非高斯随机振动下包装件时变振动可靠性分析

包装件在流通过程中经常受到非高斯随机振动激励的作用,提出了一种包装件在非高斯随机振动激励条件下的时变可靠性的分析方法。结合多项式混沌扩展和Karhunen-Loeve扩展,提出了基于功率谱(或自相关函数)、均值、方差、偏斜度和峭度信息的非高斯随机振动激励的模拟方法;为减小数值分析量,应用拟蒙特卡洛法,在随机变量空间中合理控制变量的分布模拟非高斯随机振动激励,通过四阶龙格库塔法分析,用较少的随机振动模拟样本准确得到了包装件加速度响应的前四阶矩和自相关函数。基于响应的统计信息,应用该研究提出的多项式混沌扩展、Karhunen-Loeve扩展和拟蒙特卡洛分析,获得包装件加速度响应样本,计算包装件的时变可靠性,用原始蒙特卡洛法验证了计算的准确性;该方法在包装件的可靠性分析、包装系统优化等方面具有重要意义。     

包装件在非高斯随机载荷下响应特征分析方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

在运输过程中,包装件经常受到非高斯随机振动的作用,在进行包装系统优化时,经常需要重复确定包装件加速度响应的统计特征和振动可靠性,该研究提出一种高效准确确定非高斯随机振动条件下非线性包装件加速度响应统计特征的分析方法。采用非高斯Karhunen-Loeve展开将非高斯随机振动表示为非高斯随机变量的线性组合,用一阶泰勒展开估计包装件加速度响应,确定加速度响应的统计矩参数,根据包装件加速度响应的前四阶矩参数,应用鞍点估计法确定包装件加速度响应的概率密度函数(probability density function, PDF)和累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)。由于采用随机变量的线性组合模拟非高斯随机振动激励,避免了随机变量非线性变换,采用一阶泰勒展开估计包装件加速度响应具有良好的准确性,鞍点估计法分析包装件加速度响应的PDF和CDF,避免了大量蒙特卡洛或拟蒙特卡洛分析,提高了分析效率。     

具有时变功率谱的非高斯随机过程的数值模拟

为了有效地模拟具有目标时变功率谱特征的非高斯随机过程,即非平稳非高斯随机过程。提出了基于目标时变功率谱和目标非高斯概率密度函数,通过建立非高斯与高斯随机过程之间相互转换的非线性平移关系,以及非线性平移前后高斯与非高斯随机过程的功率谱或相关函数的转换关系,将非平稳非高斯随机过程转化为非平稳高斯随机过程的模拟;而非平稳高斯随机过程可通过谱表示进行有效的模拟。为了验证该方法的有效性,进行了具有目标非平稳非高斯特征的脉动风速模拟;模拟结果表明:模拟生成的脉动风速样本的功率谱具有时变特征,且瞬时功率谱和相关函数均与目标相吻合;任意时刻脉动风速样本的概率密度函数与目标非高斯函数相互吻合;因此,模拟的随机样本不仅具有目标时变功率的非平稳特征而且还具有目标概率密度函数的非高斯特征,说明了该非平稳非高斯随机过程模拟方法的有效性。     

包装运输试验中非平稳随机振动表征和模拟方法

目的研究量化表征非平稳随机振动的方法,模拟包装物实际运输振动环境中的非平稳和非高斯特征。方法通过引入“运行测试”非参数统计检验方法,对均方根值时变非平稳过程进行量化表征,利用贝塔分布随机数的幅值调制方法模拟生成非平稳非高斯随机过程。结果通过数值验证贝塔分布方法,能够基于目标峭度和功率谱密度函数等约束条件灵活生成具有不同平稳程度的非平稳非高斯随机过程。结论该方法可以对非平稳特征进行定量表征,并可用于真实模拟包装件的运输振动环境,避免“欠试验”和“过试验”问题的发生。     

非高斯脉动风压的模拟研究

对于风荷载数值模拟,大多数研究都是假定风荷载为平稳高斯随机过程。然而,在分离流作用的一些局部重要区域,例如建筑物屋盖边缘、屋面转角等,风荷载表现出强烈的非高斯特性。为了能够有效地模拟非高斯脉动风压,本文提出一种模拟非高斯脉动风压的框架。首先,根据风速与风压间的关系,严格推导出脉动风压功率谱密度函数。然后,基于导出的功率谱密度函数、Johnson转换系统和数字滤波理论,提出一种能够快速而有效的生成指定偏度、峰度和功率谱非高斯脉动风压的方法。最后,通过一个一维单变量非高斯脉动风压的模拟算例对该方法的可行性和正确性进行验证。数值结果表明：模拟生成的单样本非高斯脉动风压的统计参数例如偏度和峰度与目标偏度和峰度非常吻合,而且模拟功率谱与目标功率谱两者也吻合得很好。     

多轴平稳非高斯随机振动试验控制方法

多轴向平稳非高斯随机振动控制试验能够对指定响应信号的时、频域特征进行同时控制。提出了一种快速生成具有指定功率谱密度、斜度和峭度的平稳非高斯随机振动信号的方法。通过频率采样方法将目标功率谱密度设计成滤波器,利用非线性变换方法获取非高斯随机信号,再将此信号经过设计的滤波器以获得满足要求的非高斯随机信号。该方法简单、快速并克服了传统非线性变换方法的缺点。进一步将此方法应用于三轴向平稳非高斯随机振动试验中,给出了三轴向非高斯随机振动控制的闭环均衡步骤,此方法能够同时对信号的功率谱自谱、相干系数、相位差以及斜度和峭度进行解耦控制。进行了三轴向平稳非高斯随机振动控制试验,三个方向上加速度信号的功率谱密度、斜度和峭度控制效果均令人满意,满足工程应用要求。     

一种多输入多输出非高斯随机振动试验方法

针对传统的多输入多输出高斯随机振动试验难以应用于非高斯问题,提出了一种基于频域逆系统方法的多输入多输出非高斯随机振动试验控制方法。该方法首先通过给定的参考谱和参考峭度生成参考信号,其次根据频域中的输入输出关系生成满足要求的驱动信号。采用相位调节法生成非高斯信号,由于相位调节法不改变原信号的功率谱,因此可实现功率谱与峭度的独立均衡控制;将矩阵幂次算法用于功率谱均衡,并提出了一种类似矩阵幂次算法的峭度均衡算法。最后,对一个三轴振动台台面振动环境进行了控制试验,结果表明,台面加速度响应的功率谱密度被稳定地控制在±3 dB容差限内,响应峭度也被稳定地控制在参考值附近,从而验证了所提方法的有效性与可行性。     

非高斯脉动风压的非迭代模拟算法

建立了无需反复迭代的非高斯随机过程模拟算法,避免了反复迭代可能出现不收敛的问题。基于非线性平移过程,详细分析了潜在高斯随机过程与非高斯随机过程的转换关系。通过反证法证明了非高斯随机过程的目标功率谱与边缘概率分布函数需要协调一致,并建立了判断非高斯目标功率谱与边缘概率分布函数是否协调的标准,即潜在高斯目标功率谱是否出现负值。对于目标函数不协调的情况提出了相应的修正方案,建立了模拟单变量非高斯随机过程的非迭代算法。采用该算法对不同斜度的非高斯脉动风压进行了数值模拟分析,并通过相关函数、功率谱、概率密度函数与目标函数的对比验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种新的非高斯随机振动疲劳寿命估计方法

构造了非高斯修正系数的多项式响应面模型,提出了一种基于高斯近似的非高斯随机振动疲劳寿命估计方法。采用Winterstein传递函数法将非高斯随机应力转化成高斯随机应力,并联合雨流计数和Miner损伤准则分别估算两种随机应力下的累计损伤和谱矩,对多个样本进行最小二乘拟合之后构建一个关于应力谱矩和非高斯修正系数的多项式响应面模型。利用高斯近似法估算非高斯随机振动疲劳损伤量,并与经过雨流计数和Miner损伤准则估算的非高斯随机过程下疲劳损伤对比,结果表明:高斯近似法具有较好的精度。     

基于时变AR模型的非平稳非高斯随机过程的数值模拟

为了有效地模拟具有目标非平稳、非高斯特征的随机过程,提出了基于时变AR模型的非平稳非高斯随机过程的模拟方法。该方法首先需要建立实现非高斯与高斯随机过程之间相互转换的非线性平移关系,然而该非线性平移也会导致平移前后高斯与非高斯随机过程的功率谱发生变化。因此该方法还需要进一步建立平移前后高斯与非高斯随机过程的功率谱或相关函数的转换关系。然后,通过已建立的非线性平移,以及功率谱或相关函数的转换关系,可将非平稳非高斯随机过程的模拟转化成对非平稳高斯随机过程的模拟。而非平稳高斯随机过程可通过建立的时变AR模型进行有效的模拟。最后将具有目标非平稳、非高斯特征的脉动风速模拟作为数值算例,验证了该方法模拟非平稳非高斯随机过程的有效性。     

包装件振动可靠性的不确定度量化及灵敏度分析

研究包装件参数不确定性对振动可靠性变化的影响,并分析振动可靠性指标对各不确定参数的灵敏度.采用Karhunen-Loeve展开将具有一定谱特征的平稳随机振动表示在标准正态随机变量空间中,应用一阶可靠性方法分析线性包装件振动可靠性指标.考虑缓冲材料弹性特性、阻尼特性、产品主体和脆弱部件之间的弹性特性、阻尼特性四个随机参数...     

An iterative polynomial chaos approach toward stochastic elastostatic structural analysis with non-Gaussian randomness

Stochastic analysis of structure with non-Gaussian material property and loading in the framework of polynomial chaos (PC) is considered. A new approach for the solution of stochastic mechanics problem with random coefficient is presented. The major focus of the method is to consider reduced size of expansion in an iterative manner to overcome the problem of large system matrix in conventional PC expansion. The iterative method is based on orthogonal expansion of stochastic responses and generation of an iterative PC based on the responses of the previous iteration. The polynomials are evaluated using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. The numbers of random variables in PC expansion are reduced by considering only the dominant components of the response characteristics, which is evaluated using Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion. In case of random material field problem, the KL expansion is used to discretize and simulate the non-Gaussian random field. Independent component analysis (ICA) is carried out on the non-Gaussian KL random variables to minimize statistical dependence. The usefulness of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency is examined. From the numerical analysis of three different types of structural mechanics problems, the proposed iterative method is observed to be computationally more efficient and accurate than conventional PC method for solution of linear elastostatic structural mechanics problems.     

Neumann enriched polynomial chaos approach for stochastic finite element problems

An enrichment scheme based upon the Neumann expansion method is proposed to augment the deterministic coefficient vectors associated with the polynomial chaos expansion method. The proposed approach relies upon a split of the random variables into two statistically independent sets. The principal variability of the system is captured by propagating a limited number of random variables through a low-ordered polynomial chaos expansion method. The remaining random variables are propagated by a Neumann expansion method. In turn, the random variables associated with the Neumann expansion method are utilised to enrich the polynomial chaos approach. The effect of this enrichment is explicitly captured in a new augmented definition of the coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion. This approach allows one to consider a larger number of random variables within the scope of spectral stochastic finite element analysis in a computationally efficient manner. Closed-form expressions for the first two response moments are provided. The proposed enrichment method is used to analyse two numerical examples: the bending of a cantilever beam and the flow through porous media. Both systems contain distributed stochastic properties. The results are compared with those obtained using direct Monte Carlo simulations and using the classical polynomial chaos expansion approach.     

MapleSim在振动仿真中的应用

目的利用MapleSim软件,探究数值-符号仿真应用于包装振动领域的可行性。方法首先,根据单自由度振动模型构建并验证理论状态下的单层负载振动模型;在此基础上提出可应用于随机振动的仿真模型,进一步研究仿真关键参数的计算方法;最后进行随机振动试验,将试验与仿真结果进行对比与分析。结果 PSD分析表明,不论中间还是角落位置,仿真PSD与实验PSD的变化趋势一致,但仿真PSD在低频(10~40 Hz)下会产生一定的误差,该误差对于角落振动的情况更为显著;Grms值的对比表明仿真误差小于10%。结论基于MapleSim的数值-符号仿真模型能够反映真实振动,该方法应用于随机振动具有可行性及可信度,但文中方法尚存在仿真误差,需进一步优化仿真关键参数的计算方法。     

Adaptive polynomial chaos expansions applied to statistics of extremes in nonlinear random vibration

This paper presents a new module towards the development of efficient computational stochastic mechanics. Specifically, the possibility of an adaptive polynomial chaos expansion is investigated. Adaptivity in this context refers to retaining, through an iterative procedure, only those terms in a representation of the solution process that are significant to the numerical evaluation of the solution. The technique can be applied to the calculation of statistics of extremes for nongaussian processes. The only assumption involved is that these processes be the response of a nonlinear oscillator excited by a general stochastic process. The proposed technique is an extension of a technique developed by the second author for the solution of general nonlinear random vibration problems. Accordingly, the response process is represented using its Karhunen-Loeve expansion. This expansion allows for the optimal encapsulation of the information contained in the stochastic process into a set of discrete random variables. The response process is then expanded using the polynomial chaos basis, which is a complete orthogonal set in the space of second-order random variables. The time dependent coefficients in this expansion are then computed by using a Galerkin projection scheme which minimizes the approximation error involved in using a finite-dimensional subspace. These coefficients completely characterize the solution process, and the accuracy of the approximation can be assessed by comparing the contribution of successive coefficients. A significant contribution of this paper is the development and implimentation of adaptive schemes for the polynomial chaos expansion. These schemes permit the inclusion of only those terms in the expansion that have a significant contribution.     

铁路非高斯随机振动的数字模拟与包装件响应分析

目的研究铁路振动环境的非高斯特性,并分析包装件在非高斯随机振动环境条件下的响应情况。方法结合离散傅里叶变换与EARPG(1)模型,模拟了铁路随机振动信号。根据采集的数据的PSD曲线计算幅值,利用EARPG(1)模型生成了具有尖峰特征的模拟信号,计算了相位并进行了相位整体平移,根据幅值和相位,合成了所需的非高斯随机振动信号。将包装件简化为单自由度系统,分析了包装件在非高斯振动条件下的响应情况。结果铁路随机振动的峭度大于3,偏斜度为0,属于对称超高斯随机振动,提出的模型可准确模拟出铁路振动的非高斯特性,峭度和偏斜度的误差均小于3%,包装系统的固有频率、阻尼比、激励峭度对系统的响应的峭度、均方根均有较大的影响。结论通过合理地选择包装系统的固有频率和阻尼比,可有效减小系统的响应峭度和均方根,提高包装系统的可靠性。     

Simulation of stationary Gaussian/non-Gaussian stochastic processes based on stochastic harmonic functions

A new model is proposed to represent and simulate Gaussian/non-Gaussian stochastic processes. In the proposed model, stochastic harmonic function (SHF) is extended to represent multivariate Gaussian process firstly. Compared with the conventional spectral representation method (SRM), the SHF based model requires much fewer variables and Cholesky decompositions. Then, SHF based model is further extended to univariate/multivariate non-Gaussian stochastic process simulation. The target non-Gaussian process can be obtained from the corresponding underlying Gaussian processes by memoryless nonlinear transformation. For arbitrarily given marginal probability distribution function (PDF), the covariance function of the underlying multivariate Gaussian process can be determined easily by introducing the Mehler’s formula. And when the incompatibility between the target non-Gaussian power spectral density (PSD) or PSD matrix and marginal PDF exists, the calibration of the target non-Gaussian spectrum will be required. Hence, the proposed model can be regarded as SRM to efficiently generate Gaussian/non-Gaussian processes. Finally, several numerical examples are addressed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于等概率近似变换的 向量型层递响应面法分析结构可靠度

基于正交变换和等概率近似变换,研究建立了随机变量为非高斯互相关的工程结构可靠度分析的向量型层递响应面法。首先利用正交变换将非高斯互相关随机变量变换为互不相关的非高斯标准随机变量,建立结构总体刚度矩阵和荷载列阵,据此定义预处理器并形成预处理随机Krylov子空间,进而利用该空间的层递基向量将结构总体节点位移向量近似展开,建立关于互不相关非高斯标准随机变量的层递响应面;然后根据等概率近似变换,将独立标准正态空间的样本点转换为层递响应面在非高斯空间中的概率配点;最后通过回归分析确定层递响应面待定系数,并利用层递响应面建立极限状态方程求解结构可靠度。分析表明:该文提出的等概率近似变换方法不仅成功地将层递响应面法拓展到非高斯互相关随机变量下的结构可靠度分析,而且方法简便、适用范围广、计算精度和效率较高,具有良好的全域性。     

Stochastic fracture mechanics using polynomial chaos

Crack propagation in metals has long been recognized as a stochastic process. As a consequence, crack propagation rates have been modeled as random variables or as random processes of the continuous. On the other hand, polynomial chaos is a known powerful tool to represent general second order random variables or processes. Hence, it is natural to use polynomial chaos to represent random crack propagation data: nevertheless, no such application has been found in the published literature. In the present article, the large replicate experimental results of Virkler et al. and Ghonem and Dore are used to illustrate how polynomial chaos can be used to obtain accurate representations of random crack propagation data. Hermite polynomials indexed in stationary Gaussian stochastic processes are used to represent the logarithm of crack propagation rates as a function of the logarithm of stress intensity factor ranges. As a result, crack propagation rates become log-normally distributed, as observed from experimental data. The Karhunen–Loève expansion is used to represent the Gaussian process in the polynomial chaos basis. The analytical polynomial chaos representations derived herein are shown to be very accurate, and can be employed in predicting the reliability of structural components subject to fatigue.