数字I/Q射频鉴相器的研制

详细介绍了一种用于直线加速器的数字化I/Q射频鉴相器.该鉴相器使用双平衡混频器作为相位探测器,由于采用了商业化的PXI模块,控制和数据获取系统都是基于PXI总线;软件采用曲线拟合算法.实验室的测试表明该系统具有分辨率高,重复性好,可靠性强等特点.     

HIRFL-CSR外靶实验读出电子学预研系统

本文介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)外靶实验读出电子学预研系统的设计。该系统可实现TOF墙探测器、中子墙探测器、多丝漂移室(MWDC)等的读出。基于前沿定时及使用TOT技术分别进行时间和电荷测量,从而对前沿定时带来的时间-幅度游走效应进行修正。该系统基于工业智能仪器总线PXI进行设计,提高了数据传输带宽,并保证了系统的可扩展性。目前已完成基本单元模块的实验室电子学测试,以及与探测器的初步联合测试,验证了各项功能指标。     

Development of the HL-2M digital pulse analysis system

A digital pulse analysis system is an important diagnostic system in nuclear physics experimental research. In response to the demand for reflecting the particle state in a nuclear physics experiment, we have designed and developed a real-time digital pulse analysis system and applied it to the digital nuclear pulse waveform discrimination of different detectors in the HL-2 M tokamak. The system is based on the peripheral component interconnect extensions for instrumentation(PXI) platform, while its software was written in LABVIEW. The key technologies involved in the system implementation include digital pulse analysis technology,digital discrimination technology, pulse height analysis technology, etc. The system has been applied to the plastic scintillator detector at the Neutron Source Lab of the University of Science and Technology of China. And the experimental results indicate that the system can discriminate between neutron(n) particles and gamma(γ) particles well when used to measure the plastic scintillator detector.     

基于APV25多通道读出电子学系统设计

介绍了基于APV25芯片的多通道读出电子学系统的设计方法,利用ASIC芯片与可扩展读出系统相结合,实现多通道信号的处理。在该系统中,基于PXI机箱的单个读出板可实现2 048路信号的读出及处理,并具有集成度高、低功耗、可扩展等优点。电子学测试结果表明,本系统电荷输入线性动态范围为0~12 fC,APV25等效输入噪声408 e,可适应大型物理实验微结构气体探测器、硅像素探测器等探测器的读出需求。     

Development of a fast electron bremsstrahlung diagnostic system based on LYSO and silicon photomultipliers during lower hybrid current drive for tokamak

A novel real time fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) diagnostic system based on the lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillators (LYSO) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) has been developed for tokamak. The diagnostic system is dedicated to study the FEB emission in the hard x-ray (HXR) energy range between 10 and 200 keV during the lower hybrid current drive. The system consists of a detection module and three data acquisition and processing (DAP) boards. The detection module consists of annulus LYSO-SiPM detector array and a 12-channel preamplifier module. The DAP boards upload the data to the host computer for displaying and storing through PXI bus. The time and space resolutions of the system are 10 ms and 4cm, respectively. The experimental results can show the evolution over time and the spatial distribution of FEB. This paper presents the system performance and typical discharge results.     

基于国产化PXI模块的松脱部件监测系统软件开发

基于国产化PXI（面向仪器系统的PCI扩展）模块,利用中国核动力研究设计院（NPIC）研制的国产化松脱部件监测系统（LPMS）进行了16通道LPMS软件的开发,本文主要介绍了软件设计要求、设计原则、设计流程,以及主界面的设计,并重点对国产化PXI控制模块接口程序的软件实现进行了详细阐述。开发的基于国产化PXI模块的LPMS软件经测试满足设计要求,并已成功应用在出口国外某核电厂的LPMS中,为保障核电厂安全经济的运行起到了积极的作用。      

Development of HL-2M data integration and acquisition system for magnetic diagnostics

Magnetic measurement and diagnostics are critical for the operation of magnetic confinement experimental facilities and plasma analysis,while differential signals are mostly detected by a detector.For this,we have developed and designed a stable and reliable data integration system for HL-2 M magnetic measurement and magnetic diagnostics.The system will be used for realtime control of HL-2 M after the construction of HL-2 M is completed.The system is built based on the PXI platform,and the software system is based on the LABVIEW platform.Key technologies realized by the system primarily include drift compensation,pulse data acquisition technology,multi-threading processing technology and transmission control communication protocol.Trials of the system were successfully carried out on HL-2 A,and the results showed that the system could fully meet the construction needs of HL-2 M.     

Study and Design a Strategy to Control High-Voltage Power Supply Based on PSM Technology on J-TEXT Tokamak

To energize the gyrotrons of the electron cyclotron resonance heating system, high-voltage power supply (HVPS) at 100 kV/60 A was built on J-TEXT tokamak. The HVPS was based on pulse step modulation (PSM) technology. This power supply has many advantages, including low energy storage and a short protective time in the event of a short circuit fault. In this study, we analyze and compare several common control strategies for PSM power supply. To enhance dynamic performance, the improved queue-up PSM control strategy was proposed. The control algorithm was generated using a controller based on parallel card interface extensions for instrumentation (PXI) technology, which conforms to the control, data access, and communication standard of the ITER. This controller also operates the modules of switch power supply. Experimental results show that the control system is effective and that the PXI controller can rebalance the output voltage and frequency in 60 μs when the module malfunctions under the improved system. Furthermore, the algorithm for the PXI controller is easy to develop and does not require much resources.     

Development and Integration of a Data Acquisition System for SST-1 Phase-1 Plasma Diagnostics

Long pulse(of the order of 1000 s or more) SST-1 tokamak experiments demand a data acquisition system that is capable of acquiring data from various diagnostics channels without losing useful data(and hence physics information) while avoiding unnecessary generation of a large volume data.SST-1 Phase-1 tokamak operation has been envisaged with data acquisition of several essential diagnostics channels.These channels demand data acquisition at a sampling rate ranging from 1 kilo samples per second(KSPS) to 1 mega samples per second(MSPS).Considering the technical characteristics and requirements of the diagnostics,a data acquisition system based on PXI and CAMAC has been developed for SST-1 plasma diagnostics.Both these data acquisition systems are scalable.Present data acquisition needs involving slow plasma diagnostics are catered by the PXI based data acquisition system.On the other hand,CAMAC data acquisition hardware meets all requirements of the SST-1 Phase-1 fast plasma diagnostics channels.A graphical user interface for both data acquisition systems(PXI and CAMAC) has been developed using LabVIEW application development software.The collected data on the local hard disk are directly streaming to the central server through a dedicated network for post-shot data analysis.This paper describes the development and integration of the data acquisition system for SST-1 Phase-1 plasma diagnostics.The integrated testing of the developed data acquisition system has been performed using SST-1 central control and diagnostics signal conditioning units.In the absence of plasma shots,the integrated testing of the data acquisition system for the initial diagnostics of SST-1 Phase-1 operation has been performed with simulated physical signals.The primary engineering objective of this integrated testing is to validate the performance of the developed data acquisition system under simulated conditions close to that of actual tokamak operation.The data acquisition is synchronized with a clock and trigger provided by the central timing system.     

EAST中央控制系统的改造

EAST中央控制系统是EAST实验调度管理的中枢，协调控制各分系统按照预设参数和控制逻辑投入试验，完成EAST装置的各种运行项目。利用PXI总线设备并结合虚拟仪器技术实现的新EAST中央控制系统可很好地完成对各分系统的参数设置和控制，同时升级改造后的网络环境也为实验的稳定运行提供了保障。改造后的EAST中央控制系统已应用于2012年春季EAST放电实验中，运行稳定可靠，取得了良好的控制效果。     

片上系统在复杂控制系统设计中的应用

提出了基于PXI(PCI Extensions for Instrumentation)总线神光-III原型激光装置物理诊断控制系统的一个解决方案,重点论述了通过嵌入式片上系统(system-on-chip,SoC)实现高实时性控制子系统,从而建立起可扩展的复杂控制系统。而自行设计的SoC平台又可以根据不同的应用需求灵活扩展控制功能,满足不同时间粒度的实时性要求,提高了控制系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

The DGF Pixie-4 spectrometer - compact digital readout electronics for HPGe clover detectors

Large volume HPGe detectors are commonly used in applications that require good energy resolution and high detection efficiency, but are expensive and difficult to grow. Clover detectors consisting of four smaller crystals in a common cryostat are a possible alternative, but traditionally require complex readout electronics. In contrast, the DGF Pixie-4 is a compact, digital spectrometer providing on a single 3U CompactPCI/PXI card all the electronics required for clover detectors, including computation of addback spectra. This paper describes the DGF Pixie-4 system architecture, characterizes its energy resolution and throughput, and presents results of test measurements with a clover detector.     

A distributed timing and synchronization system for EAST

The distributed timing and synchronization system (DTSS) plays an important role in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which is one of the national key fusion research facilities in China. This system synchronizes each subsystem of EAST by using reference clock and trigger. A prototype DTSS module has been developed based on PXI bus and RIO (reconfigurable I/O) devices. The DTSS can provide reference clock in frequency up to 80 MHz. The trigger can be pre-defined from 1 ms to 6872 s with 10 ns accuracy. In addition, this system can acquire, process signals, and send output or command to other systems. The DTSS has been successfully applied to 2010 fall EAST experiment, and the results confirmed its accuracy and reliability. After the analysis of system requirement, the architecture of the DTSS and the technical implementation based on PXI are presented in this paper.     

EAST分布式定时同步系统的实现

分布式定时同步系统在国家大科学工程EAST中有重要作用,它用于同步EAST各子系统精准投入实验的时序。分布式定时同步系统利用PXI工业级设备并结合虚拟仪器技术实现定时同步系统,可提供1 Hz～80 MHz频率的参考时钟信号,产生1 ms～6 872 s延迟触发信号（精度达10 ns）。该系统能采集信号,并能根据检测的信号实时触发相应处理机制。分布式定时同步系统精度高且运行稳定可靠,已成功应用于2010年秋季EAST放电实验。     

Monte Carlo method for determining the response of portable gamma detector for in situ measurement of terrestrial gamma ray field

A Monte Carlo method to study the response of portable detector to terrestrial gamma ray is proposed. This method is based on two-stage Monte Carlo simulation.First, the probability distributions of the phase space coordinates of the events that are most likely to be detected are reconstructed at the phase space shell level. The phase space shell is a closed surface enclosing the detector. The detector response to events originating from the phase space shell is then studied. The full absorption spectra as well as the partial absorption spectra are obtained for natural radionuclides uniformly distributed in the ground. For validation, this method is applied to a Hp Ge portable detector previously studied. The previous study is based on a semiempirical model. Good agreement is achieved when we compare the full-energy peak efficiencies and the total in situ spectra obtained by the two methods. As an application, the effective depth of the activity of the~(137) Cs artificial radionuclide in the soil is determined from the low-energy part of the total in situ spectrum.     

Design of Digital Multi-Radian Phase Detector on J-TEXT

A real time system used to detect phase difference between two sinusoidal signals is proposed in this paper. The system is designed to process the phase signal of the far-infrared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) interferometer on J-TEXT. It is based on zero-crossing detection and makes use of the digital circuit. Compared with a traditional zero-crossing phase detector, it doesn’t need to sacrifice the time resolution to expand the phase range. The phase difference is divided into two parts, the integer part and the fraction part. In each detecting cycle, they are detected separately. It outputs digital signals that are more stable for transmission. A prototype was built on J-TEXT using discrete components. A practical method is proposed to deal with the counting error caused by the deviation of electronic components in manufacture. Reasonable results were obtained on the prototype. The phase resolution reaches 2π/64 in test, and can still be improved by raising the clock frequency.     

Water Flow Calorimetry System of EAST Neutral Beam Injector

Neutral beam injection (NBI) is recognized as one of the most effective means of plasma heating. The EAST NBI water flow calorimetry system (WFCS) based on PCI extensions for instrumentation (PXI) was established, it can measure temperature rise and flow rate of cooling water of the heat load components, and achieve beam power distribution and neutralization efficiency. Experimental data obtained from WFCS are feedback of the ion source operation state and direct the operation parameter optimization of the ion source. Experimental results show that the WFCS is stable, reliable, and meet the experimental requirements fully.     

Development of a data acquisition and control system for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor neutron flux monitor

To satisfy high-precision, wide-range, and real-time neutron flux measurement requirements by the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER), a data acquisition and control system based on fission chamber detectors and fast controller technology, has been developed for neutron flux monitor in ITER Equatorial Port #7. The signal processing units which are based on a field programmable gate array and the PXI Express platform are designed to realize the neutron flux measurement with 1 ms time resolution and a fast response less than 0.2 ms,together with real-time timestamps provided by a timing board. The application of the widerange algorithm allows the system to measure up to 10~(10) cps with a relative error of less than 5%.Furthermore, the system is managed and controlled by a software based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System, compliant with COntrol, Data Access and Communication architecture.     

数字化多通道宽量程ITER中子通量密度测量系统研制

针对国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)对中子通量密度测量宽量程、高集成度、实时性的要求,设计了一套基于PXI架构的多通道中子通量密度测量系统。该系统包括新研制的电流灵敏前置放大器及基于高速模数转换器(ADC)和可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)的主电子学插件。通过全数字化信号处理技术衔接脉冲计数和坎贝尔两种测量模式,大幅拓展了测量量程和提高了系统集成度。该系统通过使用脉冲堆积率估算算法,实现了测量模式的精确自动切换。实验结果表明,该系统具备单一裂变室大于1.7×10~(10)cm~(-2)·s~(-1)中子通量密度实时测量能力,全量程相对误差低于7.1%。     

X射线光栅相衬成像中保留源光栅的探测器校正方法

本文提出了一种X射线光栅相衬成像探测器校正方法,该方法无需移除靠近光源的源光栅,而是将其与光源作为一个整体参与增益校正。在基于几何投影的光栅相衬成像系统上,开展了利用传统的探测器校正与本文提出的探测器校正方法的对比实验,两种方法获得了一致的结果。实验结果表明,本文方法大幅简化了实验操作流程,提高了系统的稳定性,对于实现X射线相衬成像的临床应用有一定的推进意义。