石墨烯/高密度聚乙烯在水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能研究

目的 探究石墨烯/高密度聚乙烯高分子材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,提高高密度聚乙烯的自润滑和耐磨损性能.方法 采用石墨烯纳米片填充高密度聚乙烯材料,利用RTEC摩擦磨损试验机,开展新型复合材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能研究.通过分析新型复合材料的典型机械性能、摩擦系数、磨损形貌以及摩擦副接触表面的元素成分及分布情况,揭示石墨烯/高密度聚乙烯在水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损机理.结果 新型复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和肖氏硬度均随着石墨烯纳米片含量的增加而先增高后降低,1.5％石墨烯纳米片改性高密度聚乙烯表现出最高的强度,分别为19.81 MPa、31.34 MPa和92.6HSA.新型复合材料的平均摩擦系数和体积行程磨损率总体随着石墨烯含量的增加而减小,1.5％石墨烯纳米片改性的高密度聚乙烯平均摩擦系数和体积行程磨损率比纯高密度聚乙烯分别降低了53.6％和73.9％.Si3N4陶瓷球与1.5％、0.6％石墨烯纳米片改性高密度聚乙烯进行3600 s对磨试验,其磨损区域的碳元素质量分数分别约为3.5％和0.3％,表明含量较高的石墨烯纳米片有利于在微观界面形成石墨烯润滑层,从而降低摩擦系数.结论 石墨烯纳米片显著影响高密度聚乙烯的自润滑性能和耐磨损性能,适量的石墨烯纳米片促进了高密度聚乙烯磨损界面石墨烯润滑层的形成,降低摩擦系数和磨损量.该研究可为设计低摩擦、耐磨损的水润滑轴承复合材料提供参考.     

石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用粉末冶金法制备了多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料,并系统研究了多层石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料微观组织、导电率、硬度及电弧侵蚀的影响。结果表明,复合材料密度随多层石墨烯含量的增加而减小。多层石墨烯含量为0.5%的石墨烯/银复合材料具有最佳的导电率,为84.5%IACS。当多层石墨烯含量高于2.0%以后,复合材料硬度降低幅度明显增大。多层石墨烯含量为1.5%的多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料表现出最优异的抗电弧侵蚀性能。     

石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料,并系统研究了多层石墨烯含量对多层石墨烯/银复合材料微观组织、导电率、硬度及电弧侵蚀的影响。结果表明,复合材料密度随多层石墨烯含量的增加而减小。多层石墨烯含量为0.5%的石墨烯/银复合材料具有最佳的导电率,为84.5% IACS。当多层石墨烯含量高于2.0%以后,复合材料硬度降低幅度明显增大。多层石墨烯含量为1.5%的多层石墨烯/银电接触复合材料表现出最优异的抗电弧侵蚀性能。     

低压压制和真空烧结制备银-石墨烯复合材料的致密化行为

为阐明低压压制成形和真空烧结制备的银-石墨烯复合材料的致密化行为,通过24 h机械球磨制得石墨烯含量0.5wt.%至2.0wt.%的银-石墨烯复合粉末,随后进行低压双向压制和真空烧结。通过测量复合材料压制后和烧结后的密度,研究了不同成形压力和不同烧结温度工艺条件下复合材料的成形能力和烧结能力。试验结果表明：银-石墨烯粉末的压制数据符合川北公夫方程。致密化系数(K)值随石墨烯含量的增加而增大,表明复合粉末抗塑性变形能力增大。银-0.5wt.%石墨烯复合材料具有最佳的烧结性能。石墨烯含量1.5wt.%的复合材料具有较好增强效果的力学性能,其抗拉强度达到252 MPa。     

铜/石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

为了提高铜和石墨烯之间的界面结合强度,采用化学镀的方法使石墨烯表面均匀包裹纳米铜颗粒,然后利用粉末冶金工艺制备铜/石墨烯块体复合材料。本文研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料硬度和致密度的影响,并通过HSR-2M高速往复摩擦磨损试验机研究了铜/石墨烯块体复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:石墨烯的加入对铜/石墨烯块体复合材料的硬度有显著的提高,但致密度随石墨烯含量的增加而降低,块体复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于未增强的纯铜。     

外加载荷对碳纳米管-银-石墨复合材料电磨损性能的影响

研究了压力变化对碳纳米管-银-石墨复合材料纯机械磨损和电磨损性能的影响.结果表明:在纯机械磨损条件下,随着压力的增加,复合材料的磨损体积线性增加;在电磨损条件下,复合材料的磨损体积与压力成U型变化;当压力过小时,由于电气磨损量大以及电刷跳动产生的火花磨损,导致复合材料的电磨损体积较大;当压力过大时,破坏了电刷和换向器之间形成的润滑膜,产生严重的犁削和粘着磨损,使复合材料的电磨损体积急剧增大;复合材料的电磨损体积与电刷的极性有关,正刷的磨损体积大于负刷的磨损体积;随着压力的增大,复合材料的摩擦系数也随之增大,且在相同条件下,电磨损时的摩擦系数大于纯机械磨损时的摩擦系数;碳纳米管的加入可以提高复合材料的抗电磨损性能.     

碳纳米管-ZM1镁锌基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

制备了不同含量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的ZM1/碳纳米管复合材料,研究了复合材料的硬度及摩擦磨损性能,显微组织和磨损形貌。结果表明,加入适当的MWCNT可以有效提高ZM1/碳纳米管复合材料的硬度,减小摩擦系数,降低磨损量,提高ZM1/碳纳米管复合材料的抗摩擦磨损能力。     

不同碳质相增强银基复合材料的电接触行为

采用粉末冶金工艺制备碳质相质量分数为3%的不同碳质相(石墨、碳纳米管和石墨烯)增强银基复合材料,并对其微观组织和物理性能进行表征。对复合材料触头进行直流阻性负载条件下的电弧侵蚀试验,研究了不同碳质相对复合材料电弧特征、材料转移和质量净损耗的影响。结果表明,银-碳纳米管复合材料具有最佳的致密度、硬度和抗拉强度;而银-石墨烯复合材料具有最好的导电率。复合材料触头的材料转移方式均为阴极向阳极转移。同等电接触参数条件下,银-石墨烯复合材料具有最佳电接触性能,其燃弧时间最短、燃弧能量最低、材料转移量和质量净损耗最少。     

石墨烯和石墨增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能（英文）

采用热压方法制备不同石墨烯含量的铜-石墨烯复合材料,并将其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能与用相同方法制备的铜-石墨复合材料进行对比。实验结果表明:当复合材料中石墨与石墨烯体积分数相同时,铜-石墨烯复合材料具有更高的相对密度、显微硬度以及抗弯强度。随着铜-石墨烯复合材料中石墨烯含量的增加,材料的摩擦系数及磨损率明显降低,而铜-石墨复合材料中石墨的减磨作用较小。两种复合材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。铜-石墨烯复合材料优异的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能得益于石墨烯高的润滑效率及其对铜基体的增强作用,这表明石墨烯是铜基复合材料的理想添加剂,不仅可以作为有效的润滑剂,还可以作为良好的强化相。     

石墨烯及碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料微观组织与耐磨性能研究

为提高铝基材料耐磨性,采用化学镀铜、镀镍复合方法制备镍铜原子包裹石墨烯和镀碳纳米管,在Al-5Mg混合粉体中添加不同质量分数(0. 1%、0. 2%)的复合镀石墨烯,并在添加质量分数为0. 5%的复合镀石墨烯基础上,添加不同质量分数(0. 1%、0. 3%和0. 5%)的复合镀碳纳米管后,进行超声-电磁复合分散,通过真空热压烧结的方法,制备石墨烯及碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜对试样进行微观组织观察,利用能谱仪对其进行微区成分分析,采用摩擦磨损试验机测试试样摩擦系数和磨损量。研究结果表明:当添加质量分数为0. 5%的石墨烯和0. 5%的碳纳米管时,所制备的铝基复合材料基体上均匀分布着亮白的铝镍相和石墨烯及碳纳米管,局部有石墨烯及碳纳米管团聚现象,团聚的石墨烯及碳纳米管表面保留着复合镀后的镍和铜元素。铝基复合材料的摩擦系数及磨损量随着石墨烯及碳纳米管添加量的增加而明显降低,当加入质量分数为0. 5%的石墨烯和0. 5%的碳纳米管时,其摩擦系数降低至0. 14～0. 27之间。     

原位合成Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

通过采用粉末冶金和原位合成技术相结合的近净成形技术制备Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料,并运用M一2000摩擦磨损试验机对该复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。通过单一变量比较法分析载荷和滑动速度对Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,同时对长时间连续磨损下该材料的摩擦性能进行研究。通过扫描电子显微镜对Al-5％Si-Al2O3复合材料的磨损表面进行观察,并分析其磨损机制。结果表明,随着载荷的增大,试样的磨损量和摩擦因数均增加;随着滑动速度的增大,试样表面的升温使得产生氧化层的速率增加,试样的磨损量和摩擦因数均减少。在长时间的连续磨损过程中,由于初始时发生粘着磨损,试样的摩擦因数随着滑动距离的增大而增大。然后,试样表面氧化层的形成和破坏趋于动态平衡,试样表面相对稳定,其摩擦因数也随之趋于平稳。铝基复合材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

Characterization and Tribological Properties of Graphene/Copper Composites Fabricated by Electroless Plating and Powder Metallurgy

Self-lubricating copper matrix composites reinforced with graphene were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy.The morphology and structure of graphene,Cu@graphene powder,and Cu@graphene/Cu composites were characterized and the tribological properties of Cu@graphene/Cu composites were investigated.The X-ray diffraction pattern of Cu@graphene confirms the coexistence of characteristic peaks of both copper and graphene,with a weakened characteristic peak of carbon impurity.The obtained morphology of Cu@graphene reveals that the surface of the graphene is completely covered with a uniform and compact copper layer with lots of copper nanoparticles.Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the oxygen functional groups and defects on the surface of the redox graphene can be reduced through the electroless plating process.The tribological results indicate that the coefficient of friction of Cu@graphene/Cu composites initially decreases and then increases with an increase in Cu@graphene content.The lowest coefficient of friction,which is about 29.47% lower than that of pure Cu,is achieved in the Cu@graphene/Cu composites with 3.0 wt%Cu@graphene.The chemical composition and topography of the wear tracks for Cu@graphene/Cu composites infer that the formation of a well-consolidated graphene-rich lubricious tribolayer at the contact surface and a higher microhardness work together to enhance the tribological performance of Cu@graphene/Cu composites.     

生理盐水润滑下PEEK/WK复合材料的摩擦学性能

为研究生理盐水润滑条件下碳酸钙晶须含量、载荷大小、滑动速度因素对PEEK/CaCO3复合材料摩擦学性能的影响规律,并考察复合材料的摩擦学稳定性,在自制改性偶联剂处理晶须表面的基础上制备了PEEK/CaCO3复合材料,利用MMW1A立式万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合材料的摩擦学性能进行测试,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨损表面形貌进行扫描分析表征。结果表明,晶须含量对复合材料摩擦学性能影响明显,在0.9%的生理盐水润滑条件下PEEK/CaCO3复合材料随着晶须含量的增加,摩擦因数及比磨损率均呈现先减小后增大现象;当晶须质量分数为15%左右时,复合材料的摩擦因数达到最低值,同时比磨损量相对最低,复合材料与摩擦副的磨合过程相对平稳,具有较好的摩擦学性能,表现为粘着腐蚀磨损特征。外加载荷、滑动速度增大,材料的摩擦因数增大,比磨损率增加。     

不同热处理下滑动速度对SiCp/Al复合材料摩擦学性能影响研究

SiCp/Al复合材料非匀质性微观结构使其摩损机制较传统匀质材料更为复杂,不同工况及热处理工艺下复合材料的摩擦学性能也存在差异。以SiCp/2024Al复合材料为研究对象,进行球-面接触干滑动摩擦磨损实验,探究它在不同热处理状态及滑动速率下的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制。结果表明:热处理对复合材料力学性能和摩擦学性能有显著影响,固溶+人工时效态复合材料具有更高的强度、硬度及耐磨性;滑动速度影响复合材料的表面接触性质及磨损程度,摩擦因数和磨损量随滑动速度提高逐渐增大;随滑动速度增加,复合材料主要磨损机制由剥层磨损向磨粒磨损转变,而磨损机制的转变明显加快了复合材料的磨损,在实际应用中应尽量避免此现象发生。     

Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering

Ni-based self-lubricating composites containing a fixed amount of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)(5 wt%)and different amounts of graphene(0-1.5 wt%)were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion,high-energy ball milling,and spark plasma sintering.The effects of the graphene content on the physical,mechanical,and wear properties of the Ni/h-BN composites were evaluated.These properties were first enhanced with increasing graphene content,reaching optimal behavior for a graphene content of 1 wt%,and then degraded with further graphene addition.Compared to the pure Ni/h-BN composite,the relative density,hardness,and bending strength of the composite with 1 wt% graphene increased by 2.7%,7.4%,and6.3%,respectively,while the friction coefficient decreased by 56% to 0.31,and a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 5-15 was observed.The mechanism for improving the wear properties of the composite with added graphene was due to the formation of a graphene lubricating film on the worn surface,which increased the load bearing capacity of the surface and enhanced lubrication during wear.     

Influence of graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact materials

CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact composite material was prepared by means of powder metallurgical method. The influence of the graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of electrical contact levels was examined. In experiments, CNTs content was retained as 1% (mass fraction), and graphite was added at content levels of 8%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The results indicate that with the increase of graphite content, the contact resistance of electrical contacts is enhanced to a certain level then remains constant. Friction coefficient decreases gradually with the increase of graphite content. Wear mass loss decreases to the minimum value then increases. With the small content of graphite, the adhesive wear is hindered, which leads to the decrease of wear mass loss, while excessive graphite brings much more worn debris, resulting in the increase of mass loss. It is concluded that wear mass loss reaches the minimum value when the graphite mass fraction is about 13%. Compared with conventional Ag-G contact material, the wear mass loss of CNTs-Ag-G composite is much less due to the obvious increase of hardness and electrical conductivity, decline of friction surface temperature and inhibition of adhesive wear between composites and slip rings.     

Tribological Behavior of In Situ TiC/Graphene/Graphite/Ti6Al4V Matrix Composite Through Laser Cladding

The TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding.The microstructure and tribological behavior of the coating were studied.The in situ reaction between graphene and Ti occurred,and feathery TiC was formed.The feathery TiC was homogeneously distributed between α'acicular martensites which was refined with the addition of graphene.Some graphene was transformed into a11otrope graphite under the laser irradiation.The TiC hard particles and the self-lubrication of graphene/graphite improved the wear resistance of composite coating.The wear rate and friction coefficient of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating decreased with the increase in sliding speed,a mechanical mixing layer (MML) was formed on the wear surface of the composite coating under the frictional heat,which protected the substrate and reduced the contact.Because of the self-lubricating properties of graphene/graphite,interlayer sliding occurred easily,which also effectively reduced friction.The wear rate of TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6A14V composite coating increased with the increase in load,but the friction coefficient decreased.The plastic deformation of subsurface layer was more serious under high load,and a stable self-lubricating MML with a protective effect was formed between the wear interfaces,which reduced the friction coefficient.With the increase in load,the wear mechanism changed from abrasive and oxidation wear to delamination,fatigue and oxidation wear.     

Abrasive Wear Behavior of In Situ TiC Reinforced with Al-4.5%Cu Matrix

The present work deals with the investigation on weight loss and coefficient of friction of TiC reinforced Al-4.5%Cu in situ metal matrix composites. Experiments were conducted using pin-on-disc apparatus against abrasive paper by varying the applied load, sliding distance, and weight percentage of TiC. The results indicated significant improvement in the mechanical properties and wear resistance of experimental composites as compared to the parent metal matrix. The percentage of porosity though increased with increasing TiC reinforcement. The variation of weight loss of composites increased linearly with increasing applied load and sliding distance, whereas decreased with increasing weight percentage of TiC reinforcement. The coefficient of friction decreased linearly with increasing applied load and TiC reinforcement. SEM micrographs of worn surfaces show a well compacted transfer layer of wear debris along with wear track over the sliding surface. Grooves, delamination, and crack propagation were also observed in all test samples. The effective depth of penetration and size of debris was seen to reduce with increasing wt.% of TiC reinforcement in metal matrix.     

Friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by tungsten-coated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated by tungsten layer using metal organic chemical vapor deposition process with tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor. The W-coated CNTs (W-CNTs) were dispersed into Cu powders by magnetic stirring process and then the mixed powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering to fabricate W-CNTs/Cu composites. The CNTs/Cu composites were fabricated using the simi-lar processes. The friction coefficient and mass wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu and CNTs/Cu composites were studied. The results showed that the W-CNT content, interfacial bonding situation, and applied load could influence the friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu com-posites. When the W-CNT content was 1.0 wt.%, the W-CNTs/Cu composites got the minimum friction coefficient and wear loss, which were decreased by 72.1% and 47.6%, respectively, compared with pure Cu specimen. The friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu composites were lower than those of CNTs/Cu composites, which was due to that the interfacial bonding at (W-CNTs)-Cu interface was bet-ter than that at CNTs-Cu interface. The friction coefficient of composites did not vary obviously with increasing applied load, while the wear loss of composites increased significantly with the increase of applied load.