脱墨污泥热分解特性及其热解动力学浅析

利用热重分析法和实验室自行设计的静态热解炉对脱墨污泥的热解行为及热裂解特性进行了研究,探讨了不同升温速率对脱墨污泥热解反应特性的影响,并根据微分热重曲线建立了动力学模型,计算热解反应的动力学参数.结果表明,脱墨污泥的热失重过程可分为水分析出、挥发物质析出、固定碳燃尽和碳酸钙热分解4个阶段,其热解反应动力学为3个三级反应.从利用电子探针显微技术、气相色谱和傅里叶红外分析方法对热裂解产物进行表征的结果来看,造纸脱墨污泥具有很好的资源化综合利用前景.     

干化造纸污泥与生物质共热解特性及成炭机制研究

制浆造纸废水处理环节,造纸污泥(PS)是主要副产物,通过对热解技术的合理使用,可以让造纸污泥的产量减少,实现无害化、稳定化运用。但造纸污泥中的灰分含量高、生物油产率偏低,如果作为燃料直接利用,难度较大。若将生物质合理添加其中,可以让造纸污泥单独热解不足的问题得到解决,有助于热解效率的提高,更能让产物的品质得到优化。     

造纸废渣污泥气化处理能量利用技术研究——造纸废渣污泥气化处理能量利用技术研究之二

本文提出一套以气化炉装置为主体的集干燥、气化、燃烧于一体的利用生物质气化技术处理造纸废渣污泥的能量回收利用系统。文中详细分析计算了系统的能量平衡,并通过气化处理试验研究了废渣污泥的能量利用效果。气化处理能量利用技术为解决造纸废渣污泥直接排放带来的环境污染问题提供了一种有效的方法。     

造纸废渣污泥基础特性研究——造纸废渣污泥气化处理能量利用技术研究之一

造纸厂废渣污泥的排放对环境造成严重污染。由于这些废渣污泥具有一定的能量价值,所以应该加以利用。为利用生物质气化技术处理废渣污泥,本文对其热解特性等进行了基础实验研究,并根据实验结果得出废渣污泥的热解动力学参数。     

催化剂对造纸污泥热解特性的影响

研究了Na2CO3、Na2SO4、NaCl、K2CO3、K2SO4、KCl 6种化合物对造纸污泥热解的催化作用,利用热天平分别将其按一定比例与污泥混合后进行热重实验,对加入催化剂的污泥与空白污泥的DTG曲线进行了分析比较,探讨了催化剂的种类、用量等因素对污泥热解特性的影响。研究结果表明：钠化合物的催化作用大小依次为Na2CO3〉Na2SO4〉NaCl,而钾化合物的催化作用依次为K2CO3〉K2SO4〉KCl,两类化合物中碳酸盐的催化作用显著;6种催化剂均使污泥热解反应向低温区移动,其中碳酸盐最显著,且最大失重速率最大;催化剂用量5%（以催化剂中Na或K元素对污泥质量分数计）时为理想用量。     

造纸污泥处置新技术——流化床焚烧法

研究了造纸污泥的流化床焚烧新技术。分析了污泥在流化床中的能量利用、结团特性及燃烧过程，并在大型流化床上进行了焚烧试验，测定了烟气排放及灰渣中重金属的排放。培果表明，造纸污泥在流化床内有着十分利于焚烧的结团特性，污泥在流化库内能稳定运行并能得到较高的燃烧效率，烟气排放及重金属含量都可以满足环保要求，而不会造成二次污染。     

脱墨污泥热解及化学特性初步研究

借助同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)分别对湿的、热干燥和冷冻干燥造纸脱壁污泥的热解特性进行初步研究.借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对污泥化学特性进行初步研究.结果表明,脱墨污泥的热解町以分为水分析出、有机物质析出、矿物质分解和残留灰分4个阶段,脱墨污泥中可能含有高岭土、苯类等物质.     

造纸污泥及废渣焚烧项目

正浆纸技术由华泰股份和齐鲁工业大学联合开发的"造纸废渣无害化处理和综合利用技术研究与示范"项目,主要开展了脱墨污泥热解汽化、热解汽化残渣制备新型建筑材料及废弃塑料资源化利用等技术研究。该项目总投资9700万元,以煤为辅助燃料,对造纸过程中产生的脱墨污泥、中段水污泥、转鼓渣子等固废进行无害化焚烧处理。重点建设日处理脱墨污泥800t热解汽化示范线1     

烟草的燃烧与热解特性

对烟杆的燃烧特性以及烟叶的热解特性进行了分析研究。结果表明，烟杆的燃烧过程分为４个阶段，即脱水、热解和挥发份燃烧、挥发物的燃烧与碳表面燃烧并存、固体碳的表面燃烧；烟叶的纯热解过程有３个阶段，即脱水、热解和碳化。     

造纸污泥特性及高值资源化利用研究进展

造纸污泥作为制浆造纸过程的固体废弃物,具有数量巨大、成分复杂等特点,如何对其进行合理处置对制浆造纸工业的清洁生产及可持续化发展具有重要意义。首先对造纸污泥的产生途径、水分特性以及理化特性进行分析,然后简述造纸污泥在传统处理处置方法(投弃填埋、焚烧、工农业利用等)方面的发展并对其处理效果进行剖析。最后从造纸污泥成分性质出发,进一步评述了造纸污泥在制备甲烷、直接气化、溶剂热液化和碳化等高值资源化利用方面的最新进展。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press