的变化呈负相关,自然死亡的草鱼肉乳酸含量最高,pH值最低。不同宰杀方式对草鱼背肉呈味水溶性成分影响较大,自然死亡的草鱼肉滋味最差,急杀致死和去鳃致死组滋味差别不明显。因此,在加工过程中,要避免鱼血渗入肌肉,造成鱼肉土腥味产生。 相似文献
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烧鸡加工过程中滋味成分变化的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高效液相色谱和氨基酸自动分析仪研究了烧鸡加工过程中滋味成分的变化。实验结果表明,烧鸡成品中的主要游离氨基酸是谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸和精氨酸,烧鸡成品中谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸等鲜味氨基酸的含量分别是其阈值的162倍和95倍,风味核苷酸5'-IMP的含量高于其阈值6倍多,风味核苷酸和鲜味氨基酸是构成烧鸡滋味的重要成分;油炸工艺对烧鸡游离氨基酸、核苷酸等滋味成分作用不显著;煮制工艺是形成烧鸡美味的重要过程。 相似文献
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以草鱼背肉、腹肉和红肉为原料,通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和氨基酸自动分析法,研究了春、夏、秋、冬四个季节对草鱼肉各部位游离氨基酸含量和核苷酸类物质的影响。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬四季中,草鱼背肉呈味氨基酸的含量占总游离氨基酸含量的百分比分别为27.79%、13.92%、26.99%和36.82%,腹肉中分别为30.68%、13.98%、25.34%和32.85%,红肉中分别为34.32%、24.88%、31.45%和39.09%。气温越低,呈味氨基酸含量的百分比越高。草鱼背肉中的K值分别为6.77%、21.82%、20.11%和1.80%,腹肉中分别为7.86%、27.02%、23.81%和2.85%,红肉中分别为30.57%、58.04%、54.08%和12.72%。气温越低,鲜度越好。同一季节,草鱼红肉部位鲜度最差,呈味氨基酸含量最低。因此,草鱼的最佳食用期是冬春季,有较好的滋味和鲜度。 相似文献
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Jinhua Hu Junwei Zhang Dasong Liu Joe M. Regenstein Peng Zhou 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2016,51(9):2064-2070
Formation of crystals on the surface of dried scallop (Chlamys farreri) adductor muscle is often observed during storage. The composition of these white crystals was determined, and the effect of relative humidity (RH) during storage on their formation was also studied. The white crystals were determined as the crystal of free amino acids, mainly composed of taurine (Tau) and glycine (Gly). The main polymorphic form of glycine in the crystals was further confirmed as the γ‐form. Besides free amino acids, another major part of the crystal composition was ions, such as Na+, NH4+, K+, PO43? and Cl?. The presence of various free amino acids and Na+ and K+ might contribute to the crystallisation of γ‐glycine. RH particularly at 65% and above significantly increased the amount of crystals. RH of 43% and below was recommended to prevent the formation of amino acid‐rich crystals on dried scallops during storage. 相似文献
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Wenxian Yang Wenzheng Shi Yinghong Qu Zhihe Wang Siyuan Shen Ludan Tu Haiyuan Huang Han Wu 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(6):2968-2983
The research on the quality changes of grass carp during brine salting with 6%, 8%, and 10% salt additions was evaluated by chemical and physical indicators, as well as a sensory assessment and microbiological analysis. The NaCl content was proportional to salt addition and salting time. The increase of salt addition could lead to the increase of hardness and chewiness in which change trends were contrary to the pH within 24 hr. All K values were less than 10% during brine salting. The effect of 8% salt additions on free amino acids was relatively smaller. Higher levels of salt additions could inhibit bacterial growth. Combined with sensory assessment, equivalent umami concentration (EUC), and taste activity value (TAV) to analysis comprehensively, it was suggested that grass carp meat should be eaten at 4–8 hr of brine salting with 8% salt additions or processed for the next step, in which the grass carp meat had a better taste and quality. 相似文献
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利用气相色谱质谱联用仪、氨基酸分析仪对8种典型天然成熟干酪的主要滋味成分进行分析,通过滋味活力值和感官评定阐明8种干酪间的滋味差异情况。结果表明:除了山羊乳干酪和布里干酪,其他6种干酪中游离氨基酸对滋味均有贡献,特征滋味氨基酸有缬氨酸和赖氨酸,即干酪共同带有苦味和甜味,而蓝纹干酪特征性氨基酸种类最丰富,滋味最强;8种干酪共检测到11种游离脂肪酸,共有的特征滋味脂肪酸为己酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸。其中酸味程度最强的为艾达姆干酪,帕玛森干酪的醇厚感最强;8种干酪氯化钠含量明显高于阈值,可显著感受到咸味。经感官分析,干酪的滋味中咸味和鲜味比较突出,蓝纹干酪滋味强度最强。 相似文献
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醋豆加工过程中物质含量的变化及醋豆产品的感官评价 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
研究了大豆在醋制过程中物质含量 (包括总酸含量和游离氨基酸含量 )的变化 ,对醋豆产品的感官评价做了分析。结果表明 ,在 3 5mg/mL的白醋和米醋中 ,生豆和熟豆含酸量在开始的 12h内快速增加 ,浸渍醋液的含酸量则快速下降 ,从 2 4h以后 ,豆子的含酸量和浸渍醋液的含酸量都趋于恒定 ;在 3 5~ 8 5mg/mL的白醋中浸渍 ,醋液浓度对醋豆含酸量有明显的影响。生大豆和煮熟大豆的游离氨基酸含量存在较大差异 ,生豆在渍米醋 4 8h以后、熟豆在渍米醋 10h以后 ,其游离氨基酸含量都趋于恒定。含酸量在质量分数 0 6 %左右的熟豆醋豆产品 ,在色泽、气味、硬度、酸度、豆香味及综合评分等方面能为消费者所接受 相似文献
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乳酸菌在青方腐乳中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对从青方腐乳中分离的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、短小奇异菌(Atopobium parvulus)和片球菌(Pediococcus)在青方腐乳中的应用进行了研究。结果表明,这3株乳酸菌对青方腐乳的成熟和风味均有一定的促进作用,其中,片球菌对青方腐乳风味的作用效果最好,改变了腐乳中游离氨基酸的含量和呈味特点,并促进大豆蛋白质的水解,降低了腐乳的硬度、坚实性、粘度和黏附性,使腐乳的感官品质得到改善,是改进青方腐乳风味的协同菌株。 相似文献
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目的 探讨冰温贮藏对黄羽肉鸡肌肉品质及主要呈味物质的影响。方法 以80 d龄黄羽肉鸡为试验材料, 将其分为–1.5 ℃冰温及4 ℃冷藏2个组, 研究挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)和感官评价指标变化, 根据GB 2707得出鸡肉的货架期。在货架期内, 通过氨基酸自动分析法, 检测16种游离氨基酸(free amino acid, FAA)含量。结果 随着贮藏时间的延长, 黄羽肉鸡肌肉的TVB-N值呈现上升的趋势, 而感官评分呈现降低的趋势, 且冰温贮藏比冷藏下降缓慢。在货架期内, 冰温贮藏条件下总游离氨基酸含量比冷藏增加了49.53%; 必需游离氨基酸含量增加了42.05%, 呈味游离氨基酸含量增加了80.52%。结论 与冷藏相比, 冰温贮藏能很好控制黄羽肉鸡肌肉TVB-N值的升高, 延缓肌肉褐变, 明显增加了鸡肉的滋味和适口性。 相似文献
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Wenxian Yang Wenzheng Shi Yinghong Qu Jiaying Qin Zhihe Wang 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(2):1150-1161
This study was aimed at to investigate the quality changes of grass carp during short‐term starvation. The pH, lactic acid, free amino acid, and adenosine triphosphate‐related compounds of dorsal meat, belly meat and red meat in grass carp were measured during starvation for 6 days, and the quality of grass carp was evaluated by K value, equivalent umami concentration (EUC), taste activity value (TAV), and electronic tongue. The pH of three parts meat reached the maximum value on the fourth day, which was closely related to the lactic acid content. Concurrently, the contents of fresh sweet amino acids were higher on the fourth day in all parts. The K values in dorsal meat and belly meat were below 10% during starvation. Considering the overall results of electronic tongue, EUC, and TAV analysis, it is suggested that grass carp should be marketed and eaten with a starvation period of 2–4 days for best taste and quality. 相似文献
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将番茄红素加入鸡肉脯中,分析肉脯在色泽、质构、脂质与蛋白质氧化、抗氧化性能以及感官特性等方面的变化。研究发现:番茄红素能有效改善肉脯的色泽和质构,表现为产品a*(红度)值的上升,b*(黄度)值和L*(亮度)值的下降,以及弹性的提高;随着番茄红素添加量的增加,产品的脂质与蛋白质氧化可得到有效的控制,抗氧化能力显著提升,当其添加量为0.90g/kg时,产品的感官接受度最高,成品的丙二醛含量为0.74 mg/kg、羰基和巯基的含量分别为0.14 nmol/mg蛋白和270.66 nmol/mg蛋白,且表现出良好的抗氧化性(ABTS、DPPH清除能力以及FRAP抗氧化能力分别为195.16μmol/mg蛋白、131.74μmol/mg蛋白和44.39μmol/mg蛋白)。研究结果显示,番茄红素具有改良加工肉制品品质的潜能,有望作为一种天然肉制品添加剂,用于功能性肉制品的开发。 相似文献
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Rui Gao Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Huan Xiang Chun Cui Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(7):4316-4327
This study for the first time explores the possibility of using Corynebacterium glutamicum Ⅲ (C. glutamicum) to shorten the soy sauce fermentation period without compromising product quality. C. glutamicum was added to soy sauce that had been fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 30 days (SS30) to initiate a further 3-day fermentation (yielding SS33). The 3-day fermentation exerted similar impacts on SS30 as the standard fermentation for further 60 days (yielding SS90): that is, increased the contents of total nitrogen, total free amino acids (FAAs), umami FAAs, acids, esters, ketones, furans and sulphur-containing compounds, whilst decreasing the contents of alcohols and phenols. This explained the similarities in taste, aroma and overall liking between SS33 and SS90. The SS90 was the darkest among the three soy sauces. Compared with SS90, SS33 was less salty and smoky, more umami and kokumi, softer and more mellow, higher overall liking, with more 0.5–1 kDa peptides and fewer peptides <0.5 kDa. Therefore, a 3-day fermentation with C. glutamicum after an initial 30 days of a normal soy sauce fermentation represents a simple and effective way to shorten the soy sauce production time from 90 to 33 days whilst increasing greatly the umami taste and mellow sensation. This approach enhances product competitiveness via lowering manufacturing cost. 相似文献
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为了缩短生产周期,提高产品质量和安全性,本文以萝卜干为原料,分别接种肠膜明串珠菌、玉米乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌,以自然发酵为对照,研究不同乳酸菌对萝卜干品质的影响。结果表明,接种发酵和自然发酵p H随发酵时间先降低后保持稳定;亚硝酸盐含量随发酵时间先增加后减小,55 d时接种发酵亚硝酸盐含量明显小于自然发酵(p<0.05),肠膜明串珠菌和玉米乳杆菌发酵亚硝酸盐峰值出现的时间比副干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌和自然发酵早22 d左右;接种发酵和自然发酵的总酸度、挥发酸、挥发酯和游离氨基酸随发酵时间呈上升趋势。乳酸菌纯种发酵萝卜干,可以加快发酵速度,降低亚硝酸盐含量,改善产品品质,其中肠膜明串菌表现最佳。 相似文献