食源蛋白制备血管紧张素抑制肽的研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin I converting enzyme,简称ACE)对于人体血压的调节有着十分重要的作用。血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽(ACEIP)是从食源性蛋白质中提取的功能性肽,有着抑制ACE的作用,从而降低人体血压,达到治疗高血压的目的。本文主要从ACE抑制肽的降压原理、来源、结构、分类及作用特点和前景展望这几方面对其进行总结阐述。     

Effect of enzyme type and hydrolysis conditions on the in vitro angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity and ash content of hydrolysed whey protein isolate

Removal of salts from protein hydrolysate mixture on large scale is very difficult and relatively inefficient. Selecting practical proteinase system and hydrolysis conditions for the production of whey protein isolate (WPI) enzymatic hydrolysates with high angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and low ash content is very useful. The effect of alcalase, neutrase, trypsin and their combined system, i.e. alcalase‐neutrase and trypsin‐neutrase, under two different hydrolysis conditions, i.e. pH‐controlled and pH‐spontaneous drop, on the formation of ACE‐inhibitory peptides and the characteristics of WPI hydrolysate was investigated. Results showed that the ACE‐inhibitory activity of WPI hydrolysate obtained with alcalase was significantly higher than that of its trypsin or neutrase hydrolysate obtained at the same hydrolysis time by both pH‐controlled and pH‐spontaneous drop method (P < 0.05). The WPI hydrolysate obtained after 3 h incubation with alcalase plus 2 h with neutrase under pH‐spontaneous drop condition possessed the highest ACE‐inhibitory activity of 54.30% and the lowest ash content of 2.95%. This is practical as a functional ingredient in the food industry because of its high ACE‐inhibitory capability, commercial availability in large supply of alcalase and neutrase and no needing for additional desalting process.     

乳清蛋白酶解ACE抑制肽分离纯化技术的研究

采用6000 u的超滤膜对乳清蛋白水解物中的ACE抑制肽进行了初步分离,确定了超滤的条件,并测定超滤前后水解物的ACE抑制率,结果表明通过超滤可以富积乳清蛋白水解物中的ACE抑制肽.采用阳离子交换树脂对水解物进行脱盐,通过测定水解物的氮回收率、脱盐率以及ACE抑制率,表明采用阳离子交换树脂脱盐率可以达到80%以上,氮的回收率达到90%以上,而水解物经过阳离子交换树脂基本上对其ACE抑制率没有影响.     

血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽稳定性研究

高血压是心血管疾病最重要的且可治疗的危险因素之一,控制高血压是降低心脑血管疾病的发病率、致残率和死亡率的有效措施。血管紧张素转化酶通过影响肾素-血管紧张素系统和激肽释放酶-激肽系统实现对人体血压调节。文章综述了血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的总体研究趋势、物理化学及酶稳定性的研究现状,并对其值得进一步研究内容进行展望,旨在为血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的研究与开发提供思路。     

乳清蛋白酶解制备ACE抑制肽的研究

采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽，通过体外检测法测定其ACE抑制率。结果表明，碱性蛋白酶水解物的ACE抑制率最大。采用三因素二次通用旋转设计对碱性蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白的水解条件进行优化。研究了底物浓度、温度和酶与底物的质量比对ACE抑制率的影响，建立了回归方程，分析了各因素对ACE抑制率的影响．确定了最优的水解条件。     

海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽在血压调节中起着重要作用,食源性ACE抑制肽具有较强降血压效果,是调节血压的潜在活性成分。海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽是食源性活性肽的重要组成部分,是未来研究的热点。本文综述了海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化、结构鉴定、体外和体内活性研究及构效关系等研究进展,同时对海洋蛋白源ACE抑制肽的研究和应用前景进行展望。      

醋蛋多肽血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的稳定性研究

研究了温度、pH、金属离子、食盐及食品中常见糖类和防腐剂对醋蛋多肽血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性的影响。结果表明:醋蛋多肽的ACE抑制活性对热不稳定,对pH稳定;当金属离子浓度达到5mmol/L时,醋蛋多肽的ACE抑制活性有较明显的下降,其影响大小顺序为K+>Zn2+>Cu2+>Ca2+>Mg2+;食盐能降低醋蛋多肽的ACE抑制活性;在实验浓度范围内,葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、苯甲酸和山梨酸对醋蛋多肽ACE抑制活性影响不大。     

海洋生物来源血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制剂通过抑制ACE活性能够降低血压。目前人工合成ACE抑制药物已开发并应用到降血压的治疗中,但会带来多种副作用。食源性ACE抑制肽与合成抑制剂相比因其副作用小、安全性高等特点,成为ACE抑制肽研究的热点。由于独特的生活环境与巨大的存在数量,海洋生物具有与陆地生物截然不同的化学结构及丰富的生物活性成分。海洋生物来源ACE抑制肽的研究为食源性ACE抑制肽的筛选提供了基础。本文结合海洋生物来源ACE抑制肽的作用机制及制备流程,对鱼类、软体动物、虾类、藻类及海绵、海蜇、粗刺参等不同生物来源的ACE抑制肽制备工艺进行了综述,并对海洋生物的综合开发利用进行了概括。     

复合酶解乳清蛋白制备降血压肽的研究

采用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽,通过体外检测法测定其ACE抑制率。通过正交试验,得出最优水解条件,即碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶[E1/E2]之比为5:4,温度为45℃,pH值为8.0,时间为150min,水解度11.92%的条件下,乳清蛋白肽对ACE的抑制能力最强,达到60.19%。     

利用鲫鱼加工下脚料酶解制备ACE抑制肽的工艺优化

以鲫鱼加工下脚料为原料,用酶解法制备ACE抑制肽,并以血管紧张素转化酶(angiotension converting enzyme,ACE)抑制率为指标,从碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶中筛选出最佳酶解蛋白酶为胃蛋白酶;以单因素试验为基础,应用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,探讨各自变量及其交互作用对ACE抑制率的影响,通过模拟得到的二次多元式方程预测模型,确定最佳酶解条件为:料液比14.4(mV)、加酶量[E]/[S]=521U/g、酶解时间5.3h。以优化条件制备的酶解产物ACE实际抑制率可达75.79%,与理论预测值76.17%相差不大。     

乳酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽的分离纯化

本研究以酪蛋白为原料,采用微生物蛋白酶A水解,其酶解产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的活性有较强的抑制作用(水解度17.4%)。采用DA201-C型大孔树脂脱盐,样品脱盐率达到85%以上,ACE抑制率提高一倍,并用SephadexG-15(层析柱规格1.6cm×85cmI.D.)对脱盐后产物分离纯化,洗脱液为0.02moL/L醋酸缓冲液;反相高效液相色谱(色谱柱μBondapakC183.9mm×300mmI.D.和μBondapakC1819mm×300mmI.D.)在以流动相A梯度洗脱的条件下对产物进一步分离纯化,经纯度分析最终得到单一纯品,其体外ACE抑制率达到84.4%和79.6%。     

Purification and characterisation of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from lysozyme hydrolysates

Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was hydrolysed with trypsin, papain and a combination of the two. The prepared hydrolysates exhibited ACE inhibitory activity. The hydrolysates were fractionated using ultrafiltration and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Three fractions, which showed the highest ACE inhibitory activities, were purified by RP-HPLC. They were the F₇ (from papain-trypsin hydrolysate), F₈ (from papain hydrolysate) and F₃ (from trypsin hydrolysate) fractions. The IC₅₀ values were 0.03, 0.155 and 0.23 mg/ml for F₇, F₈ and F₃, respectively. The F₇ fraction was the most potent ACE inhibitor peptide, and was composed of 12 amino acids, Phe-Glu-Ser-Asn-Phe-Asn-Thr-Gln-Ala-Thr-Asn-Arg (MW: 1428.6 Da). Lineweaver-Burk plots suggest that the F₇ peptide acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor against ACE. The kinetic parameters (K_m, V_max, and K_i) for the F₇ peptide were measured and compared to the control.     

佛手提取物及活性部位抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性的研究

目的：筛选不同溶剂佛手提取物对血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）的抑制作用及活性部位。方法：用HPLC法比较不同溶剂佛手提取物对ACE的抑制作用,并提取纯化抑制ACE作用最大的佛手提取物的活性部位。结果：不同溶剂佛手提取物中甲醇提取物对ACE的抑制活性最高,抑制率达到77%。佛手提取物40%甲醇洗脱部位对ACE抑制活性较高。结论：采用甲醇提取,大孔吸附树脂吸附,40%甲醇洗脱,获得对ACE酶具有较强抑制作用的佛手活性部位是可行的。     

Grass carp peptides hydrolysed by the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase: Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity,antioxidant activities and physicochemical profiles

In this study, grass carp peptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of grass carp protein using the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase, and angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro, antihypertensive activity in vivo, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical properties of peptides achieved from grass carp protein were characterised after ultrafiltration and desalted processes using mixed ion exchange resins. The purified peptides exhibited strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 105 μg mL^?1), antihypertensive activity with the maximal drop for systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 43 mmHg at a dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and antioxidant activities indicated by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance values in a liposome‐oxidising system, radical‐scavenging activity and chelation of metal ions (Fe²⁺). The molecular weight of peptides was <1000 Da. Compared to grass carp protein, the peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates possessed similar amino acid compositions, but contained higher concentrations of essential amino acids. Moreover, the peptides exhibited excellent solubility at a wide range of pH values from 2 to 10, and lower apparent viscosity than the protein. The peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates might be used as a promising ingredient in antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.     

Purification of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from sunflower protein hydrolysates by reverse-phase chromatography following affinity purification

The purification of a peptidic fraction with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity from sunflower protein hydrolysates by affinity chromatography was recently described. We now describe that reverse-phase HPLC fractionation of this product yields several fractions with IC₅₀ one order of magnitude higher than those previously purified by reverse-phase HPLC following gel filtration chromatography, showing that affinity chromatography is much more effective than gel filtration chromatography as a first step for purification of ACE inhibitory peptides. The amino acid composition of these fractions is presented, but attempts to determine their amino acid sequence failed, showing that these fractions contained more than one peptide.     

The impact of fermentation and in vitro digestion on formation angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from pea proteins

Pea seeds were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum 299v in monoculture under different time and temperature conditions and the fermented products were digested in vitro under gastrointestinal conditions. After fermentation and digestion ACE inhibitory activity was determined. In all samples after fermentation no ACE inhibitory activity was noted. Potentially antihypertensive peptides were released during in vitro digestion. The highest DH (68.62%) were noted for control sample, although the lowest IC₅₀ value (0.19 mg/ml) was determined for product after 7 days fermentation at 22 °C. The hydrolysate characterised by the highest ACE inhibitory activity was separated on Sephadex G10 and two peptides fractions were obtained. The highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 64.04 μg/ml) for the first fraction was noted. This fraction was separated by HPLC and identified by LC–MS/MS and the sequence of peptide derived from pea proteins was determined as KEDDEEEEQGEEE.     

酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽干燥工艺的探讨

喷雾干燥技术和冷冻干燥技术对酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽的抑制活性影响差异不显著(P>0.05),通过比较不同的喷雾干燥工艺条件,确定其进口温度范围为140～160℃,出口温度范围为70～90℃。1L小试和10L小试放大试验结果证实,肽得率稳定,为29%左右,半抑制质量浓度(IC50)为0.53g/L。     

Effect of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide purified from skate skin hydrolysate

Our objective was to evaluate the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of skate skin protein hydrolysates and its corresponding fractions. The skate skin hydrolysates were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase, α-chymotrypsin, neutrase, pepsin, papain, and trypsin. Amongst the six hydrolysates, the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate had the highest ACE inhibitory activity compared to other hydrolysates. The amino acid sequences of the purified peptides were identified to be Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu–Gly–Leu–Thr–Gly–Pro (975.38 Da), and Gln–Leu–Gly–Phe–Leu–Gly–Pro–Arg (874.45 Da). The purified peptides from skate skin had an IC₅₀ value of 95 μM and 148 μM, respectively, and the Lineweaver–Burk plots suggest that they act as a non-competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our study suggested that novel ACE inhibitory peptides derived from skate skin protein may be beneficial as anti-hypertension compounds in functional foods.     

Identification of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant peptides in a whey protein concentrate hydrolysate produced at semi‐pilot scale

Antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were identified in a 5 kDa ultrafiltration permeate of a whey protein hydrolysate generated at semi‐pilot scale. Further laboratory scale ultrafiltration of this 5 kDa permeate resulted in a 0.65 kDa permeate with antioxidant, (1.11 ± 0.074 μmol TE per mg dry weight, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and ACE inhibitory (ACE IC₅₀ 0.215 ± 0.043 mg mL^?1) activities. Semi‐preparative (SP) reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) of the 0.65 kDa permeate resulted in a fraction (SP_F3) with a 4.4‐fold increase in ORAC activity (4.83 ± 0.45 μmol TE mg dry weight) and a 1.3‐fold increase in ACE inhibitory activity (84.35 ± 1.36% inhibition when assayed at 0.28 mg mL^?1). Peptides within SP_F3 were identified using UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Met‐Pro‐Ile had the highest ORAC activity (205.75 ± 12.08 μmol TE per mmol peptide) while Met‐Ala‐Ala and Val‐Ala‐Gly‐Thr had the highest ACE inhibitory activities (IC₅₀:515.50 ± 1.11 and 610.30 ± 2.41 μm , respectively).