1.6微米附近氮气展宽的一氧化碳分子线形的研究

基于稳频的光腔衰荡光谱法是近年来发展的一种具有高灵敏度和准确性的测量痕量成分的方法,分子线形是影响光谱法测量成分的关键因素。利用基于稳频的光腔衰荡装置测量了一氧化碳R12(3←0)分子光谱,6种常用的分子线形被用来研究分子吸收光谱参数间的关系,包含压力相关的展宽、吸收峰面积和碰撞变窄效应,以及速度变化压窄和速度相依赖弛豫速率变窄效应的相关联等。研究结果表明pCqSDNGP线形能满足描述CO分子线形的需要。     

光腔衰荡光谱技术及其在痕量气体分析中的应用

光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术是一种新兴的高灵敏度吸收光谱检测技术.在介绍光腔衰荡光谱检测原理和痕量气体浓度检测公式的基础上,总结了CRDS技术在痕量气体分析方面的优势.综述了CRDS技术在气体污染物、超纯气杂质和水分检测方面的应用.     

光腔衰荡光谱法在痕量气体检测中的应用

气体检测有气相色谱法、非色散红外法、电化学电极法、光声光谱法、半导体气敏电极法、催化燃烧法、热导法、光离子化法等。光腔衰荡光谱法(CRDS)是一种新型的气体检测方法。它从原理上不需要标准气体标定,是极具潜力的痕量气体参考级测量方法。CRDS又叫光腔衰荡激光吸收光谱法,是一种高     

基于光腔衰荡光谱的气体成份量测量技术

光腔衰荡光谱技术依赖于气体分子常数测量气体成份量,有望成为新一代基于自然常数的气体成份量基准方法。本文详细介绍了国内外研究机构对于光腔衰荡光谱法在气体成份量测量领域的研究现状,并在此基础上设计出一套基于Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)锁频技术的光腔衰荡光谱测量装置,旨在完善目前实物计量标准的局限性。     

微量气体定量分析的新方法:光腔衰荡光谱

包括半导体制造业在内的许多工业应用要求高纯度气体具有最少的杂质。微量水分的分析特别富有挑战性。光腔衰荡光谱法不但可以快速、准确地分析包括水分在内的微量杂质,而且不需要标准样气。对光腔衰荡光谱法作了简要介绍。     

气体中痕量水蒸气测量技术进展

气体中水蒸气含量测量在工业生产和科研领域发挥至关重要的作用。随着许多工业生产和科研领域对气体水分含量更加严格的测试要求,对于气体中水蒸气含量测量灵敏度的要求也越来越高。目前测量nmol/mol痕量水分的仪器方法有可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法、光腔衰荡光谱法、大气压离子质谱仪法;达到这个痕量水平的传感器类测量技术有石英晶体微天平法、冷镜露点法、阻容法、电解法。针对这些测量方法的优缺点以及今后的发展趋势进行了论述分析,通过克服测量过程中的干扰因素,可在一定的程度上提高痕量水含量的测量准确性,对促进痕量水含量准确测量技术的发展有所裨益。     

CO的第二泛频(3←0)跃迁谱线线形强度测量研究

CO分子是监测大气污染气体的优异示踪气体,要实现对CO分子实时监控就需要做到对气体浓度的精确快速测量。气体分子浓度测量可以利用测量吸收光谱和谱线线形强度得到,CO的(3←0)泛频谱带是吸收较弱的跃迁波段,利用以干空气为缓冲气体的200μmol/mol的CO混合物,基于稳频的光腔衰荡装置测量了在温度293K、压力13~93kPa下的CO分子R支3条跃迁谱线的吸收光谱。HTP(Hartmann-Tran profile)线形被用来获得这些谱线的线形强度,测量结果的相对标准不确定度优于1%,与国际HITRAN、HITEMP和GEISA光谱数据库比较,相对偏差小于4%。     

基于光腔衰荡光谱法测量CO_2结果的不确定度分析

光腔衰荡光谱法作为极具潜力的基准分析方法已在气体成分量测量领域得到了广泛的应用。本研究建立了一套高精度光腔衰荡光谱分析系统,并利用重量法配置的空气中二氧化碳(CO_2)标准气体对其性能进行了评估。在此基础上,对影响CO_2浓度测量的各参数进行了不确定度分析,得出测量结果相对扩展不确定度为0. 48%(k=2,p=95%)。     

基于连续波激光器衰荡腔吸收光谱的痕量气体探测方法

本文描述了一种采用连续波激光激发衰荡腔光谱测量痕量气体浓度的实验装置。CRDS是基于比尔定律的吸收光谱技术,通过将光耦合到含有样品的高精细度光学谐振腔并测量光衰减速率来测量样品浓度的。它提供了绝对的和高精度的分子浓度的测量方法。这种技术只需要激光二极管提供单一模式的适度的激光功率,使系统易于运输。近红外区域,很容易与周围环境温度二极管访问包含了泛频振动能级和禁止的许多重要物体的电子跃迁。我们的研究重点是研究连续波激光激发衰荡腔光谱的性质,以增加这些物体的检测灵敏度。具体来说,我们正在研究在范围从ppb到ppt范围湿度测量。最近,我们获得了比吸收谱测量方法更好的检测极限灵敏度1x10-11cm-1Hz-1/2。我们将讨论该设备及其应用,目前的表现数据。     

气体中微量水分析方法概述

概述了各种测定气体中微量水的分析方法：光腔衰荡光谱法、电解法、露点法、卡尔费休库仑法、重量法及碳化钙法的测定原理及其优缺点;并详细列举和归纳了不同种类气体产品测定水分含量所采用的方法,为企业和质监部门监控气体产品质量提供了可参考的技术信息。     

Stability test for amorphous materials in humidity controlled 96-well plates by near-infrared spectroscopy

The purpose of this research is to apply near infrared spectrometry (NIR) with chemoinformetrics to predict the change of crystalline properties of indomethacin (IMC) amorphous under various levels of relative humidity storage conditions. Stability test for amorphous and meta-stable polymorphic forms was performed in humidity controlled the modified 96-well quartz plates containing various kinds of saturated salt solutions (0-100% of relative humidity (RH)) by NIR spectroscopy. Amorphous form was obtained melt product to pour into liquid nitrogen and after then ground. Samples were stored at 25°C in the 6-well plates at various levels of RH. The spectra of the powder samples were measured by the reflectance FT-NIR spectrometer. The second derivative spectra of form α showed specific absorption peaks at 4980, 6036, 7296 and 8616 cm-1 and that of form γ showed those at 5020, 5028, 7344, 7428 and 8436 cm-1. After storage at less than 50% RH, the peak intensities at 5020, 5028, 7344, 7428 and 8436 cm-1 of the amorphous solid increased with increasing of storage time. However, the peak intensity at 4980, 6036 and 7296 cm-1 increased at more than 50% RH Please check and confirm the edit. The results suggested that at lower humidity, the IMC amorphous solid transformed into form γ, but it transformed into form α at more than high humidity. It is possible that crystalline stability of the pharmaceutical preparations could be predicted by using humidity controlled 96-well plates and reflectance NIR-chemoinformetric methods.     

Detection of trace water vapor in high-purity phosphine using cavity ring-down spectroscopy

The presence of trace water vapor in process gases such as phosphine, used for compound semiconductor epitaxial growth, can negatively affect the optical and electrical properties of the final device. Therefore, sensitive H2O measurement techniques are required to monitor precursor purity and detect unacceptable contamination levels. A commercial cavity ring-down spectrometer that monitors an H2O absorption line at a wavelength of 1392.53 nm was investigated for service in high purity PH3. Spectral parameters such as the line shape of water vapor in the presence of PH3 as well as background features due to PH3 were measured at different pressures and incorporated into the data analysis software for accurate moisture readings. Test concentrations generated with a diffusion vialbased H2O source and dilution manifold were used to verify instrument accuracy, sensitivity, linearity, and response time. H2O readings at 13.2 kPa corresponded well to added concentrations (slope=0.990+/-0.01) and were linear in the tested range (0-52.7 nmol mol-1). The analyzer was sensitive to changes in H2O concentration of 1.3 nmol mol-1 based on 3sigma of the calibration curve intercept for a weighted linear fit. Local PH3 absorption features that could not be distinguished from the H2O line were present in the purified PH3 spectra and resulted in an additional systematic uncertainty of 9.0 nmol mol-1. Equilibration to changing H2O levels at a flow rate of 80 std cm3 min-1 PH3 occurred in 10-30 minutes. The results indicate that cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at 1392.53 nm may be useful for applications such as on-line monitoring (and dry-down) of phosphine gas delivery lines or the quality control of cylinder sources.     

Development of broadband cavity ring-down spectroscopy for biomedical diagnostics of liquid analytes

We present a spectrometer for sensitive absorption measurements in liquids across broad spectral bandwidths. The spectrometer combines the unique spectral properties of incoherent supercontinuum light sources with the advantages of cavity ring-down spectroscopy, which is a self-calibrating technique. A custom-built avalanche photodiode array is used for detection, permitting the simultaneous measurement of ring-down times for up to 64 different spectral components at nanosecond temporal resolution. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient was measured to be 3.2 × 10(-6) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) at 527 nm. We show that the spectrometer is capable of recording spectral differences in trace levels of blood before and after hemolysis.     

Strain Measurement by Fiber-Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and Fiber Mode Converter

A multimode fiber-loop ring-down spectroscopy combined with a fiber mode converter for strain measurement is presented. The bending loss theory in multimode fibers is used for the explanation of strain induced ring down cavity loss mechanism, which agrees well with the experimental results. With this technique, strain measurement is achieved in a time domain by measuring the ring-down time. The strain sensing system is demonstrated with good linear response, good stability and high resolution as small as 0.33 muepsiv over a rang of 800 muepsiv.     

Determination of inlet transmission and conversion efficiencies for in situ measurements of the nocturnal nitrogen oxides, NO3, N2O5 and NO2, via pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for direct absorption spectroscopy that has been applied to in situ detection of NO3, N2O5 and NO2 in the atmosphere from a variety of platforms, including ships, aircraft, and towers. In this paper, we report the development of schemes to significantly improve the accuracy of these measurements. This includes the following: (1) an overall improvement in the inlet transmission efficiencies (92 +/- 2% for NO3 and 97 +/- 1% for N2O5) achieved primarily through a reduction in the inlet residence time; and (2) the development of a calibration procedure that allows regular determination of these efficiencies in the field by addition of NO3 or N2O5 to the inlet from a portable source followed by conversion of NO3 to NO2. In addition, the dependence of the instrument's sensitivity and accuracy to a variety of conditions encountered in the field, including variations in relative humidity, aerosol loading, and VOC levels, was systematically investigated. The rate of degradation of N2O5 transmission efficiency on the inlet and filter system due to the accumulation of inorganic aerosol was determined, such that the frequency of filter changes required for accurate measurements could be defined. In the absence of aerosol, the presence of varying levels of relative humidity and reactive VOC were found to be unimportant factors in the instrument's performance. The 1 sigma accuracy of the NO3, N2O5, and NO2 measured with this instrument are -9/+12, -8/+11, +/- 6%, respectively, where the -/+ signs indicate that the actual value is low/high relative to the measurement. The largest contribution to the overall uncertainty is now due to the NO3 absorption cross section rather than the inlet transmission efficiency.     

Capillary electrophoresis absorption detection using fiber-loop ring-down spectroscopy

The application of phase-shift, fiber-loop, ring-down spectroscopy (PS-FLRDS) as an on-line detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE) of biomolecules is demonstrated. CE was conducted using a custom-designed capillary/fiber interface coupled to an absorption detector, which is based on the ring-down of an optical signal in a closed fiber waveguide loop. The ring-down times were obtained by measuring the phase difference between intensity modulated light entering and exiting the fiber loop. The incorporation of a microlens to enhance transmission through the sample gap led to an improvement of the sensitivity by up to 80% compared to the square-cut fiber and a reduction in the detection limit. The performance of the PS-FLRDS absorption technique as an online detector was characterized by flow injection through a capillary. Good repeatability and linear response were obtained, and the detection limit using the lensed fiber/capillary interface system was determined to be alpha(min) = 1.6 cm(-1) for an absorption path of approximately 30 microm. PS-FLRDS coupled to CE was also applied to the analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) by using a NIR dye as a noncovalent label. The excess free dye and the dye/protein complex were resolved. The labeling coefficient was determined to be approximately 6, and good repeatability of peak areas (RSD = 8.7%) was obtained for the analysis of HSA. Furthermore, an excellent linear response (R2 > 0.99) was obtained between the peak areas and concentrations of HSA. The detection limit of labeled HSA was determined to be 1.67 microM.     

基于Herriott吸收池的固定源二氧化碳浓度测量研究

准确的碳排放计量是实现“碳峰化、碳中和”目标的重要一步。在所有碳排放源中,固定排放源排放的CO2是温室效应的主要因素。因此,精确测量固定排放源CO2的浓度尤为重要。基于近红外分子吸收光谱原理并结合多次反射直接吸收光谱技术,利用35% CO2/N;2混合物,建立了精确测量CO2浓度的方法,测量了293K和0,4.1,8.1,13.3kPa下,CO2在6359.97cm-1的(30012)←(00001)R16e和6361.25cm-1的(30012)←(00001)R18e跃迁谱线,计算了R18e的谱线强度,通过比较35% CO2/N2混合物和其它CO2/N;2混合物的吸收面积,可以得到15%,10%,5%的CO2/N;2混合物的浓度。结果表明所建立的理论方法和实验结果能够较好地表征待测气体的浓度,测量不确定度与基于天平的称重法相当。     

New methylene blue incorporated in mordenite zeolite as humidity sensor material

Our experimental observation shows that new methylene blue (NMB) incorporated in H-mordenite zeolite can serve as an excellent candidate for optical humidity sensing. New methylene blue was incorporated into H-mordenite zeolite by ion exchange reaction in aqueous phase. The dye solid was characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).The mechanism of the sensor is based on the protonation and deprotonation of the dye molecules which are associated with the desorption and adsorption of water molecules by zeolite, respectively. The measurement was carried out at seven fixed humidity points in the range of 6–98% relative humidity. The sensor showed a linear response range from 6 to 95% relative humidity, good stability and reversibility. The sensor operates both in 632 nm and 590 nm bands. The sensor demonstrates relatively fast response and recovery times about 1 min in the direction of adsorption and about 2 min in the direction of desorption of water.