基于NSCT和边缘检测的图像融合算法研究

近年来,图像融合已经成为计算机视觉领域一向有价值的新技术,论述了NSCT变换理论,先将图像作非下采样拉普拉斯金字塔尺度分解,在各个尺度层对高频子带作非下采样方向分解,然后分别采用基于区域能量和边缘检测的融合规则得到融合图像的非下采样Contourlet低频和高频系数;最后再进行非下采样Contourlet逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法的融合图像多项指标都优于Contourlet变换、NSCT变换。     

基于非下采样Contourlet变换的多传感器图像边缘检测

提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）的多传感器图像边缘检测方法,通过非下采样金字塔（NSP）和非下采样方向滤波器组（NSDFB）实现了对图像的多尺度多方向分解。在检测处理中,采用改进的一致性校验策略：高频系数除了进行本层的一致性校验外,还进行多层之间的一致性校验。非下采样Contourlet变换保留了Contourlet变换良好的多分辨率特性,又具有平移不变性,更适应于进行多传感图像融合,为图像边缘检测提供了新的方法。     

基于非下采样Contourlet变换的图像融合

摘 要： 本文提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换的图像融合新方法。与Contourlet变换相比，非下采样Contourlet变换不仅具有多尺度、多方向特性，同时还具备平移不变性。利用这一性质及融合规则的合理设计，该方法一方面继承了Contourlet变换对方向信息融合的优点，同时有效地去除了Contour变换中出现的吉布斯现象。对多幅图像的融合实验表明，无论在视觉质量还是客观指标上，该方法均优于Contourlet变换以及现有的小波，非下采样小波等方法。实验结果证实了本文方法的有效性。     

基于多尺度几何分析的SAR图像融合

在穿墙雷达成像技术中,建筑布局成像对确定墙后人体目标的空间相对位置以及多径虚假目标的提取有重要意义。目前的建筑布局成像一般采用多通道多视角图像融合方法,对此提出一种基于多尺度分析,即基于小波分解下的多通道多视角图像融合算法。该算法分为两个阶段,第一阶段涉及到单视角下的多通道图像融合,该阶段的融合目的主要是为增强图像细节信息和提高图像清晰度。因此对其小波分解后的图像高频分量采用平均梯度增强的加权融合算法,低频分量采用平均加权融合,后经小波反变换后形成多幅单视角图像;第二阶段涉及到多视角融合,该阶段的融合目的主要是为了增强图像的对比度,并且考虑到此阶段不同视角下图像经小波分解后的三个高频分量对比度各不相同,因此高频分量采用对比度增强的加权融合算法,低频分量仍采用平均加权融合,后将融合后的频率分量经小波反变换,便可得到一幅完整融合图像。仿真结果表明,提出的基于小波分解下的多通道多视角图像融合算法不论在图像视觉效果的改善和信噪比的提高等方面都有较大的作用。     

基于非下采样Contourlet变换的多传感器图像融合

根据非下采样Contourlet变换同时具有多尺度多分辨分析和平移不变性质的特点,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换的多传感器图像融合方法,将其应用于多传感器图像融合的两个重要领域——多聚焦图像融合和高分辨、多光谱图像融合,从视觉效果和信息量指标方面对融合图像进行主观评判和数值评价.实验中将本文方法与Contourlet变换、小波变换、主成分分析等方法进行了比较,结果表明本文方法得到的融合结果具有更优的视觉质量和量化指标,能很好地将源图像的细节信息融合在一起,拓广了NSCT的应用范围.     

基于NSCT的多光谱和全色图像的融合

提出了一种基于无下采样Contourlet变换的多光谱和全色图像的融合方法.该方法在对多光谱影像进行IHS变换的基础上,对多光谱的I分量和高分辨率的全色影像分别进行无下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT),然后对分解得到的近似分量以及各层金字塔各方向的细节分量利用本文提出的一定的融合准则分别对近似分量和细节分量进行影像融合,最后通过无下采样Conlourlet逆变换得到新的I分量,与H,S分量一起还原到RGB空间,最终得到融合后的高分辨率多光谱彩色图像.本文采用一组多光谱图像和全色图像数据进行融合实验,其实验融合图像的目视效果和统计指标均优于传统的IHS融合方法、小波融合方法以及Contourlet变换方法.     

基于四阶相关系数的NSCT域红外与可见光图像融合

采用非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)模型提出了基于四阶相关系数的红外与可见光图像融合方法。首先对融合图像进行多尺度和多方向分解;对于低频分量,充分考虑红外和可见光图像物理特性的差异,采用基于区域平均梯度的融合策略;对高频分量采用四阶相关系数匹配策略来选择合适的高频系数;最后对融合后的系数进行NSCT逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该融合算法能更好地保留目标信息,同时也显著地提高了图像的信息量,在主观视觉效果和客观评价方面具有较好的融合性能。     

基于Contourlet变换和多尺度Rentinex的水下图像增强算法

针对水下图像对比度低、边缘模糊、噪声大等特点,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换和多尺度Retinex的水下图像增强算法。将水下图像进行多尺度多方向的非下采样Contourlet变换;利用多尺度Retinex算法调整低频系数,提高图像整体对比度;在各带通方向子带上估计噪声,抑制模值小于阈值的系数,改进神经网络中的Sigmoid函数用于调节模值大于阈值的系数;经非下采样Contourlet逆变换得到增强图像。与几种传统增强算法相比,本算法处理的图像达到了抑制噪声、改善图像对比度、突出目标轮廓的目的,具有较高的对比度评估值。     

基于NSCT和改进型PCNN的红外与可见光图像融合算法

针对现有红外与可见光图像融合算法中易出现目标信息丢失或减弱的情况,提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换和改进型脉冲耦合神经网络的融合算法.该算法首先对经过预处理和图像配准后的红外和可见光图像进行非下采样Contourlet变换,分别得到两幅图像的高频系数和低频系数;其次,采用改进型脉冲耦合神经网络对源图像高频系数进行融合,用区域能量最大处理低频系数;最后,对融合后的系数进行非下采样Contourlet反变换,得到融合后的图像.实验结果表明,本文算法在主观视觉上显示了更多的图像细节信息,同时客观数据指标也有不同程度的提升.     

基于变分多尺度的红外与可见光图像融合

为解决变换域融合法对强噪声抑制能力差的问题,提出一种基于变分多尺度分解的红外与可见光图像融合方法.首先对待融合图像分别进行变分多尺度分解,获得纹理分量和结构分量.采用引导滤波的方法进行待融合图像的纹理分量融合,在结构分量融合上提出一种以相位一致性、清晰度、亮度综合信息来权衡融合权重的方法,最后将两幅图像融合后的纹理分量和结构分量相加获取最终融合图像.实验结果从主观观察和客观指标看,本文方法在清晰度和细节信息上比离散小波变换（discrete wavelet transform）法、非下采样轮廓波变换（non-subsampled contourlet transform）法、稀疏表示（sparse representation）法、剪切波变换（shearlet transform）法都要高.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.