“Stiff–Soft” Binary Synergistic Aerogels with Superflexibility and High Thermal Insulation Performance

Designing aerogel materials featuring both high thermal insulation property and excellent mechanical robustness is of great interest for applications in superior integrated energy management systems. To meet the above requirements, composite aerogels based on hierarchical “stiff–soft” binary networks are reported, in which secondary mesoporous polymethylsilsesquioxane domains intertwined by bacterial cellulose nanofibrillar networks are connected in tandem. The resulting composite aerogels are characterized by highly porous (93.6%) and nanosized structure with a surface area of 660 m² g^?1, leading to the excellent thermal insulation performance with a low thermal conductivity of 15.3 mW m^?1 K^?1. The integrated “stiff–soft” binary nature also endows the composite aerogels with high flexibility that can conform to various substrates as well as large tensile strength that can withstand more than 2.70 × 10⁴ times its own weight. These composite aerogels show multifunctionality in terms of efficient wearable protection, controllable thermal management, and ultrafast oil/water separation. These favorable multifeatures present composite aerogels ideal for aerospace, industrial, and commercial applications.     

Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation and Self-Powered Water Wave Detection Based on an All-Cellulose Monolithic Design

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology with a strong potential for applications in water distillation and desalination. However, the high-cost, complex fabrication, leaching, and disposal of synthetic materials remain the major roadblocks toward large-scale applications. Herein, the benefits offered by renewable bacterial cellulose (BC) are considered and an all-cellulose-based interfacial steam generator is developed. In this monolithic design, three BC-based aerogels are fabricated and integrated to endow the 3D steam generator with well-defined hybrid structures and several self-contained properties of lightweight, efficient evaporation, and good durability. Under 1 sun, the interfacial steam generator delivers high water evaporation rates of 1.82 and 4.32 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under calm and light air conditions, respectively. These results are among the best-performing interfacial steam generators, and surpass a majority of devices constructed from cellulose and other biopolymers. Importantly, the first example of integrating solar-driven interfacial evaporation with water wave detection is also demonstrated by introducing a self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This work highlights the potential of developing biopolymer-based, eco-friendly, and durable steam generators, not merely scaling up sustainable clean water production, but also discovering new functions for detecting wave parameters of surface water.     

Multifunctional Superelastic Cellulose Nanofibrils Aerogel by Dual Ice-Templating Assembly

A superelastic aerogel with fast shape recovery performance from large compressive strain is highly desired for numerous applications such as thermal insulation in clothing, high-sensitive sensors, and oil contaminant removal. Fabrication of superelastic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels is challenging as the CNF can assemble into non-elastic sheet-like cell walls. Here, a dual ice-templating assembly (DITA) strategy is proposed that can control the assembly of CNF into sub-micrometer fibers by extremely low temperature freezing (–196 °C), which can further assemble into an elastic aerogel with interconnected sub-micron fibers by freezer freezing (−20 °C) and freeze drying. The CNF aerogel from the DITA process demonstrates isotropic superelastic behavior that can recover from over 80% compressive strain along both longitudinal and cross-sectional directions, even in an extremely cold liquid nitrogen environment. The elastic CNF aerogel can be easily modified by chemical vapor deposition of organosilane, demonstrating superhydrophobicity (164° water contact angle), high liquid absorption (489 g g⁻¹ of chloroform absorption capacity), self-cleaning, thermal insulating (0.023 W (mK)⁻¹), and infrared shielding properties. This new DITA strategy provides a facile design of superelastic aerogels from bio-based nanomaterials, and the derived high performance multifunctional elastic aerogel is expected to be useful for a wide-range of applications.     

Tailoring Nanonets-Engineered Superflexible Nanofibrous Aerogels with Hierarchical Cage-Like Architecture Enables Renewable Antimicrobial Air Filtration

Purification of pathogenic air has become an essential part of infection prevention and control. Most present air filters can hardly achieve excellent air filtration performance and the effective inactivation of the airborne pathogens at the same time. Herein, a bottom-up approach is reported upon to construct cage-like structured superflexible nanofibrous aerogels (CSAs) with renewable antimicrobial properties by combining electrospun silica nanofibers, bacterial cellulose nanofibers, and the hydrophobic Si O Si elastic binder. The following efficient grafting of N-halamine compounds endows the CSAs with biocidal function. The resultant aerogels exhibit intriguing features of high porosity, hydrophobicity, superelasticity, foldability, renewable chlorination ability (>5400 ppm), high filtration performance toward PM0.3 (>99.97%, 189 Pa), and excellent antibacterial and antiviral activity (6 logs reduction within 5 min contact), enabling the aerogels to intercept and inactivate the pathogenic contaminants in air. The successful synthesis of CSAs provides a new possibility to design high-performance air filtration materials for public health protection.     

Cellulose Silica Hybrid Nanofiber Aerogels: From Sol–Gel Electrospun Nanofibers to Multifunctional Aerogels

Aerogels are considered ideal candidates for various applications, because of their low bulk density, highly porous nature, and functional performance. However, the time intensive nature of the complex fabrication process limits their potential application in various fields. Recently, incorporation of a fibrous network has resulted in production of aerogels with improved properties and functionalities. A facile approach is presented to fabricate hybrid sol–gel electrospun silica‐cellulose diacetate (CDA)‐based nanofibers to generate thermally and mechanically stable nanofiber aerogels. Thermal treatment results in gluing the silica‐CDA network strongly together thereby enhancing aerogel mechanical stability and hydrophobicity without compromising their highly porous nature (>98%) and low bulk density (≈10 mg cm^?3). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared studies demonstrate the development of strong bonds between silica and the CDA network, which result in the fabrication of cross‐linked structure responsible for their mechanical and thermal robustness and enhanced affinity for oils. Superhydrophobic nature and high oleophilicity of the hybrid aerogels enable them to be ideal candidates for oil spill cleaning, while their flame retardancy and low thermal conductivity can be explored in various applications requiring stability at high temperatures.     

Self-Adhesive Polydimethylsiloxane Foam Materials Decorated with MXene/Cellulose Nanofiber Interconnected Network for Versatile Functionalities

Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) foam as one of next-generation polymer foam materials shows poor surface adhesion and limited functionality, which greatly restricts its potential applications. Fabrication of advanced PDMS foam materials with multiple functionalities remains a critical challenge. In this study, unprecedented self-adhesive PDMS foam materials are reported with worm-like rough structure and reactive groups for fabricating multifunctional PDMS foam nanocomposites decorated with MXene/cellulose nanofiber (MXene/CNF) interconnected network by a facile silicone foaming and dip-coating strategy followed by silane surface modification. Interestingly, such self-adhesive PDMS foam produces strong interfacial adhesion with the hybrid MXene/CNF nano-coatings. Consequently, the optimized PDMS foam nanocomposites have excellent surface super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle of ≈159^o), tunable electrical conductivity (from 10⁻⁸ to 10 S m⁻¹), stable compressive cyclic reliability in both wide-temperature range (from −20 to 200 ^oC) and complex environments (acid, sodium, and alkali conditions), outstanding flame resistance (LOI value of >27% and low smoke production rate), good thermal insulating performance and reliable strain sensing in various stress modes and complex environmental conditions. It provides a new route for the rational design and development of advanced PDMS foam nanocomposites with versatile multifunctionalities for various promising applications such as intelligent healthcare monitoring and fire-safe thermal insulation.     

Zinc Intercalated Lattice Expansion of Ultrafine Platinum–Nickel Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for PEMFC

Platinum (Pt)-based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) catalysts with high performance under operating proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) conditions are a prerequisite for practical applications. As indicated by theoretical calculations, lattice expansion in zinc (Zn)-intercalated Pt alloys can weaken the adsorption of oxygen intermediates, enabling strong electronic interaction for boosting MEA catalysis. To test this hypothesis, herein, a new class of carbon (C)-supported ultrafine Pt alloys with the assistance of Zn is explored. Detailed characterizations indicate that the introduction of Zn can reduce the particle size, and simultaneously intercalates into the Pt alloys, resulting in the lattice expansion for enhancing metallic state of Pt and lowering d-band center. This intercalation strategy can be extended to PtNi, PtCo, as well as Pt. As a result, the optimized Zn-PtNi/C exhibits superior MEA activity (937.6 mW cm⁻² of peak power density), much higher than those of corresponding PtNi/C (771.6 mW cm⁻²) and commercial Pt/C (700.7 mW cm⁻²) under the harsh operating fuel cell conditions. This work opens up a new avenue for creating high-performance PEMFC catalysts in terms of lattice engineering.     

Molecular Engineering of Noble Metal Aerogels Boosting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Developing robust oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with high activity and durability remains great challenging while noble metal aerogels (NMAs) hold great potential because of their hierarchically porous morphology, excellent activity, and self-supported characteristic. Herein, a general molecular engineering strategy to synthesize molecule-noble metal aerogels (M-NMAs) via 3D assembly of metal nanoparticles (e.g., Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, and PtPd NPs) induced by metalloporphyrin as cross-linkers is reported. Due to the well synergy of NMAs and porphyrin molecule in creating the facile reaction pathway for ORR catalysis, these M-NMAs demonstrate boosted ORR activity and durability in different electrolytes. Particularly, the best PtPd-based M-NMA delivers 1.47 A mg_Pt⁻¹ and 2.13 mA cm⁻² in mass and specific activities, which are 11.3 and 14.2 times higher than those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Thus, this work not only provides a simple and universal functional engineering approach of NMAs with catalytic molecules, but also opens an avenue of the rational design for superior ORR electrocatalysts.     

A Universal Aqueous Conductive Binder for Flexible Electrodes

The development of wearable electronics has led to new requirements for flexible and high-energy batteries. However, the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binder fails in the manufacture of high-loaded and thick battery electrodes owing to its insufficient adhesiveness and electronic insulation, let alone for flexible devices. Furthermore, organic processing is expensive and not eco-friendly. Herein, the authors report a novel aqueous conductive binder made of carbon nanotubes interwoven in cellulose nanosheets, successfully satisfying the fabrication of flexible yet high-strength electrodes for universal active materials of different sizes, morphologies, and negative-to-positive working potentials, with a high mass loading of up to ≈ 90 mg cm⁻². The conductive binder has an ultrathin 2D-reticular nanosheet structure that forms continuous conductive skeletons in electrodes to segregate and warp active particles via a robust “face-to-point” bonding mode, allowing the fabricated electrodes to have remarkable flexibility and excellent mechanical integrity even under various external forces and excessive electrolyte erosion. Flexible LCO cathodes with a mass loading of > 30 mg cm⁻² as a case study exhibit high mechanical strength ( > 20 MPa) and can easily achieve an ultrahigh areal capacity of 12.1 mAh cm⁻². This cellulose-based binder system is ideal for advanced high-performance functional devices, especially for flexible and high-energy batteries.     

Simplified single-emitting-layer hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with high efficiency,low efficiency roll-off,high color rendering index and superior color stability

Single-emitting-layer hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (SEL-hybrid-WOLEDs) are promising candidates for large-area lightings, however, ideal hybrid WOLEDs with a simple structure and high-efficiency, low roll-off, high color rendering index (CRI) and superior CIE coordinates have been rarely reported. In this paper, high-performance SEL-hybrid-WOLEDs are demonstrated by utilizing a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) host emitter combined with green and red phosphors. The optimized WOLED exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.2%, CIE coordinates of (0.360, 0.390) and a CRI of 85. Remarkably, an extremely low efficiency roll-off is also realized, with an EQE of 19.4% remained even at the practical luminance of 1000 cd/m², resulting from the wide recombination zone as well as the well-tuned energy transfer in the emitting layer. Moreover, benefited from the stable recombination zone, superior color stability was also achieved. The intriguing results, we believe, greatly manifest the great potential of such a strategy and may pave the way towards real applications.     

Multiscale Assembly of Superinsulating Silica Aerogels Within Silylated Nanocellulosic Scaffolds: Improved Mechanical Properties Promoted by Nanoscale Chemical Compatibilization

Silica aerogels are amongst the lightest mesoporous solids known and well recognized for their superinsulating properties, but the weak mechanical properties of the inorganic network structure has often narrowed their field of application. Here, the inherent brittleness of dried inorganic gels is tackled through the elaboration of a strong mesoporous silica aerogel interpenetrated with a silylated nanocellulosic scaffold. To this avail, a functionalized scaffold is synthesized by freeze‐drying an aqueous suspension of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)—a bio‐based nanomaterial mechanically isolated from renewable resources—in the presence of methyltrimethoxysilane sol. The silylated NFC scaffold displays a high porosity (>98%), high flexibility, and reduced thermal conductivity (λ) compared with classical cellulosic structures. The polysiloxane layer decorating the nanocellulosic scaffold is exploited to promote the attachment of the mesoporous silica matrix onto the nanofibrillated cellulose scaffold (NFCS), leading to a reinforced silica hybrid aerogel with improved thermomechanical properties. The highly porous (>93%) silica‐NFC hybrids displays meso‐ and macroporosity with pore diameters controllable by the NFCS mass fraction, reduced linear shrinkage, improved compressive properties (55% and 126% increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength, respectively), while maintaining superinsulating properties (λ ≤ 20 mW (m K)^–1). This study details a new direction for the synthesis of multiscale hybrid silica aerogel structures with tailored properties through the use of alkyltrialkoxysilane prefunctionalized nanocellulosic scaffolds.     

Reversibly Compressible,Highly Elastic,and Durable Graphene Aerogels for Energy Storage Devices under Limiting Conditions

High porosity combined with mechanical durability in conductive materials is in high demand for special applications in energy storage under limiting conditions, and it is fundamentally important for establishing a relationship between the structure/chemistry of these materials and their properties. Herein, polymer‐assisted self‐assembly and cross‐linking are combined for reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based aerogels with reversible compressibility, high elasticity, and extreme durability. The strong interplay of cross‐linked rGO (x‐rGO) aerogels results in high porosity and low density due to the re‐stacking inhibition and steric hinderance of the polymer chains, yet it makes mechanical durability and structural bicontinuity possible even under compressive strains because of the coupling of directional x‐rGO networks with polymer viscoelasticity. The x‐rGO aerogels retain >140% and >1400% increases in the gravimetric and volumetric capacitances, respectively, at 90% compressive strain, showing reversible change and stability of the volumetric capacitance under both static and dynamic compressions; this makes them applicable to energy storage devices whose volume and mass must be limited.     

Architectured Materials to Improve the Reliability of Power Electronics Modules: Substrate and Lead-Free Solder

Power electronics modules (>100 A, >500 V) are essential components for the development of electrical and hybrid vehicles. These modules are formed from silicon chips (transistors and diodes) assembled on copper substrates by soldering. Owing to the fact that the assembly is heterogeneous, and because of thermal gradients, shear stresses are generated in the solders and cause premature damage to such electronics modules. This work focuses on architectured materials for the substrate and on lead-free solders to reduce the mechanical effects of differential expansion, improve the reliability of the assembly, and achieve a suitable operating temperature (<175°C). These materials are composites whose thermomechanical properties have been optimized by numerical simulation and validated experimentally. The substrates have good thermal conductivity (>280 W m^?1 K^?1) and a macroscopic coefficient of thermal expansion intermediate between those of Cu and Si, as well as limited structural evolution in service conditions. An approach combining design, optimization, and manufacturing of new materials has been followed in this study, leading to improved thermal cycling behavior of the component.     

Crack-Induced Superelastic,Strength-Tunable Carbon Nanotube Sponges

Lightweight strong aerogels have many applications, but they suffer from the trade-off between key mechanical properties, and it remains challenging to realize superelastic aerogels simultaneously possessing high strength and excellent structural recovery. Herein, a strategy to overcome such a problem by designing a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based aerogel consisting of flexible-rigid core-shell structure, which achieve a combination of excellent properties including superelasticity (complete recovery at 90%), high strength (over 12 MPa at 90%) and wide tunability (from 101 kPa to 4.5 MPa at 50% strain), is presented. It is found that the outer rigid but brittle amorphous carbon shells crosslink the CNT cores and crack into orderly distributed segments during the first compression cycle, while the flexible CNT cores ensure the integrity of the overall skeleton and tolerance to large deformation. This designed CNT composite sponges exhibit overall superior mechanical properties than previously reported foams/aerogels, and due to such unique crack-induced superelasticity mechanism, potential applications such as pressure sensors with wide-range tailored sensitivity and high-performance energy absorbers have been developed. This flexible-rigid core-shell synergia may provide further insight for tunable high-strength aerogel design and innovative applications.     

Superelastic and Ultralight Aerogel Assembled from Hemp Microfibers

Aerogels with both high elastic strain and fast shape recovery after compression have broad application potentials as thermal regulation, absorbents, and electrical devices. However, creating such aerogels from cellulosic materials requires complicated preparation processes. Herein, a simple strategy for scalable production of hemp microfibers using a top-down method is reported, which can further be assembled into aerogels with interconnected porous structures via ice-templating technique. With density as low as 2.1 mg cm⁻³, these aerogels demonstrate isotropic superelasticity, as exhibited by their fast shape restoration from over 80% compressive strain. Due to the high porosity (99.87%) and structural tortuosity, these aerogels show a low thermal conductivity of 0.0215 ± 0.0002 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, suggesting their potential in thermal insulation application. Certain hydrophobic modification using silane derivative further endows these aerogels with reduced water affinity. Overall, the proposed strategy to prepare bio-based microfibers using scalable technology, as well as the assembled aerogels, provides new insights into the design and fabrication of multifunctional bio-based aerogels for value-added applications.     

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

This study presents a novel, green, and efficient way of preparing crosslinked aerogels from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and alginate using non‐covalent chemistry. This new process can ultimately facilitate the fast, continuous, and large‐scale production of porous, light‐weight materials as it does not require freeze‐drying, supercritical CO₂ drying, or any environmentally harmful crosslinking chemistries. The reported preparation procedure relies solely on the successive freezing, solvent‐exchange, and ambient drying of composite CNF‐alginate gels. The presented findings suggest that a highly‐porous structure can be preserved throughout the process by simply controlling the ionic strength of the gel. Aerogels with tunable densities (23–38 kg m^?3) and compressive moduli (97–275 kPa) can be prepared by using different CNF concentrations. These low‐density networks have a unique combination of formability (using molding or 3D‐printing) and wet‐stability (when ion exchanged to calcium ions). To demonstrate their use in advanced wet applications, the printed aerogels are functionalized with very high loadings of conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:TOS) polymer by using a novel in situ polymerization approach. In‐depth material characterization reveals that these aerogels have the potential to be used in not only energy storage applications (specific capacitance of 78 F g^?1), but also as mechanical‐strain and humidity sensors.     

Inheritable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces with π–d Electron Coupling for Robust Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at High-Current-Densities

Rational heterointerface engineering is crucial for superior and robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a delicate organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction based on the assembly of oxalate with polyaniline (PANI) for HER at high-current-densities is envisioned. Strong π–d electron coupling is achieved between the delocalized π electrons of PANI and the localized d electrons of oxalate metal sites. The CoC₂O₄ nanosheets are grown on nickel foam (NF) with Ni²⁺ ions substitution by the precursor etching. By virtue of the synergy of hetero ions and π–d electron coupling, metal sites obtain sufficient exposure and electronic structure optimization. Surprisingly, the phase transition of oxalate during HER in the alkaline environment does not weaken the π–d electronic coupling of the organic-inorganic hybrid interfaces. Inheritable interfacial electron interaction provides a reliable guarantee for robust stability at high-current-densities while endowing the hybrid materials with extremely low overpotentials. As expected, post-phase reconstructed Co_0.59Ni_0.41(OH)₂@PANI/NF displays impressive HER activity, with a low overpotential of 43 mV@−10 mA cm⁻² and robust stability at −1000 mA cm⁻² for 30 h in the alkaline environment. This study sheds light on the rational heterostructure interface design and promotes the architecture of an impressive electrocatalysts system.     

Lightweight,Superelastic, and Hydrophobic Polyimide Nanofiber /MXene Composite Aerogel for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensor and Oil/Water Separation Applications

Inspired by the ultralight and structurally robust spider webs, flexible nanofibril-assembled aerogels with intriguing attributes have been designed for achieving promising performances in various applications. Here, conductive polyimide nanofiber (PINF)/MXene composite aerogel with typical “layer-strut” bracing hierarchical nanofibrous cellular structure has been developed via the freeze-drying and thermal imidization process. Benefiting from the porous architecture and robust bonding between PINF and MXene, the PINF/MXene composite aerogel exhibits an ultralow density (9.98 mg cm⁻³), intriguing temperature tolerance from -50 to 250 °C, superior compressibility and recoverability (up to 90% strain), and excellent fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles. The composite aerogel can be used as a piezoresistive sensor, with an outstanding sensing capacity up to 90% strain (corresponding 85.21 kPa), ultralow detection limit of 0.5% strain (corresponding 0.01 kPa), robust fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles, excellent piezoresistive stability and reproductivity in extremely harsh environments. Furthermore, the composite aerogel also exhibits superior oil/water separation properties such as high adsorption capacity (55.85 to 135.29 g g⁻¹) and stable recyclability due to its hydrophobicity and robust hierarchical porous structure. It is expected that the designed PINF/MXene composite aerogel can supply a new multifunctional platform for human bodily motion/physical signals detection and high-efficient oil/water separation.     

Neuron-Inspired Self-Powered Hydrogels with Excellent Adhesion,Recyclability and Dual-Mode Output for Multifunctional Ionic Skin

Hydrogels are promising materials for electronic skin due to their flexibility and modifiability. Reported hydrogel electronic skins can recognize stimulations and output signals, but the single output signal and the requirement of external power source limit their further applications. In this study, inspired by the neuron system, the self-powered neuron system-like hydrogels based on gelatin, water/glycerin and ionic liquid modified metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are prepared. The optimized hydrogel exhibits excellent adhesion (40 kPa), stretchability (0%–100%), water retention (>92% at 0% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere), ionic conductivity (>10⁻³ S m⁻¹) and stability (>30 days). Besides, the neuron system-like hydrogels are highly sensitive to pressure (0—10 N) and humidity (0%–75% RH) with dual-modal output, without external power source. Finally, the optimized hydrogel ionic skin is applied in human motion detection, energy harvesting, and low humidity sensing. This study provides a preliminary exploration of self-powered ionic skin for multi-application scenarios.     

Hyperelastic,Robust, Fire-Safe Multifunctional MXene Aerogels with Unprecedented Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency

MXene aerogels have shown great potential for many important functional applications, in particular electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, it has been a grand challenge to create mechanically hyperelastic, air-stable, and durable MXene aerogels for enabling effective EMI protection at low concentrations due to the difficulties in achieving tailorable porous structures, excellent mechanical elasticity, and desired antioxidation capabilities of MXene in air. Here, a facile strategy for fabricating MXene composite aerogels by co-assembling MXene and cellulose nanofibers during freeze-drying followed by surface encapsulation with fire-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is reported. Because of the maximum utilization of pore structures of MXene, and conductive loss enhanced by multiple internal reflections, as-prepared aerogel with 3.14 wt% of MXene exhibits an exceptionally high EMI shielding effectiveness of 93.5 dB, and an ultra-high MXene utilization efficiency of 2977.71 dB g g⁻¹, tripling the values in previous works. Owing to the presence of multiple hydrogen bonding and the TPU elastomer, the aerogel exhibits a hyperelastic feature with additional strength, excellent stability, superior durability, and high fire safety. This study provides a facile strategy for creating multifunctional aerogels with great potential for applications in EMI protection, wearable devices, thermal management, pressure sensing, and intelligent fire monitoring.