三种浆果提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:探讨笃斯越橘、紫叶稠李和山桃稠李三种浆果提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并比较三者的体外抗氧化活性。方法:将三种浆果的烘干粉末分别用蒸馏水和60%（体积分数）乙醇浸提,然后将它们稀释为五个梯度后,采用分光光度法、水杨酸比色法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、硫代硫酸钠滴定法、铁氰化钾还原法测定三种浆果提取物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢的清除能力以及总还原能力。结果:这三种浆果提取物都具有较强的体外抗氧化作用。其中笃斯越橘醇提物最强DPPH.清除率为93.50%、紫叶稠李水提物最强.OH清除率为95.45%、紫叶稠李水提物最强O2-.清除率为88.81%、山桃稠李水提物最强H2O2清除率为70.71%,山桃稠李水提物总还原能力最强为1.901。结论:三种浆果提取物对4种自由基清除率和总还原能力都具有明显的剂量依赖关系,并且同种浆果的不同提取物对自由基的清除率也不同。      

25个南瓜品种不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、清除[2,2’-连氨-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐]（ABTS）自由基以及铁离子还原能力（FRAP）的方法,以BHT为阳性对照药物,研究25个南瓜品种的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:南瓜提取物清除DPPH自由基能力均较弱;\     

拐枣不同提取物的体外抗氧化作用

对拐枣子、拐枣和拐枣枝体积分数为80%的乙醇溶液浸提物抗氧化性进行比较,再选取拐枣为试验材料,经体积分数为80%的乙醇浸提浸膏分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇萃取,福林酚法测定不同极性部位多酚含量,通过测定DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除率,研究拐枣萃取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明,拐枣对DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率分别为87.07%和95.67%,其抗氧化性高于拐枣子及拐枣枝;拐枣乙醇提取物浸膏不同极性萃取物中,乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化能力最强,其多酚含量为202.8 mg/g,对DPPH和ABTS自由基清除作用的IC50分别为182 μg/mL和60 μg/mL,最大清除效率分别为94.0%和98.57%。试验表明拐枣具有较好的抗氧化能力,具有开发利用的价值。     

In vitro antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from corn gluten meal

BACKGROUND: Corn gluten meal (CGM), a major by‐product of corn wet milling, is mainly used as forage in China. Because of its particular amino acid composition, in which there are large amounts of hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine, alanine and phenylalanine, CGM protein was thought to be a good resource to obtain antioxidant peptides. CGM protein was hydrolysed with a biochemical grade alcalase and the derived hydrolysates were assessed for their antioxidant properties in different in vitro assay systems, including inhibiting activity on lipid peroxidation, by reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The effects of concentration and molecular weight (MW) of hydrolysates on antioxidant activity were investigated. RESULTS: The results showed that CGM hydrolysates were effective antioxidants, and there was a dose‐dependent relationship between hydrolysate concentration and antioxidant activity; the highest antioxidant activity was found in peptides 500–1500 Da, and the antioxidant activity of peptides below 500 Da or peptides above 1500 Da were all lower than that of total hydrolysates. CONCLUSIONS: The finding showed that the antioxidant activity of CGM hydrolysates was related to molecular weight and hydrolysate concentration, and the active antioxidant fraction should be in the peptides fraction of 500–1500 Da. CGM protein hydrolysates can be a source of natural antioxidant and used as a food additive. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

糖基化大豆蛋白体外消化产物的生物活性研究

为了分析体外消化作用及超滤处理对糖基化大豆蛋白抗氧化活性及抑菌活性的影响,分别利用胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶酶解糖基化大豆蛋白,在一定的条件下水解度分别达到了4.9%和6.4%,此时可溶性蛋白质含量分别为13.6、15.0 mg/m L;再经过超滤处理得到相对分子质量低于5 000的组分,两种超滤组分的可溶性蛋白质含量分别为9.65、10.65 mg/m L。糖基化大豆蛋白体外消化产物的抑菌活性没有发生显著变化,但是抗氧化活性下降;进一步的超滤处理能够获得具有较高生物活性的组分:胃蛋白酶消化产物超滤组分的亚铁离子螯合率提高了约1倍;胰蛋白酶消化产物超滤组分的还原力及羟基自由基清除率显著提高;同时,胃蛋白酶消化产物超滤组分对大肠杆菌具有抑制活性,而胰蛋白酶消化产物超滤组分则具有较强的抑制作用。结果表明,结合体外消化作用及超滤处理能够显著改善糖基化大豆蛋白的生物活性。     

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of polyphenols from different molasses (pekmez) and leather (pestil) varieties

In this study, to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of eight different pekmez and pestil samples, total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. For the analysis of antioxidant activity, four different methods were used including 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazil, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 12–50%, 3–17% and 3–72% of the total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity of IN fraction was 2–57% of the initial values obtained for pekmez and pestil samples. To identify the influence of simulated in vitro GI digestion on total anthocyanins, only black mulberry molasses (pekmez) and plum leather (pestil) were analysed and according to the results no anthocyanins were detected in the IN fraction for both samples. The present study presented a detailed insight of bioaccessibility of polyphenols in various pekmez and pestil samples.     

A physiologic approach to test the global antioxidant response of foods. The GAR method

Several methods have been applied to measure antioxidants in foods. Extraction methods have previously relied on chemical methods which are non-physiological or based on enzymatic hydrolysis. Whatever the method used, the insoluble fraction is systematically excluded. The global antioxidant response (GAR) method use an in vitro approach with enzymatic digestion, designed to mimic digestion through the gastrointestinal tract, aimed to release antioxidants from foods. A total of 27 samples were analysed using the ABTS and FRAP assays applied to the soluble and insoluble fractions. The GAR method showed a higher antioxidant activity compared with the usual chemical extraction and the Quencher (direct) method. The soluble fraction was more antioxidant than the chemical extracts due to the release of compounds from the hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins. In addition, the GAR method allowed the measurement of the antioxidant activity in the insoluble fraction, which was important in fibre-rich samples.     

超声-微波协同萃取野樱莓原花青素及体外模拟消化抗氧化活性研究

为研究野樱莓原花青素在模拟体外胃肠消化过程中抗氧化活性的变化。采用超声-微波协同萃取法提取原花青素并探讨了乙醇体积分数、提取时间、液料比和提取温度对原花青素提取率的影响。结果表明,超声-微波协同萃取野樱莓原花青素的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数为60%,提取时间40min,液料比为20∶1mL/g,提取温度为50℃,在此条件下野樱莓原花青素提取率为5.77%±1.01%。模拟体外消化表明野樱莓原花青素消化产物具有较强的抗氧化活性。在模拟口腔唾液消化15min时,野樱莓原花青素的·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除能力达到最强,而O₂^-·在模拟唾液消化过程中无明显变化。在模拟胃液消化1h时·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除率最强,DPPH·自由基清除率在模拟胃液消化2h时达到最强;在模拟小肠消化4h时,野樱莓原花青素的·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除率最强,DPPH·自由基清除率在消化6h时最强。     

超声-微波协同萃取野樱莓原花青素及体外模拟消化抗氧化活性研究

为研究野樱莓原花青素在模拟体外胃肠消化过程中抗氧化活性的变化。采用超声-微波协同萃取法提取原花青素并探讨了乙醇体积分数、提取时间、液料比和提取温度对原花青素提取率的影响。结果表明,超声-微波协同萃取野樱莓原花青素的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数为60%,提取时间40min,液料比为20∶1mL/g,提取温度为50℃,在此条件下野樱莓原花青素提取率为5.77%±1.01%。模拟体外消化表明野樱莓原花青素消化产物具有较强的抗氧化活性。在模拟口腔唾液消化15min时,野樱莓原花青素的·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除能力达到最强,而O₂^-·在模拟唾液消化过程中无明显变化。在模拟胃液消化1h时·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除率最强,DPPH·自由基清除率在模拟胃液消化2h时达到最强;在模拟小肠消化4h时,野樱莓原花青素的·OH和O₂^-·自由基清除率最强,DPPH·自由基清除率在消化6h时最强。     

体外模拟胃肠消化对缢蛏抗氧化活性的影响

目的 基于体外模拟消化系统探究胃肠模拟消化对缢蛏的抗氧化活性的影响以及氨基酸含量的变化。方法 以新鲜缢蛏为原料,向体外模拟消化系统加入胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶,模拟在胃液和肠液下的胃消化、十二指肠消化和小肠消化过程,研究缢蛏在消化过程中的羟基自由基(·OH)清除率、二苯代苦味酰基自由基(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH·)清除率、还原力、水解度、游离氨基态氮及游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果 整个胃肠消化阶段,加酶组的·OH清除率、DPPH·清除率、还原力均高于对照组。肠消化产物的·OH清除率、DPPH·清除率、还原能力及水解度均高于胃消化产物,并且肠消化产物中的总游离氨基酸含量及具有抗氧化特征的氨基酸含量均显著高于胃消化产物(P<0.05)。在十二指肠消化阶段,·OH清除率、DPPH·清除率、还原力值达到最高。结论 体外模拟消化处理能够提高缢蛏的抗氧化活性,其中十二指肠消化阶段产物抗氧化活性最高。     

体外模拟消化对酸枣仁蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响

目的：以具有良好抗氧化活性的酸枣仁蛋白酶解产物（SZPHs）为研究对象,探究体外模拟胃肠消化对其氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性的影响。方法：通过体外模拟胃肠消化,得到酸枣仁蛋白酶解产物消化物（SZPHs-GD）,并分析SZPHs消化前后的氨基酸组成以及体外抗氧化活性。结果：体外模拟胃肠消化后,SZPHs-GD中疏水性氨基酸含量降低了1.51%,亲水性氨基酸和带负电荷氨基酸含量分别升高了0.83%和2.11%,必需氨基酸含量无显著变化;分子量分布结果表明,SZPHs及SZPHs-GD分子量主要分布在5 kDa以下,且体外模拟消化后<5 kDa组分比例增加;经体外模拟胃肠消化后,SZPHs-GD对DPPH自由基清除率最高可达81.25%,对ABTS⁺自由基清除率最高可达90.40%,对超氧阴离子自由基清除率最高可达47.51%,对羟基自由基清除率最高可达32.66%。结论：经模拟体外胃肠消化后,SZPHs-GD仍具有较好的氨基酸组成以及较高的体外抗氧化活性。     

Protein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Protein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean (eight varieties) in China were analysed following in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (including dialysis). Soymilk from black soybean possessed high okara weight but low yield, protein content and sensory scores. The in vitro digestibility of protein in all black soymilk samples was higher than 60%, and the Shenmu black soybean exhibited the highest digestibility. Non-digested milk from the black soybean exhibited significantly high total phenolic content (TPC) (127.15–173.04 mg/100 mL), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (272.18–366.27 μmol L⁻¹) and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (61.20–83.81%). These parameters were significantly lower in the non-digested soymilk than those in soymilk after gastric digestion but higher than those of soymilk in the dialysed fraction. Gastric digestion significantly increased bioactive compound levels released from black soymilk, and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was 24.37–36.05%. Hence, black soymilk was sufficiently available for human absorption.     

诺丽多糖的单糖组成分析及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:不同浓度乙醇醇沉诺丽多糖,并对比分析其单糖组成及抗氧化活性的差异。方法:不同浓度乙醇醇沉超声辅助提取得到的诺丽多糖经脱色脱蛋白纯化后,利用柱前衍生化HPLC法测定其单糖组成,并采用三种抗氧化活性评价方法比较其抗氧化活性差异。结果:四个多糖样品均主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及阿拉伯糖组成,但摩尔百分比不同,30%（A）、50%（B）、70%（C）、90%（D）乙醇醇沉的四个多糖样品的单糖摩尔百分比依次为1.33∶4.24∶77.22∶9.83∶7.38、2.58∶2.28∶52.20∶31.40∶11.54、1.32∶6.45∶47.00∶32.91∶12.31、3.18∶3.39∶27.23∶45.50∶20.70。四个多糖样品对DPPH·和O₂^-·的清除能力大小排序相同,均为D>C>B>A;对OH·的清除能力大小排序为C>B>A>D。结论:四个多糖样品中主要单糖组成相同,但摩尔百分比不同,70%乙醇醇沉诺丽多糖的抗氧化活性最强。      

海金沙黄酮体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究海金沙黄酮(Flavones from Lygodiu mjaponicum,FLJ)的制备与体外抗氧化活性。方法:通过回流法萃取和大孔吸附树脂纯化,得到纯化的FLJ。以VC、BHT、芦丁和槲皮素为阳性对照,对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、烷基自由基的清除率以及抑制油脂过氧化的能力进行研究。结果:FLJ对上述自由基均有一定的清除作用,对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力弱于VC、芦丁和槲皮素;对油脂抗氧化作用强于BHT和VC。浓度为1.04mg/mL的FLJ和VC对烷基自由基的清除能力相当。FLJ的添加量在实验范围内与其抗氧化活性呈正相关。结论:FLJ具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。     

In vitro study on antioxidant activities of peanut protein hydrolysate

Peanut protein was hydrolysed with a commercial protease, Alcalase 2.4L, and the resulting hydrolysate was investigated for its antioxidant activities, including the ability to inhibit the autoxidation of linoleic acid, the scavenging effect on the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, the reducing power and the inhibition of liver lipid oxidation. As compared with the peanut protein, peanut protein hydrolysate showed strong inhibition of the autoxidation of linoleic acid, to scavenge DPPH free radical and showed strong reducing power. Moreover, peanut protein hydrolysate also displayed noticeable inhibition of liver lipid autoxidation and lipid oxidation induced by H₂O₂ or Fe²⁺ in vitro. All these effects of the sample were concentration‐dependent. These results suggest that peanut protein hydrolysate could be a suitable natural antioxidant and may be a health food for humans. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry