伪码调相引信探测技术研究

建立了伪码调相引信点目标条件下的探测方程,对面目标条件下的回波信号进行了分析,在此基础上得到面目标条件下的近似探测方程,为研究面目标条件下的目标特性和性能指标打下基础。     

伪码调相引信干扰仿真模块化设计

为了便于研究伪码调相引信的干扰性能,利用Matlab／Simulink完成了伪码调相引信干扰仿真系统的模块化设计。用Simulink对伪码调相引信干扰仿真系统进行模块化设计,不仅建模简捷,而且增加了仿真的可视化效果和模块的可移植特性。最后在一定条件下对压制性噪声调频干扰和模拟回波的欺骗性干扰进行实时动态仿真,仿真结果表明所设计的伪码调相引信干扰仿真系统是正确可信的。     

基于码元重构的伪码调相脉冲多普勒引信干扰信号设计

为了有效干扰伪码调相脉冲多普勒引信,提出了基于码元重构的干扰信号设计方法。采用3阶相关函数对伪随机码进行了盲估计,基于估计出的伪随机码重构了引信干扰信号,理论分析了该干扰信号对伪码调相脉冲多普勒引信的干扰效果。仿真和试验结果表明,基于码元重构的干扰方法能够对伪码调相脉冲多普勒引信产生欺骗式干扰效果,与传统干扰信号相比,码元重构干扰具有更高的干扰效率。     

伪码调相连续波引信时-空二维联合特性

在伪码调相连续波引信信号处理部分,相关器输出信号中会包含有动目标的多普勒特性,但这在传统的信号分析中很难体现出来,因此提出对相关器的输出部分展开时空二维联合动态分析,从整体上研究多普勒特性。理论研究发现相关器的输出在空间上为被伪码调相连续波信号的相关函数采样的多普勒信号,相邻采样间隔为码字周期。仿真结果表明了上述结论的正确性,而且从仿真结果图中也很容易观察出在不同时延处相关器输出的多普勒信号,简单易懂。     

基于PN序列抽取的伪码调相引信信号处理研究

现有的A/D和DSP硬件性能一直是伪码调相引信信号处理系统数字化过程中的瓶颈。文中讨论了一种带有抽取数字相关器的伪码调相引信。该技术利用抽取PN序列原理,在保持引信距离分辨率的同时,减少了对A/D采样率和DSP处理速率的要求。文中分析了原理,给出了实现过程,并进行了仿真,结果表明基于PN序列抽取的伪码调相引信距离响应保持不变。但该方法需要增加积分时间以提高信噪比。     

伪码调相引信多普勒容限及其扩展研究

在对伪码调相引信多普勒容限扩展必要性进行分析的基础上．研究了多普勒容限与引信主要参数间的关系,提出了用二次混频的方法扩展多普勒容限的理论和设计方案,并通过仿真进行了验证。     

基于变分正则化参数估计的伪码调相引信重构式干扰方法

基于截获信号的参数估计及重构的重构式干扰能够在恶劣电磁环境下确保干扰信号同引信信号的相干性,从而显著提高干扰效果,是新一代引信干扰机的重要技术特征,重构式干扰的关键在于低信噪比条件下截获信号调制参数的精确估计,但伪码调相信号的相位突变特性导致其参数难以通过传统时频分析获得。针对这一问题,提出基于变分正则化参数估计的伪码调相引信重构式干扰方法。通过插值傅里叶精确估计截获信号的中心频率,并将截获信号下变频为零中频信号;利用伪码序列的稀疏性,设计变分正则化迭代算法从零中频信号估计截获信号的伪码序列;根据参数估计结果重构引信信号,通过仿真及试验验证所提方法的性能。研究结果表明：所提方法在-10 dB截获信噪比条件下具有优良的参数估计性能,低截获信噪比条件下基于参数估计的重构式干扰效果优于传统的预置波形干扰及转发式干扰。     

伪码调相引信干扰实验系统研究

在介绍伪随机码调相引信的工作原理基础上，论述了伪码调相引信干扰实验系统的工作原理，并给出了伪码调相引信干扰实验系统的原理框图及干扰源实物图片，为伪码调相引信的干扰与抗干扰研究提供参考。     

伪码调相引信的干扰与抗干扰

从抗噪声和抗同周期不同码型伪码调制的干扰信号两个方面讨论了伪码调相引信的抗干扰性能。接着讨论了对伪码调相引信的干扰方法。最后分析了干扰信号在存在误码、码元宽度误差以及载频误差情况下的干扰效果。     

伪码调相与脉冲多普勒复合引信的抗噪声性能分析

简单介绍了伪码调相与脉冲多普勒复合引信的工作原理。详细推导了它在相关检测前的信噪比增益，以及相关检测的最大输出峰值功率信噪比。结果表明复合引信具有较强的抗噪声性能，在相关检测前的信噪比增益为2αcos^2(ω0τ0)，而相关检测的最大输出峰值功率信噪比为PaA^2rEcos^2(ω0τ0)／n0。     

基于反向传播神经网络的海杂波参数估计

研究分析海杂波、评估弹载导引头在不同海况下的打击精度具有重大意义。针对传统统计方法的海杂波参数估计易存在脱离实况海杂波物理特征的问题,提出基于反向传播（BP）神经网络的参数估计法。利用海杂波幅度分布特性和时间相关性,建立基于K分布的时间与空间相关海杂波模型;重点分析形状参数、尺度参数、杂波速度均方根、平均多普勒频移4个模型参数对海杂波混沌特性、分形特性的影响,总结出模型参数与物理特征之间的定性关系;利用BP神经网络充分挖掘参数与物理特征间的定量关系,并对混沌特性、分形特性进行预测,决定系数为0.985、0.952. 以实测海杂波数据为例,比较BP神经网络、最大似然估计和矩估计法的模型参数,验证了该方法可以较好地贴近真实海杂波的物理特征。     

基于多特征量的海杂波参数估计

研究分析海杂波对于有效评估不同海况下的弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像性能具有重大意义。针对传统参数估计法较难精确拟合海杂波幅度分布的峰值、幅度宽度等多个特征量的问题,提出基于多特征量的参数估计法。利用海杂波的幅度分布特性和时间相关性,建立基于球不变随机过程法的海杂波模型;构造反映海杂波幅度分布的4个特征量,即概率最大处幅度、概率最大处幅度的分布概率、半概率幅度宽度、分布概率小于0. 01的幅度临界点,利用反向传播(BP)神经网络建立尺度参数、形状参数与4个特征量之间的定量关系,决定系数分别为0. 992、0. 994;基于实测数据和训练好的BP神经网络求解尺度参数、形状参数,建立海杂波幅度分布模型,并与经验公式和混合估计法进行对比;通过分析不同海况下的后向散射系数确定海杂波的信号功率,为评估不同海况下的弹载SAR成像性能提供了海杂波模型。     

基于插值短时分数阶傅里叶变换-变权拟合的线性调频信号参数估计

针对低信噪比下线性调频(LFM)信号参数估计精度不高的问题,提出一种基于Rife插值短时分数阶傅里叶变换(STFRFT)-变权拟合(VWSF)方法。该方法利用STFRFT提高LFM信号的聚集性,实现对LFM信号瞬时频率的高精度估计,并通过VWSF进一步提高信号初始频率和调频率的估计精度。推导得到了初始频率和调频率估计的克拉美-罗限(CRLB),分析了信号时长、滑窗次数等因素对CRLB的影响。仿真实验及海试结果表明,相比于传统基于短时傅里叶变换的估计方法,Rife插值STFRFT-VWSF方法具有更高的LFM信号参数估计精度。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.