纳米材料过氧化物模拟酶在比色分析及电化学传感器中的应用

纳米材料模拟酶与天然酶相比,稳定性好,反应活性较高,易于对各类功能分子或蛋白质等进行修饰和标记,能够方便地应用于生物分析检测中.近几年,国内外的研究人员制备出各种各样的新型纳米材料模拟酶用于过氧化氢、葡萄糖、癌症标志物的检测.简要总结了近年来国内外磁性纳米粒子、金属纳米粒子、纳米合金等纳米材料模拟酶在比色分析及电化学传感器中应用的研究进展.     

复合材料应用于无酶电化学生物传感器的研究进展

综述了近年来各种新型复合材料在无酶电化学生物传感器应用方面的研究与进展。重点介绍和归纳了离子液体、纳米材料(金属及其金属氧化物纳米材料、碳纳米材料、钙钛矿纳米材料)的研究现状及其在无酶电化学生物传感器上的应用,并对复合材料实际应用于无酶电化学生物传感器方面的未来发展及所存在的问题做了展望。     

光电化学传感器及其在生物分析中的应用研究进展

光电化学传感器是近年来发展起来的一种基于化学或生物识别过程的分析设备,因具有响应快速、灵敏度高、设备简单、价格低廉且易于微型化等优点,在生命分析和环境分析等领域受到了广泛关注。首先介绍了光电化学传感器的基本原理、分类及用于构建该类传感器的光电活性纳米材料,在此基础上进一步综述了光电化学传感器在生物分析中的应用,如用于DNA检测、免疫传感及酶分析等。     

基于纳米仿生酶构建电化学生物传感器用于活性氧检测

活性氧是一类存在于人体内性质活泼的含氧物质的总称,紫外线、化学药品以及大气污染等都可以诱导人体内活性氧的产生.活性氧涉及多种生理和病理过程,是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癌症等多种疾病的信号分子,活性氧浓度的检测可以预测这些疾病.但活性氧半衰期短,活细胞释放量少,因此,快速准确地检测活性氧浓度对疾病的诊断和预防至关重要.电化学生物传感器具有操作简单、响应快、成本低、易于微型化等优点,适用于实时原位检测活性氧.它作为一种重要的活性氧检测平台而受到研究者们的密切关注.传感材料是电化学生物传感器的核心部分,决定着传感器的灵敏度、响应速度、线性范围和检出限.因此,合理设计传感材料是构建高性能活性氧电化学生物传感器的重要环节.纳米仿生酶因其独特的催化活性、选择性及稳定性,近年来被广泛用于构建活性氧电化学生物传感器.作为两种典型的纳米仿生酶,普鲁士蓝和磷酸锰受到研究者的关注.其中,普鲁士蓝因具有较高的过氧化氢催化活性和选择性,被称为"人工过氧化物酶",一般用于检测过氧化氢.磷酸锰是一种独特的锰盐,可通过歧化反应从水溶液中快速去除超氧化物,一般用于检测超氧负离子.为提高上述两种纳米仿生酶的导电性、催化活性和稳定性,研究者一般将它们与高导电性材料复合,并通过调控纳米仿生酶尺寸和增加附着量等手段制备高效复合材料.本文围绕上述两种典型的纳米仿生酶(普鲁士蓝和磷酸锰),总结了其相关电化学生物传感器在活性氧检测中的研究进展.首先介绍了两种典型纳米仿生酶及其复合材料的制备方法和物化特性,然后概括了它们分别在过氧化氢和超氧负离子电化学生物传感器中的最新进展,特别是对其物化特性和检测性能的关系进行了相关分析.此外,本文还展望了上述两种纳米仿生酶的未来发展前景,对其基础研究和实际应用所面临的挑战给出了一些建议.     

基于碳纳米材料的肾上腺素电化学传感器研究进展

肾上腺素(AD)作为一种神经递质在人体内扮演重要角色,其含量的高低直接影响人体身体健康,因此对AD进行快速检测具有重要的实际意义。其检测方法中电化学方法具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、操作简便的优点,因而构建性能优异的肾上腺素电化学传感器成为研究热点。为提高传感器的电化学性能,碳纳米材料被采纳作为修饰传感器的新型材料而广泛应用,取得了检测限低、灵敏度高并有希望应用于临床检测的巨大进步。本文从碳点、石墨烯、碳纳米颗粒等碳纳米材料出发,分析AD在电极表面的电氧化还原机制,对近年来基于碳纳米材料的肾上腺素电化学传感器制备方法及检测结果进行分类统计,并对今后的检测提出展望,以期获得更有效的肾上腺素电化学传感器。     

功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展

新冠疫情暴发对全球公共卫生构成了巨大威胁,病毒的快速、准确诊断对新冠疫情防控具有至关重要的作用。近年来,以纳米材料为基础的电化学传感技术在快速、高灵敏度/高特异性分子诊断方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文简要介绍了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的结构特征及常规检测方法,总结了电化学生物检测相关传感特点和机制。在此基础上,详细评述了金纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、碳基纳米材料等为基础的电化学传感器用于快速、准确检测新冠病毒的研究进展。最后,展望了基于电化学传感技术在未来生物分子诊断中的应用。     

用于新型冠状病毒检测的纳米材料及生物传感技术

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19)疫情大流行引起全球对此重大突发公共卫生事件的高度关注。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)经过多次突变,出现传染速度加快、免疫逃逸、隐匿性传播等特性,令防控形势至今仍异常严峻。对患者的早发现、早隔离仍然是目前最有效的防控措施。因此,迫切需要快速、高灵敏的检测手段来甄别此病毒,以便及早识别感染者。本文简要介绍了SARS-CoV-2的一般特征,并针对核酸、抗体、抗原及病原体作为检测靶标的不同检测手段及最新进展进行分类概述;对一些光学、电学、磁学以及可视化的新型纳米传感器在SARS-CoV-2检测技术上的应用进行了分析。鉴于纳米技术的应用在提高检测灵敏度、特异性以及准确率上具有优势,本文详细介绍了新型纳米传感器在SARS-CoV-2检测中的研究进展,包括表面增强拉曼基生物传感器、电化学生物传感器、磁纳米生物传感器以及比色生物传感器等,并探讨了纳米材料在新型生物传感器构建中的作用和挑战,为纳米材料研究人员开发各种类型的冠状病毒传感技术提供思路。     

纳米金修饰乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器 快速检测农药马拉松研究

以纳米金和乙酰胆碱酯酶修饰自制的纳米多孔类碳糊电极(nanoPPCPE),制备了一种新型纳米多孔乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)生物电化学传感器。并根据有机磷酯类农药对AChE的特征性抑制机理,将该传感器应用于农药马拉松的检测中。实验结果表明:加入金纳米粒子做信号放大元后,传感器的峰电流大幅度增加;马拉松检测的最佳温育时间为14 min;以制备的ACh E传感器检测马拉松农药,当马拉松的质量浓度在1.0×10~(-10)~1.0×10~(-13)g/m L范围内时,酶的抑制率与其浓度的负对数值呈现出良好的线性关系,其线性方程为I=19.43C-181.4,C=-lg(ρ/(g·m L~(-1))),线性相关系数R=0.996,最低检测限为5.0×10~(-14)g/m L。     

电化学非酶葡萄糖传感器用纳米金属传感材料研究进展

纳米金属传感材料理性设计在电化学非酶葡萄糖传感器领域具有重要的研究意义。通过调整纳米结构,协同耦合多元复合材料将有助于显著提升对葡萄糖的电化学催化响应,实现人体血糖浓度的精密检测及糖尿病的早期预防。以结构调控为切入点,综述了典型纳米金属传感材料的构建方法、结构及性能,为进一步开发新型传感材料提供思路。     

纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用进展

目的研究纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用进展。方法介绍表面等离子共振(SPR)原理和近几年来纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用研究现状,并重点综述常见的几种纳米材料(包括金纳米粒子、金纳米棒、银纳米粒子、磁纳米粒子、石墨烯和量子点)在SPR生物传感器中的应用新进展。结果 SPR生物传感器是对表面折射率变化敏感的一项分析技术,然而,传统的SPR传感器无法检测极小的折射率变化,这就阻碍了其在超灵敏检测中的应用。结论采用纳米材料提高SPR检测灵敏度和特异性是SPR技术发展的必然趋势。     

Au@BSA prepared under alkaline conditions as an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor interface

Au@BSA was prepared at pH 8, pH 9, pH 10, pH 11, pH 11.4, and pH 12 as the working electrode of the non-enzymatic glucose sensor by biological template method. The six kinds of gold-cluster film working electrodes sintered by Au@BSA show golden color, especially the golden films corresponding to pH 8 and pH 12 are obvious. The gold-cluster films at pH 8, pH 9, pH 10, and pH 11 showed mono-layer gold nanoparticles, while the gold-cluster film at pH 11.4 showed porous structure. The gold-cluster film prepared at pH 12 presents a multi-layer 3D structure composed of a large number of gold nanoparticles. The linear detection range of the non-enzymatic glucose sensor prepared at pH 8 is the widest among the six sensors, and its sensitivity is also better than the other four sensors except the sensor prepared at pH 12. The sensor with the gold-cluster film-modified working electrode prepared at pH 12 show the highest sensitivity (330.002 μA mM^?1 cm^?2), because multi-layer 3D structure can bring more electric catalytic active site for this sensor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the specific surface area of the sensor prepared at pH 12 was much larger than that of the other five sensors. We provide a pH cycling method for once shaping preparation that can be extended to other metal films or metal-oxide films electrochemical interfaces. The Au@BSA non-enzymatic glucose sensor prepared in this paper is stable and can resist the toxicity of excessive chloride ions without losing activity.

     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of sensing parameters in carbon nanotube‐based DNA sensor

Nowadays, sensitive biosensors with high selectivity, lower costs and short response time are required for detection of DNA. The most preferred materials in DNA sensor designing are nanomaterials such as carbon and Au nanoparticles, because of their very high surface area and biocompatibility which lead to performance and sensitivity improvements in DNA sensors. Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be considered as a suitable DNA sensor platform due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio, favourable electronic properties and fast electron transfer rate. Therefore, in this study, the CNTs which are synthesised by pulsed AC arc discharge method on a high‐density polyethylene substrate are used as conducting channels in a chemiresistor for the electrochemical detection of double stranded DNA. Moreover, the response of the proposed sensor is investigated experimentally and analytically in different temperatures, which confirm good agreement between the presented model and experimental data.Inspec keywords: electrochemical sensors, polymers, arcs (electric), biological techniques, nanosensors, carbon nanotubes, DNAOther keywords: C, chemiresistor, double stranded DNA detection, CNT, electronic properties, surface‐to‐volume ratio, nanoparticles, biosensors, electrochemical detection, high‐density polyethylene substrate, pulsed AC arc discharge method, electron transfer rate, carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotube‐based DNA sensor     

New polyaniline-based potentiometric biosensor for pesticides detection

A cholinesterase potentiometric sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with processible polyaniline has been developed and explored for the detection of organophosphorus and carbamic pesticides. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase from various sources were immobilized on the surface of a polyaniline modified electrode by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Polyaniline modification made it possible to obtain a reversible pH response of about 86-mV/pH unit and to improve the analytical and operational characteristics of substrate and inhibitor detection. The sensitivity of pesticide detection depends on both the source of the enzyme and its activity and on pesticide hydrophobicity. The detection limits of the pesticides investigated (Trichlorfon, 1.5/spl middot/10/sup -7/ mol/l, Coumaphos, 5/spl middot/10/sup -9/ mol/l, Methiocarb, 8/spl middot/10/sup -7/ mol/l, Aldicarb, 2/spl middot/10/sup -7/ mol/l) were found lower than those obtained with other similar cholinesterase sensors. The possibility for the detection of the trace amounts of pesticides in river waters and grape juice with cholinesterase sensors developed has been established on model samples.     

Optical and electrical nano eco-sensors using alternative deposition of charged layer

This review focuses on layer by layer (LBL) assembly-based nano ecological sensor (hereafter, eco-sensor) for pesticide detection, which is one of the most versatile methods. The effects of pesticides on human health and on the environment (air, water, soil, plants, and animals) are of great concern due to their increasing use. We highlight two of the most popular detecting methods, i.e., fluorescence and electrochemical detection of pesticides on an LBL assembly. Fluorescence materials are of great interest among researchers for their sensitivity and reliable detection, and electrochemical processes allow us to investigate synergistic interactions among film components through charge transfer mechanisms in LBL film at the molecular level. Then, we noted some prospective directions for development of different types of sensing systems.     

Mn2O3 porous microsheets prepared by a chemical precipitation method as an effective electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection

Journal of Materials Science - To conveniently construct an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor, Mn2O3 porous microsheets are utilized as electrode materials in glucose detection. Mn2O3...     

Design of the polyacrylonitrile-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for glucose detection

With the advantages of developed electronic devices, various biosensor applications have become attractive issues with excellent electrochemical performances against biomarkers and molecules in biomedical applications. In this study, novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite-based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors were prepared to investigate the detection performance of the glucose. The PAN-rGO nanocomposite-based biosensor detected glucose with a high sensitivity and stability due to enhanced redox mechanism arising from rGO additive. PAN-rGO nanocomposite-based biosensor detected glucose in (0.75–12) mM with a high sensitivity of 49 µAmM^?1 cm^?2 (2.5 times higher than PAN-based sensor). Concentration–response graphs correlating the non-enzymatic electrochemical signal to glucose concentration revealed a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 mM within 1-min voltammetric cycle. The selectivity results confirmed a significant preferential response of the proposed PAN-rGO nanocomposite-based biosensor for glucose against possible interfering compounds. The proposed PAN-rGO nanocomposite-based biosensor has a great potential to be used as a nanostructured platform for detection of glucose in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) solution with high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and fast response properties.

     

纳米材料在电化学传感器检测抗生素中的应用进展

抗生素自发现至今,由于其可以阻碍细菌的生长,被广泛应用于预防和治疗细菌的感染疾病上。但是抗生素在畜牧业、农业等方面的滥用滥排导致抗生素污染,极大地威胁水源地的安全,导致细菌耐药性增强、给环境及人类健康带来重大的危害。因此,抗生素的检测近年来得到了广泛的关注,而大多抗生素都具有电化学活性。基于此,纳米修饰电极可以使抗生素在电解质中的电化学氧化或还原反应增强,从而促进其灵敏度的提高,使电化学传感器可以检测到各类抗生素。本文详细介绍了用于检测抗生素的各种纳米材料修饰电极的电化学传感器及其性能。最后,讨论了纳米材料电化学传感器在抗生素检测中面临的挑战和发展前景。     

Potentiometric sensing of chemical warfare agents: surface imprinted polymer integrated with an indium tin oxide electrode

Rapid and specific recognition of methylphosphonic acid (MPA), the degradation product of nerve agents sarin, soman, VX, etc., was achieved with potentiometric measurements using a chemical sensor fabricated by a surface imprinting technique coupled with a nanoscale transducer, indium tin oxide (ITO). An octadecylsiloxane thin layer was covalently bound to the ITO-coated glass surface in the presence of MPA. After extraction of MPA, potentiometric measurements showed selective detection of MPA. The selectivity of the sensor has been tested on other alkylphosphonic acids, such as ethylphosphonic acid and propylphosphonic acid, as well as tert-butylphosphonic acid. The viability of the sensor in the presence of other chemical analogues, such as organophosphorus pesticides and herbicides, was investigated.