基于GIS的开采沉陷土地资源损害评价系统研究

将开采沉陷土地资源损害评价理论与GIS技术相结合,着重分析了GIS支持下的土地资源损害评价数据需求和功能需求,建立了基于GIS技术的开采沉陷土地资源损害评价模型和评价标准体系,开发了“开采沉陷土地资源损害可视化评价系统”.结合鲍店煤矿十采区的实例,实现了开采沉陷区土地资源损害科学、高效、客观的可视化评价.     

Application of remote-sensing-image fusion to the monitoring of mining induced subsidence

We discuss remote-sensing-image fusion based on a multi-band wavelet and RGB feature fusion method. The fused data can be used to monitor the dynamic evolution of mining induced subsidence. High resolution panchromatic image data and multi-spectral image data were first decomposed with a multi-ary wavelet method. Then the high frequency components of the high resolution image were fused with the features from the R, G, B bands of the multi-spectral image to form a new high frequency component. Then the newly formed high frequency component and the low frequency component were inversely transformed using a multi-ary wavelet method. Finally, color images were formed from the newly formed R, G, B bands. In our experiment we used images with a resolution of 10 m (SPOT), and TM30 images, of the Huainan mining area. These images were fused with a trinary wavelet method. In addition, we used four indexes-entropy, average gradient, wavelet energy and spectral distortion-to assess the new method. The result indicates that this new method can improve the clarity and resolution of the images and also preserves the information from the original images. Using the fused images for monitoring mining induced subsidence achieves a good effect.     

时序分析在开采沉陷动态参数预计中的应用

应用时间序列分析法,对开采沉陷动态过程的概率积分法预计参数进行分析,建立动态预计模型。用该模型可对参数的未来值进行预计,然后利用预计结果进一步预计地表的移动变形,解决了开采沉陷的动态预计问题。应用此法,地表下沉的相对预计误差一般为４％左右,与传统方法相比,预计精度可提高５％～１５％。     

Application of DIn SAR for short period monitoring of initial subsidence due to longwall mining in the mountain west United States

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(DIn SAR), a satellite-based remote sensing technique, has application for monitoring subsidence with high resolution over short periods. DIn SAR uses radar images to measure centimeter-level surface displacements. In the images, ground resolution can be relatively high, with each data point(pixel) representing the average displacement over an area of several square meters. The image data are acquired regularly which allows subsidence to be monitored sequentially over short periods; imaging periods typically range from weeks to months. Monitoring subsidence over short periods with high spatial resolution has potential to provide insight into the dynamics of subsidence and into relationships between mine advance and subsidence. In this study, for three longwall mines in the western United States, initial subsidence occurring at the start of longwall advance is quantified over short periods(12–72 days). C-band interferometric wide swath Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images from the Sentinel satellites are used to quantify the subsidence. Overall, the data show initial development of subsidence, expansion of the subsidence trough, and the advance of subsidence in the direction of mining.     

基于支持向量机的矿区土地覆盖变化检测

利用支持向量机(SVM)对两类问题良好的分离性能,将其应用于矿区土地覆盖变化检测,实现了基于SVM的变化检测算法.该算法计算了多时相遥感数据的差值影像,利用SVM将全部像素分类标记为变化和不变化两个类别,在不变区域中选择训练样本,对变化区域进行分类,获得前后时相地物类别信息,构建变化转移矩阵,描述详细变化信息.应用多时相先进对地观测卫星(ALOS)遥感数据对矿区土地覆盖变化进行试验,并与变化矢量分析、差值阈值法进行对比,结果表明:基于SVM的变化检测方法具有更好的检测效果,能够提供全面的变化类别和方向信息,可以有效应用于矿区土地覆盖动态监测.     

Case study on the extraction of land cover information from the SAR image of a coal mining area

In this study, analyses are conducted on the information features of a construction site, a cornfield and subsidence seeper land in a coal mining area with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of medium resolution. Based on features of land cover of the coal mining area, on texture feature extraction and a selection method of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of the SAR image, we propose in this study that the optimum window size for computing the GLCM is an appropriate sized window that can effectively distinguish different types of land cover. Next, a band combination was carried out over the text feature images and the band-filtered SAR image to secure a new multi-band image. After the transformation of the new image with principal component analysis, a classification is conducted selectively on three principal component bands with the most information. Finally, through training and experimenting with the samples, a better three-layered BP neural network was established to classify the SAR image. The results show that, assisted by texture information, the neural network classification improved the accuracy of SAR image clas-sification by 14.6%, compared with a classification by maximum likelihood estimation without texture information.     

煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性与承载力研究现状分析

煤矿塌陷区在我国分布较广泛,为了保证国家建设的需要和节约耕地,就必须对塌陷区土地进行科学开发和利用,使其恢复为建设用地.在综合分析大量文献的基础上,从老采空区的活化机理、地表沉陷与变形规律等方面,分析了煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力的研究现状.分析研究表明,提高塌陷区土地利用率的关键是需要准确分析和计算出地基的承载力.煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力研究,对于提高土地的利用率、保护耕地,促进我国经济和社会的协调和可持续发展等,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

采动区地基、独立基础与框架结构共同作用的力学模型

根据采动区地表变形的规律和独立基础框架结构受力和变形特点，采用合理的地基模型、基础与上部结构共同作用模型和开采沉陷模型，综合应用结构力学、矿山开采沉陷学、土力学、材料力学等相关理论，建立了采动区地基-独立基础-框架结构共同作用的理论计算模型，该计算模型综合考虑了开采盆地形成过程中地表变形对建筑物的动态影响，从理论上揭示了建筑物位于下沉盆地不同位置时，地表变形与建筑物附加变形和附加内力的关系，并推导出计算采动区建筑物附加变形和附加内力的计算公式，通过计算实例进行了验证，为采动区上方框架结构建筑物的保护、加固和设计提供了理论计算依据．     

煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径

开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接根源，有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是减轻或避免开采沉陷环境灾害的根本之路，针对这一问题，分析了充填开采、条带开采和覆岩离层注浆岩层控制技术的优缺点，根据荷载置换原理，提出了“条带开采一注浆充填固结采空区—剩余条带开采”的三步法(二次条带式)开采沉陷控制的新思路，进行了三步法开采沉陷控制的可行性研究，初步分析表明，采用三步法开采可以实现对岩层移动和地表沉陷的有效控制，地表下沉系数可控制在0．25左右，煤炭采出率可达到80％～90％，可基本实现地面建筑物不搬迁和大幅度减轻土地塌陷灾害。     

Mining multilevel spatial association rules with cloud models

The traditional generalization-based knowledge discovery method is introduced. A new kind of muhilevel spatial association of the rules mining method based on the cloud model is presented. The cloud model integrates the vague and random use of linguistic terms in a unified way. With these models, spatial and nonspatial attribute values are well generalized at multiple levels, allowing discovery of strong spatial association rules.Combining the cloud model based method with Apriori algorithms for mining association rules from a spatial database shows benefits in being effective and flexible.     

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes)is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed.These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.     

Subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining for ultra-thick steep seams

Ultra-thick steep coal seam mining will inevitably lead to the increase of greater and violent ground subsidence and deformation. A subsidence control method by inversely-inclined slicing and upward mining is proposed in this paper. By this method, the sequence of collapse of overlying strata and the direction of propagation of strata movement are changed, the extent of roof-side deformation thereby is lessened, and boundary angle of roof-side subsidence is reduced by 5°–10°. The mechanism of this mining method for control of strata movement has been evidenced by numerical simulation and experiments with similarity materials. A subsidence prediction model based on the variation of mining influence propagation angle can be used to evaluate the surface movement and deformation of the mining method. The application of the method in No.3 Mine in Yaojie mining area has yielded the expected result.     

SVM model for estimating the parameters of the probability-integral method of predicting mining subsidence

A new mathematical model to estimate the parameters of the probability-integral method for mining subsidence prediction is proposed. Based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) theory, it is capable of improving the precision and reliability of mining subsidence prediction. Many of the geological and mining factors involved are related in a nonlinear way. The new model is based on statistical theory (SLT) and empirical risk minimization (ERM) principles. Typical data collected from observation stations were used for the learning and training samples. The calculated results from the LS-SVM model were compared with the prediction results of a back propagation neural network (BPNN) model. The results show that the parameters were more precisely predicted by the LS-SVM model than by the BPNN model. The LS-SVM model was faster in computation and had better generalized performance. It provides a highly effective method for calculating the predicting parameters of the probability-integral method.     

一种基于混合模型的时间序列数据挖掘系统

时间序列数据挖掘是在从数据仓库中提取出有效历史数据的基础上，对其进行一定的处理，从而发现隐含、未知的有效信息．本阐述了一种新的基于灰色—回归—模糊神经网络混合模型的时间序列数据挖掘系统，重点讨论了灰色—回归—模糊神经网络混合模型的建立过程，并应用于浙江省可持续发展预测，取得了满意的结果．该混合模型融合多种智能计算方法优点于一体，为时序数据挖掘提供了一种新的实用方法．     

ALOS影像提升小波融合的土地覆被分类研究

根据提升小波变换原理,结合小波变换和色调、强度、饱和度变换(IHS变换)融合方法的优点,提出了提升小波变换影像融合模型,用于提高遥感影像土地利用/土地覆被基础信息解译精度.采用对比分析方法,以长江口北岸的日本先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS)影像融合为例,综合影像主客观综合评价和影像分类Kappa系数值,将提升小波融合方法与传统融合方法进行对比分析研究.结果表明:提升小波融合模型优于传统融合方法,该模型在提高影像空间分辨率的同时,能更好地保持影像光谱信息,从而有效地提高了遥感影像解译土地利用/土地覆被基础信息的精度.     

张集矿区GIS数据库的RS更新

对比张集矿井2000年和2007年CBERS图像,计算归一化植被指数NDVI并结合目视判读和计算机非监督分类方法,提取矿区开采塌陷和新建工业广场、公路、铁路等空间要素信息。在ArcGIS9.0平台下从原始数据库中提取各种土地利用类型要素,分别与矿区开采塌陷要素进行叠加分析,得出开采塌陷影响各种类型土地范围和准确影响面积结果,并结合遥感图像,对原数据库内矢量要素进行匹配调整,完成对张集矿区GIS数据库的更新。     

An influence function method based subsidence prediction program for longwall mining operations in inclined coal seams

The distribution of the final surface subsidence basin induced by longwall operations in inclined coal seam could be significantly different from that in flat coal seam and demands special prediction methods. Though many empirical prediction methods have been developed, these methods are inflexible for varying geological and mining conditions. An influence function method has been developed to take the advantage of its fundamentally sound nature and flexibility. In developing this method, significant modifications have been made to the original Knothe function to produce an asymmetrical influence function. The empirical equations for final subsidence parameters derived from US subsidence data and Chinese empirical values have been incorporated into the mathematical models to improve the prediction accuracy. A corresponding computer program is developed. A number of subsidence cases for longwall mining operations in coal seams with varying inclination angles have been used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed subsidence prediction model.     

矿山地表塌陷区的数字近景摄影测量监测技术

运用高分辨率数字摄影机，获取采矿地表塌陷区的数字影像像对，利用在现场布设的像控点建立DLT算法模型，计算出描述塌陷区形态的一系列特征点的三维坐标，在地理信息系统(GIS)的支持下，构建矿区地表原始地形DTM(数字地面模型)和塌陷区现状DTM，将两个DTM进行复合分析、计算出塌陷区的具体形态特征参数如形状、深度、体积等，结果表明这一技术是快速可靠的。     

采动区钢框架结构柱脚的内力变化规律

以煤矿采动区采动过程地表的动态变形规律为基础,采用有限元软件模拟了地表钢框架结构柱脚在整个地表动态变形过程中的内力变化规律.分析了柱脚内力与地表变形之间的关系及其柱脚最大内力值对应的地表位置,并将地表变形引起的框架结构柱脚附加内力和初始内力值进行对比,结果表明抗采动钢框架结构柱脚设计应当考虑附加内力的影响.     

短期电力负荷预测模型的建立

本文分析了传统的电力负荷预测系统构架模式,从数据挖掘和决策支持的角度,提出基于数据挖掘技术的新型的短期电力负荷预测系统构架模式。