热塑性淀粉基薄膜研究进展

淀粉是由α-葡萄糖分子聚合而成的天然高分子材料,来源广泛,主要分布在植物的根茎中,具有价格低廉、可再生及可生物降解等优点。利用淀粉制备天然可降解塑料薄膜,对解决和改善环境污染有着重大意义。与淀粉基材料相比,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等合成高分子为原料制成的热塑性产品具有气味刺激性、不可生物降解和污染环境等缺点。基于淀粉的天然优势,以淀粉为原料制成的可生物降解热塑性材料成为国内外研究人员的研究热点。主要综述了淀粉的结构和性质,淀粉的增塑方法,淀粉膜的制备方法,热塑性淀粉基功能性膜材料研究进展,并对热塑性淀粉基功能材料的研究内容进行了总结与展望。     

淀粉-纤维复合发泡缓冲材料的研究

为制备可降解缓冲包装材料,将淀粉与废纸纤维材料混合,通过控制材料的含水量及添加剂含量,使定量材料在一定温度和压力下模压发泡成型。结果表明,在模压温度为170℃,合模压力为23 kPa,保压时间为5 min的加工条件下,纤维量的增加使材料密度、载荷能力得到了升高,并提高了复合材料高应力条件下的缓冲性能。     

热塑性淀粉材料的制备及其性能

分别以水和丙三醇作为淀粉的增塑剂，研究了它们对淀粉热塑性加工工艺参数的影响，比较了所得材料的力学性能，表征了材料加工前后的聚集结构，并给出了一个淀粉在加工过程中受热、剪切及增塑剂作用的模型。     

柑橘皮渣/淀粉基复合发泡材料的纳米改性研究

目的在柑橘皮渣/淀粉基复合材料中添加纳米材料,对其进行纳米改性研究。方法分别将质量分数为1%,3%,5%,7%等4种纳米蒙脱土添加到柑橘皮渣/淀粉复合材料中,采用双螺杆挤出制备复合发泡材料,并检测复合发泡材料的膨胀率、表观密度、压缩强度、吸湿性能、微观结构和红外光谱。结果添加质量分数为1%和3%的纳米蒙脱土,均能显著增强复合发泡材料的压缩强度,且添加质量分数为3%的纳米蒙脱土,能使复合发泡材料具有最大膨胀率、最低表观密度和丰富的泡孔结构,而添加质量分数为5%和7%的纳米蒙脱土,并不利于复合发泡材料的挤出成型。结论添加适量的纳米材料可以提高柑橘皮渣/淀粉基复合材料的发泡效果,增强力学性能。     

热塑性淀粉基生物分解材料研究进展

热塑性淀粉具有完全可生物降解的特性,成为近年来环保领域的重要研究方向之一.介绍了几种常见淀粉的微观形貌,重点阐述了热塑性淀粉和其它合成聚合物复合体系的研究现状,总结了热塑性淀粉与天然聚合物复合体系新进展,最后提出了该材料的发展趋势.     

耐水型热塑性淀粉基生物降解复合材料的研究进展

淀粉由于来源广泛、价格低廉、可再生、可生物降解而被公认为最具发展前景的生物降解材料之一,但其力学性能易受环境湿度影响而降低,限制了其应用。将原淀粉/TPS进行物理或化学改性,或者与疏水性生物降解塑料共混是提高原淀粉/TPS耐水性的重要途径。主要综述了改善热塑性淀粉材料耐水性、提高力学性能的方法;另外,分别总结了国内外TPS/PLA、TPS/PCL和TPS/PBS共混材料研究进展及发展趋势。     

淀粉基可降解泡沫材料的研究进展

本文简述了目前淀粉基可降解发泡材料的最新研究进展,综述了国内外淀粉基可降解发泡材料的成型研究进展,并对未来的发展做了展望。     

工艺参数对淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料挤出发泡的影响

以淀粉和乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）为原料制备生物质发泡材料的过程中,工艺参数对复合发泡材料的生产制备有着很大的影响.研究了在制备淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料过程中螺杆转速对塑化形态的影响,喂料速度对制备过程的影响,模口温度对泡孔大小的影响和原料含水率对材料膨胀率的影响.研究发现：螺杆转速设置为120 r/min时,淀粉/EVA复合材料挤出物塑化效果最优;适当的喂料速度,可避免“架桥”“堵塞”现象;模口温度设置为160 ℃时,可配合发泡剂达到充分分解,使泡孔最大化;当原料含水率为14%时,复合发泡材料的膨胀率达最大值,为14.4%.     

淀粉基生物降解塑料材料

综述了淀粉基降解塑料材料的国内外研究动态，重点研究内容，生物降解塑料的定义和评价方法以及降解塑料的应用及市场预测。     

提高热塑性淀粉材料耐水性的研究进展

在扼要介绍热塑性淀粉材料的基础上,总结和归纳了近年来国内外以提高热塑性淀粉材料的耐水性能和降低其对环境湿度敏感性为目的的研究工作.与可生物降解高分子共混、交联处理和表面改性是目前采用的主要方法.评述了这些方法各自的特点和不足,并指出今后的研究工作应以开发廉价、高效、环保并易于工业化实施的改性方法为主要方向.     

羟基磷灰石/淀粉基复合生物材料

淀粉基(starch-based)材料是一类重要的生物降解聚合物,羟基磷灰石(HA)是人体骨骼的主要成分,以淀粉基材料为基体、以HA为增强材料的HA/淀粉基复合材料是一类新型的复合生物材料,其具有良好的生物相容性,在骨修复领域具有巨大的应用潜力.初步对该复合材料进行了归类,并介绍了其制备工艺、性能和应用等方面的研究近况,指出改进复合工艺、采用纳米级HA增强并进行表面改性是其发展趋势.     

国外可降解淀粉发泡材料最新研究进展

主要综述了国外可降解环保型淀粉发泡材料的研究现状,阐述了淀粉挤出发泡和烘焙发泡以及淀粉基聚氨酯泡沫塑料的最新研究进展.同时也概述了超临界熔体挤出法应用于淀粉发泡的最新研究成果和淀粉发泡过程的模型建立,为淀粉发泡材料的进一步工业化应用提供了一定的参考.     

Folding of Continuous Fibre Thermoplastic Composites

Thermoplastic composites with continuous fibres are attractive construction materials because of their good specific mechanical properties and their possibility to be processed very rapidly. An extremely fast processing method is folding of sheet material. Folding can be performed by local heating of a sheet along a line. Heating is done to a temperature, well above the softening or melting point of the thermoplastic polymer. Subsequent folding along the heated line requires very low forces. The folded geometry becomes permanent after cooling below the softening point of the polymer. Unfortunately, folding causes microbuckling of the reinforcing fibres at the compression side of the fold causing a severe reduction in the local strength. The present report describes a method for the folding of thermoplastic composites, which controls the direction of fibre microbuckling. The method results in a smaller strength reduction. The folding equipment is designed in such a way that microbuckling of the fibres occurs in a direction in the local plane of the sheet rather than being perpendicular to that plane. The result is a folded sheet with a reduction of about half of the original strength, as compared to a strength of only 15% of the original strength, which is typical for folds produced with more conventional means. In other words, the remaining strength is more then doubled using the new folding technology.     

热塑性复合材料纤维铺放工艺的研究进展

热塑性复合材料由于其良好的可焊接性、可循环利用性、抗化学腐蚀性,特别是短时间内就可加工成型等特点,在未来航空航天构件制造领域有着广阔的应用前景。纤维铺放过程中涉及一系列的物理现象,涵盖传热学、热力学、结晶动力学,牛顿流体力学等学科及这些学科的交叉领域。本文以上述学科的相关知识为理论依据,对纤维铺放工艺中的加热工艺,冷却工艺,铺层间强度,纤维铺放压力和残余热应力五方面内容,通过分析其理论模型的建立和求解方法,介绍和讨论了纤维铺放过程中与最终产品质量相关的基体材料结晶度、铺层间紧密接触程度、铺层间熔合度等关键问题及其中涉及的铺放温度、铺放速率、铺放压力等主要工艺参数。同时,本文还总结了国外的研究成果和研究进展,指出其中存在的一些问题,并对今后纤维铺放工艺的研究方向进行了展望。     

Highly Impact-Resistant Silk Fiber Thermoplastic Composites

Silk fibers combine good stiffness and strength with a very high strain to failure and are as such highly promising to realize composites with high impact resistance. It is shown that to realize this potential it is quite beneficial to employ matrix materials of high strain to failure, particularly thermoplastic matrices. High impact resistance is thus achieved, well above the values for the pure matrices. Below the glass-transition temperature of the thermoplastic matrix, the impact energy absorption decreases. The adhesion between fiber and matrix also plays a significant role; lower adhesion typically increases the low-velocity penetration impact resistance, due to the spread of damage. Finally, the fiber architecture is pivotal; when a woven fabric is used which is unbalanced in strength, the impact resistance reduces in correspondence with the weakest material direction. A quasi-isotropic layup has a lower capacity for deformation than a balanced woven configuration which likely explains the observed lower penetration impact resistance.     

Compression Behavior of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Plasticizer-Containing Composites

Strength of Materials - Thermoplastic starch-based composites generate worldwide interest as they are based on green raw materials and undergo complete degradation. The composites were first...     

影响淀粉基生物降解复合材料结构和性能的因素

综述了国内外淀粉与聚合物共混研制降解复合材料的研究成果,探讨了淀粉基生物降解复合材料的相态结构、力学性能和生物降解性能,并深入地分析了影响淀粉基复合材料性能的各种因素,为本领域的科学研究提供了理论依据.     

Processing Optimization of Deformed Plain Woven Thermoplastic Composites

This research addresses the processing optimization of post-manufactured, plain weave architecture composite panels consisted of four glass layers and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) when formed with only localized heating. Often times, during the production of deep drawn composite parts, a fabric preform experiences various defects, including non-isothermal heating and thickness variations. Minimizing these defects is of utmost importance for mass produceability in a practical manufacturing process. The broad objective of this research was to implement a design of experiments approach to minimize through-thickness composite panel variation during manufacturing by varying the heating time, the temperature of heated components and the clamping pressure. It was concluded that the heated tooling with least area contact was most influential, followed by the length of heating time and the amount of clamping pressure.     

微发泡聚丙烯/晶须复合材料的发泡行为与力学性能

将改性的MgSO4和CaCO3晶须加入聚丙烯中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡聚丙烯(PP)/晶须复合材料,通过晶须在基体中的分散性、泡孔直径大小分布和泡孔密度,分析了不同晶须对材料的发泡行为与力学性能的影响.结果表明,晶须具有一定成核效应,CaCO3晶须的泡孔尺寸25.27μm左右,填充增强效果差;MgSO4晶须的泡孔尺...