制药工程专业实验教学模式改革探索

根据制药工程专业特征及专业实验教学现状,提出了制药工程专业实验教学体系改革方案。其中包括优化专业实验内容和教学方法,开展结合中试实践的实验教学模式,开发设计研究型实验,充分培养学生的创新意识与能力。     

特种能源工程与烟火技术专业导论课程教学设计与实践探索

在现有特种能源工程与烟火技术专业实验设施的基础上,充分利用相关军品科研的实验室资源,优化资源配置,将学生的创新教育渗透到实验教学中的相关环节。结合特种能源工程与烟火技术军工专业实验教学的特点和教学实践,改革教学模式,充分调动学生的积极主动性,培养学生的创新思维,提高学生的创新能力,将实验教学和科研实验进行有机结合。     

工程化学实验教学改革探讨

结合作者单位工程化学实验教学实践,从实验教学内容设置和考核方式两方面提出一些教改建议,即根据开课专业不同,分专业设置了实验项目,增加了设计性和创新性实验数目,并编写了相应的实验指导程序。实验考核更加注重实验过程,不同类型实验采取不同考核方式。结果表明,实验教学内容和考核方式的改革极大地促进了工程化学实验教学效果的提高。     

高分子物理实验教学改革的研究与实践

结合我校高分子专业实验室建设情况和高分子物理教学特点,本文介绍了高分子物理实验教学改革中,我们通过梯度式设计实验教学内容和科研结合实验的两种途径,提高实验教学质量的具体实践方法。     

化工原理实验中提高学生综合素质和创新能力

化工原理实验是化工类专业一门重要的专业基础课。为了加强实验教学环节,结合教学实践,对实验教学内容、教学模式、实验教学管理和科学考核体系等方面进行改革和实践,提高了学生综合素质和创新能力。     

应用型地方本科院校化工原理实验课程的教学探讨

化工原理实验是化工类专业的主要专业基础课,是引导学生由理论到实践性、工程性转变的重要环节。针对化工原理实验教学的现状,从改进实验教学内容层次的设置、课堂教学结合仿真实验教学、专业见习、加强师资队伍建设等方面对化工原理实验教学改革进行了探讨。结合地方院校自身实际情况,对化工原理实验教学提出了改进的方法,为应用型人才培养的化工原理实验课程的教学改革提出了建议。     

高职高专医学检验专业《仪器分析》实验教学改革探索

根据高职高专检验专业仪器分析实验教学的特点和现状,结合多年仪器分析的教学实践,从实验内容、师生关系、实验教学方法及模式、实验考核等方面进行了一系列改革探索,以期提高仪器分析实验教学效果。     

基于可持续发展观的金属学实验教学探索

以金属材料工程专业为例,初步探索了可持续发展的金属学实验教学思路。结合用人单位对金属材料工程学生的专业技能和素质要求,从实验教学内容、教学方法、教学考核等方面分析了金属学实验教学存在的主要问题,并提出了构建可持续发展实验教学体系的几点教学实践,以期实现实验设备、实验耗材、实验项目以及学生专业素质的可持续发展。     

环境工程专业基础化学实验课程体系与内容改革

针对基础化学实验教学中存在的问题,依据环境工程专业的特点,提出基础化学实验教学改革思路,构建＂三模块＂的基础化学实验课程体系,整合优化实验内容,设置环境工程专业结合紧密的实验,体现化学实验技术在环境工程专业中的具体应用。实践证明,该课程的改革取得了较好的效果。     

非化学专业有机实验教学改革研究

有机化学实验是有机化学教育的重要组成部分,尽管难度不大,但内容较多。文章分析了本校的非化学专业实验教学的现状,并结合本校的实际情况和作者在教学实践中的经验,对实验教学方法、考核方式、实验内容等方面提出了一些建议。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.