烟梗废料固态发酵生产苏云金芽孢杆菌的适宜条件筛选

以烟草废料烟梗为培养基主要原料,采用正交和单因素试验方法,对苏云金芽孢杆菌HD-1菌株(Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1)的固态发酵培养基及培养条件进行了优化.结果表明,烟梗固态发酵培养基的最佳组合为:烟梗88.13％,酵母粉1.17％,蛋白胨1.17％,豆饼粉5.88％,玉米粉2.93％,KH2PO40.18％,MgSO4·7H2O 0.24％,FeSO4 0.12％和MnSO4 0.18％;最佳培养条件为:接种量6％,初始含水率65％,初始pH7.5.在这种发酵条件下的产孢量可稳定在9.5×1010CFU/g.因此,利用烟梗废料固态发酵生产苏云金芽孢杆菌是可行的.     

烟梗废弃物固态发酵生产白僵菌的适宜条件筛选

为探索废弃烟梗资源化利用途径,以烟梗废料为培养基的主要原料,以杀虫微生物白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)为目标产物,采用固态发酵法研究了烟梗粒度和含水率对白僵菌产孢量的影响,并通过Plackett-Burman(PB)试验对废弃烟梗发酵产白僵菌的条件进行了初步优化。结果表明:烟梗适宜作为白僵菌的主要发酵培养基质,粒度以原梗较好,且当烟梗与水质量比为1 3.5时,白僵菌生长和孢子萌发状况最好,孢子产量较高;通过PB试验与分析,在选择的9个相关因素中,培养时间、蛋白胨和酵母粉添加量是影响白僵菌孢子产量的3个关键因素;在PB试验条件下,白僵菌孢子最大产量可达8.59×109个/g。研究证实了以烟梗废料发酵生产杀虫微生物白僵菌的可行性,为烟梗废料的综合利用开辟了新途径。     

黑曲霉固态发酵及酶解烟梗条件的研究

以黑曲霉h1为菌株,以烟梗为发酵培养基进行固态发酵。以发酵后烟梗中果胶残留率为评价指标,优化了三角瓶固态发酵条件,并进行了正交实验。优化的发酵条件为:培养基含水量为料水比1∶1.2,1000mL三角瓶中装料量为40g,接种量为20%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为6d。在此优化条件下进行验证实验,发酵后的烟梗中果胶残留率为27.32%。采用150L厚层通风池式固态发酵罐对烟梗进行发酵并酶解后,残余烟梗中果胶、淀粉及蛋白质等大分子物质残留率分别为35.19%、25.06%及58.74%,说明大部分大分子物质被一定程度的降解并溶于水中。故通过固态发酵的方法可取得较好的降解烟梗中大分子物质的效果。     

利用废弃烟梗发酵生产白僵菌的响应面优化

为实现废弃烟梗资源化利用,以废弃烟梗为主要发酵底料,白僵菌产孢量为响应值,采用响应面法（Response Surface Methodology,RSM）对烟梗发酵生产白僵菌的条件进行了优化。通过Plackett-Burman（PB）试验筛选出影响废弃烟梗发酵生产白僵菌最显著的因素,设计最陡爬坡试验逼近最佳条件区域,进一步设计Box-Behnken Design（BBD）响应面优化,分析并确定最佳条件。结果表明,当培养时间为9.40 d,蛋白胨含量1.21%,酵母粉含量1.03%时,白僵菌孢子产量预测最优值为1.17×10¹⁰个/g,实际孢子产量为1.13×10¹⁰个/g,拟合度达到96.58%,白僵菌产孢量显著提高。因此,采用该方法优化得到的最佳发酵条件合理而有效,对烟草生物防治以及烟梗废料的综合利用具有实际应用价值。     

液态发酵法制备菜籽ACE抑制肽培养基条件优化

以菜籽粕为原料,通过枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵生产菜籽ACE 抑制肽。先以肽得率、ACE 抑制率为指标通过单因素试验得到液态发酵的培养基条件,再以响应面分析法,优化枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵培养基中的3 种成分,确定枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产菜籽肽的最佳培养基工艺条件为：磷酸二氢钾0.45g/100mL、葡萄糖0.8g/100mL、料液比1:23、初始pH7.0。优化后的ACE 抑制率可达69.79%。     

烟制品加料剂的制造方法

申请专利的范围: 1.在无花果的榨汁中加入烟叶、烟末、烟梗等的浸提液及发酵所需的营养物质,经2,3一丁二醇发酵后,再选择进行乳酸发酵、丙三醇发酵制造烟草加料剂的方法. 2.如“1”中所登记的在2,3-丁二醇发酵后的培养基中补充糖份的方法. 3.如1.2项所登记的、以购自市场的无花果酱或无花果汁为原料、制取无花果榨汁的方法.     

苏云金杆菌HD-1乳剂防治烟青虫初报

烟青虫是烟草的主要害虫之一。主要为害烟草的叶片、花蕾及嫩茎。发生期长,为害重。为克眼化学防治所存在的毒性、残留、杀伤天敌以及虫体产生抗药性等缺点,研究采用苏云全杆菌 HD-1乳剂防治烟青虫的生物防治法,取得了较好的效果。简报如下。一、试验示范方法供试药剂为苏云金杆菌 HD-1乳剂(以下简称 HD-1乳剂),系湖北省农科院微生物农药厂1985年产品,每毫升含孢子100亿以上。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌液体发酵的研究

对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵清液进行了工艺条件优化研究,通过试验确定其适宜发酵工艺条件为:溶解氧大于3%,培养温度:1～20 h为30℃,20h以后为33℃,补糖量为2%,发酵周期29h.在此条件下,进行发酵可使发酵液生物效价达到5200 IU/uL的水平,制得干粉生物效价达到120000 IU/uL,晶体含量达12%.     

巨枝膝梗孢液态发酵产木聚糖酶的研究

对巨枝膝梗孢S0011产木聚糖酶液态发酵条件进行了研究,结果表明:最佳碳源为1.5%(质量分数)的玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖、初始pH8.0、培养温度28 ℃时所得木聚糖酶活性最高.巨枝膝梗孢S0011在优化后的培养基和培养条件下,发酵4d产木聚糖酶活性达到峰值,其活性浓度达231 U/mL.     

枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的种子培养基和发酵培养基优化研究

为提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率,对发酵所用种子培养基和发酵培养基进行优化。通过单因素实验研究种子培养基氮源、碳源、无机盐种类及温度对生物量的影响,确定种子培养基组成为1%酵母膏、1%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4,培养温度36℃,其生物量、中性和碱性蛋白酶酶活较常规蛋白胨培养基分别提高210.10%、459.20%和67.50%。在此基础上运用正交实验对发酵培养基碳源量、接种量及温度进行优化,得到最优发酵工艺条件为20%豆粕、2%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4、接种量10%,培养温度36℃,其生物量、可溶性蛋白及多肽含量较仅含22%豆粕的培养基分别提高40.90%、28.60%和36.40%。结果表明采用优化后的种子培养基和发酵培养基能够显著提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the