Toward more effective management of information technology benefits

A critical issue facing senior executives is how to improve the return on their information technology (IT) investments. The results of numerous studies are inconclusive as they have failed to show conclusively that IT investments produce expected payoffs. The purpose of this paper is to offer an explanation for the perceived lack of IT payoff and show how managers can improve the return on their IT investments. We argue that IT can provide significant benefits, but in many cases these benefits are not captured by the firm that made the investment. Instead, a large portion of the benefits are reaped by a variety of participants or stakeholders. The implications of this for managers is that they need to view IT payoff as a portfolio of benefits across many stakeholders. They must also understand and manage the distribution of the benefits within the portfolio to assure that benefits are transferred to the bottom line. The paper offers a framework for analyzing the nature and distribution of IT benefits among various stakeholder groups and concludes with a set of guidelines for measuring and managing these benefits.     

Accounting for information technology in corporate acquisitions

Corporate acquisitions have become key elements in strategic planning for many companies. Historically, analysts of corporate acquisitions have emphasized strategic and organizational factors in evaluating candidates for friendly takeovers. Since company data and information technology (IT) are as much a management resource as are the financial and human resources for the combined firm, the authors propose that IT fit should be explicitly considered in analysis of corporate acquisitions. An assessment of IT fit will refer to the IT environments of the two joining firms, the IT contribution each firm can bring to the combined firm, and the role that IT should play both in negotiating the acquisition price and in integrating the joining firms.     

An integrated approach toward strategic information systems planning

Within the competitive global environment, information has become a key resource for increasing a corporation's competitiveness by changing the nature or conduct of business. Accordingly, corporations are now seeking a method for information systems planning to maximize their strategic effectiveness.Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) refers to the process of creating a portfolio for the implementation and use of IS to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of a corporation, so that it can achieve its objectives. An investigation of SISP, however, showed that only 24% of planned applications were actually developed (Int. J. Comput. Appl. Technol., 8 (1995), 61; MIS Quarterly, September (1988), 445). This figure clearly shows that enhancements are required for current SISP processes. In particular, this paper focuses on SISP methodologies, which provide support for overall SISP processes.The paper initially identifies four general SISP methodology problems: lack of support for Information Technology Architecture, under-emphasis on information technology opportunities, duration of SISP, and lack of support for business process reengineering. Next, it proposes an integrated SISP methodology which solves the above problems while retaining the advantageous qualities of current SISP methodologies. Finally, a case study is added to show how the methodology actually works in practice.     

浅谈网络信息技术在企业中的应用

本文分析了在现代企业中使用现代化的信息技术和网络技术的必要性,通过对企业本身实际需求的分析,从企业的组织结构、营销管理和人力资源管理的角度分析了网络信息技术在企业管理中的应用情况。     

The impact of information technology on the financial performance of diversified firms

Diversification may increase economic benefits through more efficient utilization of business resources across multiple markets. However, the benefits of these scope economies are often not realized due to costs of coordinating resources in multiple markets. Information technology (IT) is widely used to achieve more efficient coordination by reducing the costs of coordinating business resources across multiple markets. Because of the need for coordination of business resources across multiple markets, diversification can increase the demand for IT. But does increased use of IT improve the performance of diversified firms? This research tackles this question by undertaking an empirical study of the impact of IT on the financial performance resulting from diversification by focusing on the strategic direction chosen by different firms. The empirical aspects of this subject have received little attention from previous information systems (IS) and economics research. This research also sheds light on the business value of IT by showing the importance of complementarity between IT and strategy in firm performance, a subject which has also received limited attention in prior IS research.     

The impact of information technology on individual and firm marketing performance

The perceived impacts of information technology use on firm marketing organization performance are examined. A theoretical model is presented linking organizational and end-user traits, information quality, system/service quality, industry traits, and tasks performed using a system to perceptions of organizational performance impacts through ease of system use, perceived individual performance impacts (i.e. perceived usefulness), attitudes toward using the system, and system use. The empirical examination uses a mail survey of US marketing executives to collect the data. The quantitative technique used is structural equation modeling. The results indicate that measures of organizational traits, individual traits, information quality, system/service quality, and tasks performed using the system impact perceived performance of the marketing organization mediated individual performance impacts (i.e. perceived usefulness), attitudes toward using the system, and system use. Managerial implications and conclusions are presented based upon these results.     

The impact of information technology on individual and firm marketing performance

The perceived impacts of information technology use on firm marketing organization performance are examined. A theoretical model is presented linking organizational and end-user traits, information quality, system/service quality, industry traits, and tasks performed using a system to perceptions of organizational performance impacts through ease of system use, perceived individual performance impacts (i.e. perceived usefulness), attitudes toward using the system, and system use. The empirical examination uses a mail survey of US marketing executives to collect the data. The quantitative technique used is structural equation modeling. The results indicate that measures of organizational traits, individual traits, information quality, system/service quality, and tasks performed using the system impact perceived performance of the marketing organization mediated individual performance impacts (i.e. perceived usefulness), attitudes toward using the system, and system use. Managerial implications and conclusions are presented based upon these results.     

基于计算机技术在医院信息化管理系统设计

针对医院信息管理工作难度大,数据种类复杂并且对于医院管理数据利用率低等问题,设计一种医院信息管理系统,该系统软件设计采用C/S架构记性设计;针对医院数据挖掘技术,通过改进Apriori算法和增量决策树算法对数据进行处理,提高医院信息利用率;并通过设计模拟实验方案对设计的算法进行验证,其中对于改进Apriori算法与原始的Apriori算法相比起处理速度提升了 10倍;对于增量决策树算法分类的准确率比C4.5算法和ID3算法高5％以上,并且在增量学习中耗时是C4.5算法和ID3算法的40％以下.     

运用现代教育技术优化信息技术课堂教学效果

本文通过现代教育技术在教学思想、教学形式等方面的有效实践,描述了利用现代教育技术在信息技术课堂授课内容、授课方式、教学媒体及评价方法等方面优化教学效果的方法。     

试析信息技术在学校档案管理中的应用

研究信息技术在学校档案管理中的应用具有极大的现实意义.传统学校档案管理方式存在诸多不足,主要表现在工作效率低、保密性差、档案检索和维护难度较大等方面.现代化学校档案管理系统既有数据处理速度快、容量大、检索方便等优点,也具有相关法律不健全、档案易改等不足.实现学校档案管理工作的信息化要作到：提高档案管理的标准化水平,做好学校档案数据库的建设工作,加强办公自动化建设,学校档案管理工作人员要具备优良的素质.     

Managing the e-commerce disruption with IT-based innovations: Insights from strategic renewal perspectives

Transforming brick-and-mortar businesses into integrated online–offline models poses significant challenges for firms operationally and strategically. We conduct a comparative case study to investigate strategic renewals that result in the convergence of offline and online operations and strategies driven by information technology based innovations. We explore two strategic renewal paths used by our case firms: incremental resource-complementing renewal and discontinuous resource-substituting transformation. We illuminate the role of resource endowment in strategic renewal and its impact on the renewal path and explore the role of IT as operand or operant resource in strategic renewals and its impact on their success.     

How information-sharing values influence the use of information systems: An investigation in the business intelligence systems context

Although the constituents of information systems (IS) success and their relationships have been well documented in the business value of information technology (IT) and strategic IS literature, our understanding of how information-sharing values affect the relationships among IS success dimensions is limited. In response, we conduct a quantitative study of 146 medium and large firms that have implemented a business intelligence system in their operations. Our results highlight that in the business intelligence systems context information-sharing values are not directly linked to IT-enabled information use, yet they act as significant moderators of information systems success dimensions relationships.     

借助现代信息技术,助推高职高效英语简

现如今,科技发展迅猛,我们生活中的每个方面都会涉及到现代化的信息技术,就教学领域来说,当然也深受其影响,现代化的信息技术可以帮助高职英语方面的教学,改革教学方式,不断进取,从而有更好的发展。在本文中,作者通过摸索,分析了怎么样在高职英语的教学过程中更好的借助现代化的信息手段来给学生们上课,从而使得学生们的学习兴趣被激发,营造课堂气氛,取得理想的教学效果。     

Factors challenging information technology applications in developing countries

The problems faced by an organization when introducing information technology applications have been widely discussed in the literature and at international conferences. The identification and characterization of these problems have been obtained most of the time from cases belonging to developed countries. This paper presents some obstacles that are challenging information technology applications in developing countries, and discusses some of the consequences that arise. Finally, some directions to overcome those obstacles and to get the benefits of these innovations are presented.     

巧用信息技术实现学科整合

课堂教学效率影响着学生的学习效果和知识能力掌握.在实际教学过程中,由于教学方法不适宜等多种原因,我国技校课堂教学效率提升需要综合考虑教材内容和学生学习特点,本文分析了我国技校教学现状,同时剖析了技校教学效率低的根源,有针对性地提出了应用信息技术,提升技校教学效率举措.     

网络信息技术在高中体育教学中的应用

随着信息时代的到来,网络信息技术的应用范围越来越广,在学校教学不断改革的过程中,教学中对信息技术的使用越来越普遍。本文主要对网络信息技术在高中体育教学中的应用进行了讨论,首先分析了在高中体育教学中运用网络信息技术的作用,然后介绍了网络信息技术在高中体育教学中具体的应用方式。     

浅谈SQL Server中的安全策略

随着管理信息系统(MIS)的普及,数据库的安全问题必然成为众多企业关心的问题.本文从数据库数据的完整性、数据的备份和恢复、数据库系统不被非法用户侵入、数据库的审计、数据加密等几个方面,对数据库的安全设计提出了一些策略,并结合Microsoft SQL SeⅣer探讨大型关系数据库系统中的安全管理策略.根据信息系统开发过程中遇到的安全问题,从应用系统安全设计角度,给出了实现管理信息系统数据库避免非法侵入的设计及实现过程.     

Self-efficacy beliefs, computer training and psychological well-being among information and communication technology workers

This study examines the factorial structure of self-efficacy and the relationship among different levels of self-efficacy (i.e., generalised, professional and computer) and psychological well-being and training among Information and Communication Technology (ICT) workers. The sample was made up of 496 workers from different occupational sectors using ICT in their jobs and a subsample of these workers who were trained in ICT. Results show that (1) the generalised-specific structure is maintained in the three levels as expected but in fours factors: i.e., generalised self-efficacy, professional self-confidence, achieving professional objectives and computer self-efficacy. (2) There is a negative and significant relationship between self-efficacy and different psychological well-being indicators. (3) Computer attitudes moderated the relationship between computer training (i.e., number of training hours) and professional self-confidence. So far, workers with high positive attitude towards ICT, when number of hours are high, their levels of professional self-confidence increase, but it depends on the number of training hours (i.e. more training hours, more self-confidence). However, workers with low levels of positive attitude towards ICT experimented a decrease in professional self-confidence. In conclusion, training has not a direct influence on self-efficacy but moderated by type of training. Limitations of the study and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

A curriculum framework for implementing information technology in school education to foster information literacy

A literature review of the development of the information technology (IT) curriculum in recent decades in Hong Kong reveals that the aim of the curriculum has shifted from Computer Studies to the development of information literacy (IL). Based on a survey of all schools in Hong Kong and in response to the demand for IL in society, a curriculum framework is proposed that fosters the IL of students. The curriculum framework is based on the rationale of significant learning and designed on the principles of providing authenticity and creating reflection. It consists of three parts: a core IT curriculum; use of knowledge about IT and information processing across curricula; and a school culture that fosters IL. Four issues that are critical for the successful implementation of the proposed curriculum framework are discussed: school-based implementation models; the provision of service learning activities; support from parents; and reduction of the digital divide between students.