具有边界流量时浅水孤立波的生成

本文利用三次样条方法数值求解了Boussionesq方程,计算了在具有边界流量时所产生的种种浅水波。数值结果表明了在一定的边界流量条件下,浅水中孤立波解的存在,部分地显示了孤立波的数目、幅值以及其后尾波与边界流量之间的关系,为水槽实验中孤立波的产生提供了可以借鉴的依据。     

有限深两层流体中内孤立波传播演化理论模型研究

该文对Choi和Camassa给出的一个内孤立波方程模型中的系数进行了修正,并给出了基于方程的内孤立波定态解表达式,将其称为内孤立波me Kd V理论解,进而采用有限体积/有限差分混合方法数值求解内孤立波的三类(Kd V、e Kd V和me Kd V型)非线性传播演化方程,分别以内孤立波的Kd V、e Kd V、MCC和me Kd V定态解作为初始输入波,研究其非线性传播演化特性,并获得其适用性条件。结果表明,三类非线性传播演化方程,只适合于相应内孤立波定态解初始波的定态传播,而对其他定态解初始波将发生波形变形、分裂等非线性现象。在此基础上,定量地给出了三类非线性传播演化方程的适用性条件,为采用何种非线性方程来研究实际海洋中内孤立波的传播演化问题提供了理论依据。     

含源项非定常对流扩散方程的高精度紧致隐式差分方法

提出了数值求解含源项非定常对流扩散方程的一种高精度紧致隐式差分方法,其空间为四阶精度,时间为二阶精度。由于每一时间层上只用到了三个网格点,所以差分方程为三对角型的,可采用追赶法进行求解。数值实验结果验证了本文方法的精确性和可靠性。     

含源项非定常非线性对流扩散方程的三次样条四阶差分格式

本文提出一种新的求解含源项,非定常、非线性对流扩散方程的数值方法。首先,将方程在网格域内线性化,再利用变换将对流扩散方程转化为扩散方程,结合具有四阶精度的三次样条公式,最终将方程离散为二层三节点的无条件稳定差分格式,其推导过程简便,精度为时间二阶,空间四阶。     

含源项非定常非线性对流扩散方程的三次样条四阶差…

本文提出了一种新的求解含源项，非定常、非线性对流扩散方程的数值方法，首先，将方程在网格域内线性化，再利用变换将对流扩散方程转化为扩散方程，结合具有四阶精度的三次样条公式，最终将方程将散为二层三节点的无条件稳定差分格式，其推导过程简便，精度为时间二阶，空间四阶。     

二维浅水方程的高阶松弛格式求解

利用松弛方法,将二维浅水方程转化为松弛方程组,并用逐维五阶WENO重构和显隐式Runge-Kutta方法对松弛方程组的空间和时间方向进行离散,建立了求解二维浅水方程的五阶松弛格式。WENO重构方法的引入既提高了格式的精度,又可保证格式是无振荡的。应用该格式对圆柱溃坝等问题进行了数值模拟,计算结果与用其它方法所得结果吻合,表明了方法的有效性。     

块修正技术原理及其在水流计算中的应用

在求解水流运动方程时,不管使用何种数值方法对方程进行离散,最终都会归结于求解线性方程组.对于网格点比较密,方程组的未知量非常多的情况,通过在TDMA姒法中引入块修正技术,可以大大缩短方程组迭代求解收敛的时间.介绍了块修正技术的原理,并通过对丁坝绕流现象的数值计算,分别比较了有块修正和无块修正时达到相同收敛精度时所需时间,发现引入块修正技术可以大大加快方程组的收敛.     

非定常不可压 N-S 方程的一种有效预处理数值方法

本文发展了一非定常不可压流的有效预处理求解方法。应用预处理技术，对不可压N－S方程使用双时间推进法求解。当沿物理时间层推进时，连续性方程和动量方程沿伪时间方向迭代求解。在沿伪时间方向迭代时，设计了一简化的有效标量隐式线（Gauss－Sidel）迭代算法。对流项采用三阶迎几差分法离散，同时对数值通量项进行了预处理。数值分析了预处理对数值解精度和收敛性的影响。对振荡平板的非定常流动及不同Re数下定常、非定常驱动方腔流动的数值模拟结果表明，本文发展的非定常不可压流的预处理求解方法，不但提高了计算效率，而且减小了人工粘性，改善了数值解的精度。     

三孤立波的斜坡爬高特征

该文采用推板式造波机和改进的Goring造波方法在波浪水槽中生成了由三个等波高孤立波组成的波列,首先在坡度为1/10的斜坡上进行了多个孤立波连续爬高的实验研究。实验测量了等波高双孤立波和三孤立波在等水深波浪水槽中传播和在斜坡上的爬高过程,给出了沿程多点浪高仪测量的波面时间序列和高速摄像记录的水线在斜坡上爬高与回落过程影像。分析了来波相对波高和无量纲波峰间距对每个孤立波爬高放大系数的影响。在基于RANS方程和VOF方法的数值波浪水槽中,模拟了三孤立波爬高过程,给出了最大爬高与破碎特征。实验和数值模拟结果表明,孤立波在斜坡上回落时会产生强劲的回流水流,该反向流动导致后随孤立波破碎,消耗波动能量,使得后随孤立波的爬高放大系数明显小于没有回落水流影响的首个孤立波的爬高放大系数。当孤立的波峰间较大时,若来波相对波高较小,后两个的孤立波爬高基本相同;若来波相对波高较大时,第三个孤立波的爬高大于第二个孤立波的爬高。     

数值模拟波浪翻越直立方柱

本文应用ＶＯＦ方法研究了孤立波翻越直立方柱流动的全过程。用人工压缩法和差分法求解二维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，用施主－受主法求解流体体积函数控制方程。通过数值计算得到了孤立波翻越直立方柱的流场和压力值，并成功地模拟出波浪涌顶，水柱喷射，冲击和界面破碎的过程。     

粗糙床面振荡紊流边界层运动的三维格子玻尔兹曼模拟

该文采用格子玻尔兹曼(LB)方法建立了紧密排列颗粒粗糙床面振荡紊流边界层模拟的三维数学模型。收集粗糙床面波浪水槽实验结果,对水槽实验条件下的振荡流边界层进行模拟,模拟得到的平均流速、紊动特性、等效粗糙高度、摩阻系数和边界层厚度等与实验结果进行了全面对比,并对三维涡旋结构进行了分析。结果表明,所建立的LB数学模型可以合理模拟粗糙床面振荡流边界层流动,能够反映三维涡旋特性,可进一步应用于粗糙床面振荡流紊动特性以及床面粗糙参数的研究。     

振荡层流边界层运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

将波浪作用下的振荡边界层问题化为振动平板边界层问题,利用格子Boltzmann方法中不可压缩的模型模拟了线性波和椭圆余弦波作用下的层流边界层流速变化,并和理论解进行了比较。算例表明,不同波浪条件下的数值模拟结果和理论解吻合较好,仅在流速较小的相位时两者在近床面处有较大误差,误差的形成主要与边界条件的精度有关。     

EFFECT OF ESCAPE DEVICE FOR SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL （SFT） ON HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS APPLIED TO SFT

This paper presents a potential approach to settle the problem of surviving major safety accidents in Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) that detachable emergency escape devices are set up outside SFT. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology is used to investigate the effect of emergency escape devices on the hydrodynamic load acting on SFT in uniform and oscillatory flows and water waves by numerical test. The governing equations, i.e., the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and standard turbulence equations, are solved by the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Analytic solutions for the Airy wave are applied to set boundary conditions to generate water wave. The VOF method is used to trace the free surface. In uniform flow, hydrodynamic loads, applied to SFT with emergency escape device, reduce obviously. But, in oscillatory flow, it has little influence on hydrodynamic loads acting on SFT. Horizontal and vertical wave loads of SFT magnify to some extend due to emergency escape devices so that the influence of emergency escape devices on hydrodynamic loads of SFT should be taken into consideration when designed.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

河道断面测量中GPS-RTK与测深仪的联机应用

对2009年汛后黄河河口清+3—清+6断面GPS-RTK联机测量河道断面数据的情况进行了分析,结果表明:单次测量的平均误差为-0.034～0.013 m,单测次的中误差为0.041～0.068 m;在124个测点中,误差小于0.05 m的测量数据占全部数据的62.90%,误差小于0.10 m的占91.90%,误差大于0.10 m的比例约为8%;水温、声速、波浪等误差是测深误差的主要来源。     

Some notes on numerical simulation and error analyses of the attached turbulent cavitating flow by LES

In this letter, the attached turbulent cavitating flow around the Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated by the numerical simulation with special emphasis on error analysis of large eddy simulation(LES) for the unsteady cavitation simulation. The numerical results indicate that the present simulation can capture the periodic cavity shedding behavior and show a fairly good agreement with the available experimental data. Further analysis demonstrates that the cavitation has a great influence on LES numerical error and modeling error. The modeling error and numerical error are almost on the same order of magnitude, while the modeling error often shows a little bit larger magnitude than numerical error. The numerical error and modeling error sometimes can partially offset each other if they have the opposite sign. Besides, our results show that cavitation can extend the magnitudes and oscillation levels of numerical error and modeling error.     

Numerical Analysis of Surface Runoff for the Liudaogou Drainage Basin in the North Loess Plateau,China

The aim of this study is to realize a distribution hydrological model to calculate the rainfall-runoff process precisely for the development of the ravine in the north Loess Plateau. On the basis of the real investigation result to the vertical profile of soil in the Liudaogou drainage basin, which is located in the ravine of wind-water erosion crisscross region in the northern Loess Plateau, a vertical profile model for soil in the study area was set up, and a distribution-type hydrological model was developed by combining GIS with kinematic wave theory. This model was subsequently applied in the experimental drainage basin. The numerical simulation results show that the calculation of the rainfall-runoff process has relatively high precision (error less than 3 %). The model was used to calculate the rainfall-runoff process for 5 years (2005–2009) in the experimental drainage basin to deduce the yearly surface runoff volume and the annual runoff coefficient. The calculated average runoff coefficient for 2005–2009 is 0.11, and the average 5 year precipitation (437 mm) is almost equal to the yearly average precipitation, indicating that the annual runoff coefficient of the experimental drainage basin is approximately 0.10 to 0.15. The study provides a practical numerical method for estimating surface water resources for the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau.     

聚焦波浪与直立圆柱作用的数值模拟

基于Fluent平台建立了可用于波浪传播模拟的数值计算水槽,利用不同波浪参数的线性规则波模拟分析了网格尺度L/Δx对产生波浪质量的影响,确定数值水槽的网格划分尺度,并验证了阻尼消波的有效性。在此基础上,用模拟频谱的方法对聚焦波浪的传播进行了数值模拟,通过数值模拟与物理试验不同位置处的聚焦波波面和聚焦点下水质点速度时间过程线对比,验证了模拟频谱方法数值计算的有效性。进一步对聚焦波浪与直立圆柱的作用进行了数值模拟,数值模拟聚焦波面过程、聚焦波浪水质点速度、圆柱周围波浪波动过程、圆柱上所受的波压力等,并与试验结果进行了对比,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合很好,验证了所建立的数值水槽的有效性。对聚焦波波面和压力特征值进行了误差分析,并分析了误差的产生原因,为进一步研究聚焦波浪与工程结构物的作用奠定基础。     

库区滑坡涌浪三维数值模拟分析

针对某水库库区的3#变形体滑坡涌浪问题,采用三维数值模拟方法分析库区滑坡涌浪传播过程,研究网格尺寸对数值分析计算精度的影响,同时建立1∶280的水工物理模型进行验证,并与潘家铮法计算的涌浪高度进行对比。结果表明:数值分析计算精度与模拟网格尺寸、涌浪剧烈程度及涌浪传播距离有关;三维数值分析和物理模型试验得到的涌浪高度变化曲线的趋势基本一致,涌浪传播至坝前时,各种方法得到的坝前涌浪高度误差较小,数值分析结果可作为大坝安全影响的评价依据。3#变形体形成的涌浪在第4次波峰（t=151 s）时超过坝顶超高约8.37 m,仅占最大坝高的3.3%,且过流量有限,不会对大坝安全构成威胁。     

A NEW NUMERICAL WAVE FLUME COMBINING THE 0-1 TYPE BEM AND THE VOF METHOD

A new coupling numerical wave model, based on both the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method, is established by taking advantages of the both methods to solve the wave-structure interaction problems. In this model, the wave transformation in front of structures is calculated by the 0-1 type BEM, and the intense wave motions near the structures are calculated by the VOF method. In this paper, the characteristics of the BEM and the VOF method are discussed first, and then the coupling treatments are described in detail. In the end, the accuracy and the validity of the coupling model are examined by comparing the numerical results with experiment results and other numerical results available for the interactions between regular waves with a monolayer horizontal plate.