钢筋混凝土牛腿结构拉压杆模型及配筋设计

美国混凝土结构规范(ACI 318-08)将拉压杆模型设计方法作为规范性附录,用于指导混凝土结构D区的设计。首先介绍拉压杆模型构成,分析按中国规范（GB 50010-2010）的设计参数（荷载、混凝土强度、钢筋强度）设计时,压杆、拉杆及节点区内力的计算,提供了设计步骤。按照中国规范参数,对牛腿结构进行拉压杆模型设计,对比分析了按建议方法进行设计时与按ACI 318-08规范设计时安全度的差别。算例分析表明,按建议的拉压杆方法进行牛腿结构设计,力学概念清晰,计算简便,与中国规范规定设计方法的安全度水平相当,可用于钢筋混凝土牛腿结构的设计。     

钢筋混凝土简支深梁压杆-拉杆模型试验对比分析

深受弯构件的拉压杆模型已经得到了广泛的认可。为研究混凝土深梁设计中采用的压杆-拉杆模型,进行了简支深梁集中荷载下的模型静载试验。试验设计依据为《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)中深梁的相关规定及美国《混凝土结构建筑规范》(ACI318M-05)中压杆-拉杆模型设计的相关规定,试验参数为剪跨比、配筋方式等。试验结果表明,深梁混凝土抗压强度软化系数β与剪跨比和分布钢筋配筋率有关;水平分布筋对于承载力的贡献大于竖向分布钢筋。根据试验结果比较,中国规范对于小剪跨比(λ≤1)深梁的设计有较大的安全储备,美国规范深梁设计中所采用的压杆-拉杆模型较为经济合理。     

拉-压杆模型在钢筋混凝土深梁设计中的应用

为完善中国<混凝土结构设计规范>(GB 50010-2002)中关于钢筋混凝土深梁的承载力设计方法,根据美国ACI 318M-05规范D区-压杆模型方法,按中国规范的设计表达式,提出了钢筋混凝土深梁承栽力的拉-压杆模型计算方法.基于所收集到的各国52个受剪破坏和29个受弯破坏的深梁试验数据,分别采用拉-压杆模型方法和中国GB 50010-2002规范深梁承载力计算方法,对试验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,拉-压杆模型方法的计算结果比中国GB 50010-2002规范方法更准确.     

混凝土斜拉桥索塔锚固区预应力设计的拉-压杆模型法

简要论述了拉-压杆模型方法的理论及一般设计过程,推导了基于中国规范的混凝土压杆有效强度计算公式,并给出了预应力及普通钢筋拉杆的强度计算公式.针对混凝土斜拉桥索塔锚固区预应力设计,采用拉-压杆模型方法对箱形断面索塔锚固区进行分析,并建立拉-压杆模型,定量设计出预应力钢束.建立三维实体单元有限元仿真模型对索塔锚固区进行分析,其结果验证了拉-压杆模型的精度和可靠性.     

混凝土箱梁桥横隔板的拉压杆模型设计方法

混凝土箱梁桥中的横隔板,在横桥向应按深梁考虑其受力,可采用拉压杆模型方法进行设计.针对不同支承条件和受载工况下的横隔板,探讨了拉压杆模型的构形原则与方法.最后,针对某横隔板的施工受力工况,按照拉压杆模型方法并依据美国ACI318 -08规范对其进行了配筋设计.     

采用压-拉杆模型计算型钢混凝土深梁承载力

基于ACI规范压-拉杆模型设计方法,建立了型钢混凝土（SRC）深梁的压-拉杆模型。根据收集到的25个深梁试验数据,分别采用我国规范关于SRC深梁的承载力计算方法和本文提出的压-拉杆模型,对其承载力和破坏模式进行预测,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,我国规范关于SRC深梁的承载力计算结果误差较大,论文提出的压-拉杆模型能较好地计算SRC深梁的承载力。     

钢筋混凝土无腹筋简支和连续深梁压杆-拉杆模型的评价与改进

压杆-拉杆模型(strut-and-tie model,STM)被广泛应用于钢筋混凝土深梁受剪承载力计算中。基于可靠的钢筋混凝土无腹筋简支和连续深梁剪切试验数据库,对ACI 318-14、EC2和CSA A23.3-04的STM进行了评价,结果表明:ACI 318-14与EC2中的STM不能准确反映剪跨比对深梁受剪承载力的影响,而CSA A23.3-04中的STM在计算连续深梁受剪承载力时偏于不安全。因此,依据试验数据库,提出考虑剪跨比和混凝土强度影响的压杆有效系数,用于无腹筋或者腹筋配筋量不满足最小配筋率要求的压杆有效强度的计算。在此基础上,建立了改进的深梁STM,通过与试验数据及其他规范的比较,认为所提模型的适用范围广(剪跨比不大于2.5),预测深梁的受剪承载力能同时保持较低的变异系数(0.29)和较高的安全余度(不安全预测值的占比为5.4%)。     

体外预应力桥梁转向装置配筋设计方法简析

介绍了体外预应力桥梁转向装置的三种类型以及受力特点,就目前转向装置设计配筋拉—压杆模型的三种建立方法进行分析,并参考ACI318-05规范列出转向装置配筋的一般步骤,提出转向装置配筋建议。     

2个移动荷载下深梁设计的压杆-拉杆模型

为使深梁的设计建立于合理的理论基础之上,采用压杆-拉杆模型的设计方法对2个间距一定的移动荷载下的钢筋混凝土深梁进行设计。建立了2个移动荷载下深梁拓扑结构变化的压杆-拉杆模型,给出了拉杆拉力、压杆压应力的计算公式,并用一个实例验证了该方法的合理性。结果表明:当荷载移动到深梁接近跨中的某一位置时,拉杆承受的拉力最大,应以此确定需要的纵向受拉钢筋面积;当荷载移动到深梁接近于支座时,混凝土压杆的压应力最大,应通过压应力得出深梁的截面尺寸及混凝土的抗压强度。     

建业里东区地下室深受弯构件设计

根据建筑功能要求,地下一层的混凝土墙作为一层高的转换构件承托上部结构单元.根据《混凝土结构设计规范》,该转换构件均属于深受弯构件,分为悬臂梁类型和连续梁类型.根据规范进行构件设计的同时参照美国ACI 318M-05关于深梁简化为拉—压杆模型的计算方法进行补充验算.文中介绍此二类深受弯构件的简化计算方法,构件设计及节点设计.     

中外混凝土结构构造措施的对比研究

为了比较国内外在混凝土结构构造措施的异同,通过对我国“混凝土结构设计规范”（GB 50010-2010）、美国“混凝土结构设计规范”（ACI 318-02、ACI318M-05）和欧洲“混凝土结构设计规范”（EN1992-1-1：2004）的对比分析,就混凝土结构的伸缩缝、混凝土保护层、钢筋的锚固和连接等构造措施进行了...     

有粘结预应力FRP筋混凝土梁抗裂计算方法

关于有粘结预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的抗裂度和裂缝宽度的计算问题,目前我国现行设计规范中尚无相关规定,ACI440.1R—06规范仅给出了非预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的最大裂缝宽度的计算方法。分别应用我国现行《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010—2002)和ACI318—05规范中适用于普通钢筋混凝土构件的抗裂度公式,计算了国内外30根有粘结预应力FRP筋混凝土梁试件的开裂弯矩。按我国《混凝土结构设计规范》计算的开裂弯矩值与试验结果吻合良好。考虑了FRP筋等效、FRP筋的粘结性能以及环氧涂层钢筋等的影响,对我国《混凝土结构设计规范》中有关受弯构件最大裂缝宽度的计算公式进行了修正。基于提出的修正公式和ACI440.1R—06规范对国内外24根有粘结预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的试验结果进行计算对比。分析结果表明,文中的计算值与试验结果更为吻合。     

中、美混凝土结构设计规范构件正截面受弯承载力的分析比较

针对钢筋混凝土构件正截面受弯承载力,从结构设计方法、材料强度取值、正截面承载力计算方法、最大和最小配筋率、受弯承载力计算结果,对我国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2002)和美国ACI 318M-05规范进行了较为全面的对比分析。结果表明,在适筋范围,两国规范的受弯承载力的安全储备程度基本相近,但在趋向超筋梁时,我国规范的安全储备小于美国规范;美国规范对超筋梁的限制比我国规范要严,最小配筋率比我国规范高约1.5倍。此外,美国规范采用的基于概率理论的荷载抗力系数设计法,在调整不同受力性能构件的安全储备方面更为灵活。     

Shear strengthening of continuous reinforced concrete T-beams using wire rope units

A simple unbonded-type shear strengthening technique for reinforced concrete beams using wire rope units is presented. Ten two-span reinforced concrete T-beams externally strengthened with wire rope units and an unstrengthened control beam were tested to failure, to explore the significance and shortcomings of the developed unbonded-type shear strengthening technique. The main parameters investigated were the type, amount and prestressing force of wire rope units. All beams tested failed, owing to significant diagonal cracks within the interior shear span. However, beams strengthened with closed type wire rope units exhibited more ductile failure than the unstrengthened, control beam or those strengthened with U-type wire rope units. The diagonal cracking load and ultimate shear capacity of beams with closed-type were linearly increased with the increase of vertical confinement stresses in concrete owing to the prestressing force in wire rope units, while those of beams with U-type were minimally influenced. It was also observed that average stresses in closed-type wire ropes crossing diagonal cracks at ultimate strength of beams tested were much higher than those in U-type wire ropes, showing better utilization in the former case. The shear capacity of beams with closed-type wire rope units is conservatively predicted using the equations of ACI 318-05, modified to account for the external wire rope units. A mechanism analysis based on the upper bound approach of the plasticity theory is also developed to assess the load capacity of beams tested. The predictions by the mechanism analysis for beams with closed-type wire rope units are in good agreement with test results and showed a coefficient of variation slightly less than the modified ACI 318-05 equations. However, the modified ACI 318-05 equations are more conservative and simpler to use for design purposes.     

Shear strength of slender reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement: A model using fuzzy set theory

A reliable shear strength model for slender reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement is described based on fuzzy set theory. The fuzzy-based model was developed to consider the interaction between the shear modeling parameters and the random and non-random uncertainties in these parameters. The parameters were identified essential for modeling shear strength in slender reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement being: the compressive strength, the effective depth and the tension reinforcement ratio. A total of 385 experimental datasets obtained from shear tests of simply supported reinforced concrete beams from the literature, are used in learning/developing and verification of the proposed model (164 for learning and 221 for verification). The shear strength predicted by the fuzzy-based model was compared to those predicted by current shear strength models suggested by design codes such as the Eurocode 2 (EC2), the American code ACI (318-05), and Canadian code (CSA A23.3-04). The fuzzy-based model yields a significant enhancement in the prediction of the shear strength while still respecting principles of mechanics governing shear failure in concrete beams.     

Deflection and crack-width prediction of concrete beams reinforced with glass FRP rods

Concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars exhibit large deflections and crack widths as compared to concrete beams reinforced with steel due to the low modulus of elasticity of FRP. Current design methods for predicting deflections at service load and crack widths developed in concrete structures reinforced with steel bars may not be used for concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. Thus, the ACI 440 Committee has provided design guidelines for concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Verification of the ACI 440 methods for predicting deflections and crack widths for glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams are presented in this paper. In addition, improvement to the crack width equation was suggested to account for 2 layers of reinforcement. This study shows that ACI 440.1R-01 can be effectively used to predict deflections in concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars and crack width in beams with one-layer FRP bars. However, when FRP bars are placed in two layers, ACI 440.1R-01 can be used after some parameters are modified. Six full concrete beams reinforced with different GFRP reinforcement ratios were load tested and the measured deflections and crack widths were analyzed and compared with those predicted by the proposed models. The experimental results compared well with those proposed by the model.     

Aggregate interlock in lightweight concrete continuous deep beams

There are very few, if any, available experimental investigations on aggregate interlock capacity along diagonal cracks in lightweight concrete deep beams. As a result, the shear design provisions including the modification factor of ACI 318-08 and EC 2 for lightweight concrete continuous deep beams are generally developed and validated using normal weight simple deep beam specimens. This paper presents the testing of 12 continuous beams made of all-lightweight, sand-lightweight and normal weight concrete having maximum aggregate sizes of 4, 8, 13 and 19 mm. The load capacities of beams tested are compared with the predictions of strut-and-tie models recommended in ACI 318-08 and EC 2 provisions including the modification factor for lightweight concrete. The beam load capacity increased with the increase of maximum aggregate size, though the aggregate interlock contribution to the load capacity of lightweight concrete deep beams was less than that of normal weight concrete deep beams. It was also shown that the lightweight concrete modification factor in EC 2 is generally unconservative, while that in ACI 318-08 is conservative for all-lightweight concrete but turns to be unconservative for sand-lightweight concrete with a maximum aggregate size above 13 mm. The conservatism of the strut-and-tie models specified in ACI 318-08 and EC 2 decreased with the decrease of maximum aggregate size, and was less in lightweight concrete deep beams than in normal weight concrete deep beams.     

中美钢筋混凝土梁正截面承载力计算比较

从荷载组合和正截面受弯承载力计算两方面对钢筋混凝土梁正截面承载力计算的中国规范和美国规范进行了比较,并给出了比较结果,对了解我国的规范水平具有参考价值。