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1.
Textile electronics addresses fibers or fiber assemblies with electronic functions to generate, transmit, modulate, and detect electrons. Interactive textile electronic devices may provide suitable platforms for virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR) applications because of their excellent performance and unique immersive features such as lightweight, handiness, flexibility, comfort, and low strain even under high deformations. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the state-of-the-art of interactive devices, fabrication technologies, system integration, promising applications, and challenges involved in textile-based VR/AR systems. 相似文献
2.
Hojoong Kim Young-Tae Kwon Hyo-Ryoung Lim Jong-Hoon Kim Yun-Soung Kim Woon-Hong Yeo 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(39):2005692
The advancement in virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) has been achieved by breakthroughs in the realistic perception of virtual elements. Although VR/AR technology is advancing fast, enhanced sensor functions, long-term wearability, and seamless integration with other electronic components are still required for more natural interactions with the virtual world. Here, this report reviews the recent advances in multifunctional wearable sensors and integrated functional devices for VR/AR applications. Specified device designs, packaging strategies, and interactive physiological sensors are summarized based on their methodological approaches for sensory inputs and virtual feedback. In addition, limitations of the existing systems, key challenges, and future directions are discussed. It is envisioned that this progress report's outcomes will expand the insights on wearable functional sensors and device interfaces toward next-generation VR/AR technologies. 相似文献
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Haptic technology involves the use of electrical or mechanical means to stimulate afferent nerves or mechanoreceptors in the skin as the basis for creating sensations of physical touch that can qualitatively expand virtual or augmented reality experiences beyond those supported by visual and auditory cues alone. An emerging direction in this field involves the development of platforms that provide spatiotemporal patterns of sensation to the skin across not only the fingertips, but to any and all regions of the body, using thin, skin-like technologies that impose negligible physical burden on the user. This review highlights the biological basis for skin interfaces of this type and the latest advances in haptics in the context of this ambitious goal, including electrotactile and vibrotactile devices that support perceptions of touch in form factors that have potential as skin-integrated interfaces. The content includes a discussion of schemes for integrating these stimulators into programmable arrays, with an emphasis on scalable materials and designs that have the potential to support soft interfaces across large areas of the skin. A concluding section summarizes the potential consequences of successful research efforts in this area, along with key multidisciplinary challenges and associated research opportunities in materials science and engineering. 相似文献
4.
增强现实技术已由研究阶段进入实际应用并推出产品.通过对近20年该领域世界范围内的专利数据的统计,分别从技术发展趋势、技术目标国、技术产出国、应用领域、实现介质等多方面进行专利分析,证明该技术已进入应用与工业化快速发展阶段,发展势头超过虚拟现实技术,但其在中国的发展仍明显落后于传统发达国家和韩国. 相似文献
5.
Jessica Yin Ronan Hinchet Herbert Shea Carmel Majidi 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(39):2007428
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems have garnered recent widespread attention due to increased accessibility, functionality, and affordability. These systems sense user inputs and typically provide haptic, audio, and visual feedback to blend interactive virtual environments with the real world for an enhanced or simulated reality experience. With applications ranging from immersive entertainment, to teleoperation, to physical therapy, further development of this technology has the potential for impact across multiple disciplines. However, VR/AR devices still face critical challenges that hinder integration into everyday life and additional applications; namely, the rigid and cumbersome form factor of current technology that is incompatible with the dynamic movements and pliable limbs of the human body. Recent advancements in the field of soft materials are uniquely suited to provide solutions to this challenge. Devices fabricated from flexible and elastic bio-compatible materials have significantly greater compatibility with the human body and could lead to a more natural VR/AR experience. This review reports state-of-the-art experimental studies in soft materials for wearable sensing and haptic feedback in VR/AR applications, explores emerging soft technologies for on-body devices, and identifies current challenges and future opportunities toward seamless integration of the virtual and physical world. 相似文献
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增强现实(AR)是一种新兴的体验形式,通过与特定位置或活动相关联的计算机生成的内容来增强现实世界。文章通过分析AR技术的原理、技术特点和实现方式,并结合实际案例总结出AR技术运用在教育领域中的应用方向和特征优势,为AR技术在教育中的设计应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
7.
Since the modern concepts for virtual and augmented reality are first introduced in the 1960's, the field has strived to develop technologies for immersive user experience in a fully or partially virtual environment. Despite the great progress in visual and auditory technologies, haptics has seen much slower technological advances. The challenge is because skin has densely packed mechanoreceptors distributed over a very large area with complex topography; devising an apparatus as targeted as an audio speaker or television for the localized sensory input of an ear canal or iris is more difficult. Furthermore, the soft and sensitive nature of the skin makes it difficult to apply solid state electronic solutions that can address large areas without causing discomfort. The maturing field of soft robotics offers potential solutions toward this challenge. In this article, the definition and history of virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) is first reviewed. Then an overview of haptic output and input technologies is presented, opportunities for soft robotics are identified, and mechanisms of intrinsically soft actuators and sensors are introduced. Finally, soft haptic output and input devices are reviewed with categorization by device forms, and examples of soft haptic devices in VR/AR environments are presented. 相似文献
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现如今,卡通形象早已不是什么新鲜事物了,它以自身极具亲和力和人性化的特点,被各个领域广泛运用.ARToolkit-MMD为增强现实技术的应用提供了一种方便快捷的开发工具,由此介绍了一个使用ARToolkit实现具有立体视觉成像的人机交互系统. 相似文献
9.
增强现实中虚实光照一致性研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
总结了近年来增强现实领域虚实光照融合技术的发展情况,对主要的分类进行了阐述,对于光照估计技术、基于设备采集的虚实光照一致性研究、基于场景理解的虚实光照一致性研究进行了介绍,并对国内外研究现状列举说明。此外,分析了增强现实中虚实光照一致性研究的一些技术难点,总结了现有的解决办法,对于虚实光照一致性研究的未来发展趋势,也进行了相应的展望。 相似文献
10.
In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the domain of augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR). The need for realistic and immersive augmentation has propelled the development of haptics interfaces-enabled AR/VR. The haptics interfaces facilitate direct interaction and manipulation with both real and virtual objects, thus augmenting the perception and experiences of the users. The level of augmentation can be significantly improved by thermal stimulation or sensing, which facilitates a higher degree of object identification and discrimination. This review discusses the thermal technology-enabled augmented reality and summarizes the recent progress in the development of different thermal technology such as thermal haptics including thermo-resistive heater and Peltier devices, thermal sensors including resistive, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric sensors, which can be utilized to improve the realism of augmentation. The fundamental mechanism, design strategies, and the rational guidelines for the adoption of these technologies in AR/VR is explicitly discussed. The conclusion provides an outlook on the existing challenges and outlines the future roadmap for the realization of next-generation thermo-haptics enabled augmented reality. 相似文献
11.
Haicheng Yao Tao Sun John Solomon Chiam Melissa Tan Khek Yu Ho Zhuangjian Liu Benjamin Chee Keong Tee 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(39):2008650
Electronic skins equip robots and biomedical devices with intuitive skin-like sensitivity. Performance-driven design of electronic skins is a critical need for electronic or biomedical applications. Prior research primarily focuses on investigating effects of microstructures on sensor performance at low pressure ranges. However, having predictive and tunable electro–mechanical responses across an extensive pressure range (>100 kPa) is paramount. Here, the authors propose a system that virtually customizes micropyramids for e-skin sensors. The associations between geometry parameters, material properties, and single-pyramid performance are systematically explored via numerical simulations, empirical characterizations, and analytical solutions. These experimentally validated models allow for the determination of the sensor parameters for the desired performance. An augmented reality interface system for surgery skills training by optimizing sensitivities that match varying tissue stiffnesses is further demonstrated. The platform enables greater effectiveness in rapidly iterating and designing micropyramidal e-skin for applications in augmented reality interfaces, robotics, and telehealthcare. 相似文献
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Darren J. Lipomi Charles Dhong Cody W. Carpenter Nicholas B. Root Vilayanur S. Ramachandran 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(29)
The goal of the field of haptics is to create technologies that manipulate the sense of touch. In virtual and augmented reality, haptic devices are for touch what loudspeakers and RGB displays are for hearing and vision. Haptic systems that utilize micromotors or other miniaturized mechanical devices (e.g., for vibration and pneumatic actuation) produce interesting effects, but are quite far from reproducing the feeling of real materials. They are especially deficient in recapitulating surface properties: fine texture, friction, viscoelasticity, tack, and softness. The central argument of this progress report is that in order to reproduce the feel of everyday objects, molecular control must be established over the properties of materials; ultimately, such control will enable the design of materials which can change these properties in real time. Stimuli‐responsive organic materials, such as polymers and composites, are a class of materials which can change their oxidation state, conductivity, shape, and rheological properties, and thus might be useful in future haptic technologies. Moreover, the use of such materials in research on tactile perception could help elucidate the limits of human tactile sensitivity. The work described represents the beginnings of this new area of inquiry, in which the defining approach is the marriage of materials science and psychology. 相似文献
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刘澍鑫;李燕;苏翼凯 《液晶与显示》2020,35(7):725-732
为实现自然、舒适的增强现实显示,需要解决传统增强现实显示中调焦和辐辏冲突的问题.多平面显示通过在空间中构建二维切片画面来实现三维显示,由于每层画面都显示在不同深度,因此可以准确地表达三维显示的深度信息,有效地缓解调焦和辐辏冲突的问题.本文主要介绍基于液晶散射膜的多平面增强现实显示系统,包括基于正型聚合物稳定向列相液晶、... 相似文献
16.
Liquid crystals (LCs) are soft but smart materials that can adjust its chemical or physical properties in response to various external stimuli. Using these materials to construct soft actuators and robots, referred as LC actuators and robots, is expected to replace current machinery part, obtaining lighter and smaller equipment with adjustable and complex functions. Especially, combining these LC actuator and robots with existing virtual reality and augmented reality technologies will produce a new world of mixed reality (MR) with the visual, auditory, and somatosensory interaction. In this review, the recent work on responsive LC actuators and robots is introduced, emphasizing on their potentials in haptic use. By discussing their programmable control via suitable stimuli, the LC actuators and robots are summarized for mechanical outputs, environmental mimic, and fine-tuning of surface texture and roughness. It is anticipated that the continuous development on LC actuators and robots will accelerate the MR technology toward practical application. 相似文献
17.
Kaixuan Wang Lim Wei Yap Shu Gong Ren Wang Stephen Jia Wang Wenlong Cheng 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(39):2008347
A virtual world has now become a reality as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology become commercially available. Similar to how humans interact with the physical world, AR and VR systems rely on human–machine interface (HMI) sensors to interact with the virtual world. Currently, this is achieved via state of-the-art wearable visual and auditory tools that are rigid, bulky, and burdensome, thereby causing discomfort during practical application. To this end, a skin sensory interface has the potential to serve as the next-generation AR/VR technology because skin-like wearable sensors have advantages in that they can be ultrathin, ultra-soft, conformal, and imperceptible, which provides the ultimate comfort and immersive experience for users. In this progress report, nanowire-based soft wearable HMI sensors including acoustic, strain, pressure sensors, and physiological sensors are reviewed that may be adopted as skin sensory inputs in future AR/VR systems. Further, nanowire-based soft contact lenses, haptic force, and thermal and vibration actuators are covered as potential means of feedback for future AR/VR systems. Considering the possible effects of the virtual world on human health, skin-like wearable artery pulses, glucose, and lactate sensors are also described, which may enable imperceptible health monitoring during future AR/VR practices. 相似文献
18.
虚拟现实(VR)与其所衍生的增强现实(AR)和混合现实(MR)能把携带三维信息的虚拟场景与真实世界相互叠加,极大地提升用户感官世界的直观性、精准性、实时性。该技术的推广与应用,将会给医学领域带来变革式发展。本文剖析VR/AR/MR的概念并简述其发展历程,分别对虚拟现实和增强现实在医学领域的应用进行阐述,并通过微软产品HoloLens的特点分析基于混合现实的解决方案在医学领域的优势。最后对VR/AR/MR目前在医学领域所存在的不足进行归纳,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望。 相似文献
19.
随着汽车工业和电子工业的不断发展,汽车电子产业逐渐兴起。首先介绍了汽车电子基本概念,并根据市场划分给出了汽车电子系统分类,说明了其发展及我国汽车电子产业现状,接着详细叙述了虚拟现实和汽车网络两种软件技术的概念,并针对厂商的具体应用做了一些介绍,最后对我国软件企业进入汽车电子产业做了展望。 相似文献
20.
Skin-like wearable sensors are regarded as key technologies toward home-based healthcare, human–machine interfaces, robotics, prostheses, and enhanced augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). Inspired by human somatosensory functions, artificial sensory feedback systems play vital roles in shaping interactions with complex environments and timely decision-making. This study presents an overview of recent advances in feedback-driven, closed-loop skin-inspired flexible sensor systems that make use of emerging functional nanomaterials and elaborate structures. Drawing on feedback solutions, four categories of sensor systems are highlighted, which include prosthesis- and AR/VR-based human–machine interfaces, smartphone-based approaches for point-of-care detection, and smart wearable displays for direct signal visualizations. Furthermore, the progress of machine learning on the reliable recognition of massive quantities of signals generated by flexible sensor networks is briefly discussed. The state-of-the-art hybrid sensor techniques, along with other emerging strategies, will enable total sensory feedback loop systems to be developed for next-generation electronic skins. 相似文献