MPEG-2到JVT/AVC/H.264的快速转码算法

本文为MPEG-2到JVT／AVC／H.264的转码提供了一种高效的块模式决策算法。这种新的决策算法既充分地利用了原始序列与当前待编码的H.264宏块相对应的16个MPEG-2宏块的信息,又参考了转码后序列的当前帧中与待编码宏块相邻的多个宏块的信息以及前一帧相应宏块的信息。本文在利用已知宏块的信息预测待编码宏块块模式的过程中,引入了"模式子集"的概念。由于这个子集中元素的数目较少,所以待编码宏块在该子集中挑选适合的块模式,可以极大地节省编码时间,提高编码效率,而与此同时对PSNR以及视频图像主观性能的影响不大。另外,本文进一步扩展了"主导宏块"的概念,并将之应用于块模式的决策中,从而有效地提高编码效率。     

IMPEG-2到JMT／AVC／H．264的快速转码算法

本文为MPEG02到JVT／AVC／H．264的转码提供了一种高效的块模式决策算法。这种新的决策算法既充分地利用了原始序列与当前待编码的H．264宏块相对应的16个MPEG-2宏块的信息。又参考了转码后序列的当前帧中与待编码宏块相邻的多个宏块的信息以及前一帧相应宏块的信息。本文在利用已知宏块的信息预测待编码宏块块模式的过程中。引入了“模式子集”的概念。由于这个子集中元素的数目较少，所以待编码宏块在该子集中挑选适合的块模式。可以极大地节省编码时间，提高编码效率。而与此同时对PSNR以及视频图像主观性能的影响不大。另外。本文进一步扩展了“主导宏块”的概念。并将之应用于块模式的决策中。从而有效地提高编码效率。     

低复杂度的多视点视频编码宏块模式决策算法

为了降低多视点视频编码(MVC)的计算复杂度,提出了一种基于全局-局部率失真代价的低复杂度宏块模式决策算法。首先根据宏块候选模式的块尺寸和率失真代价特点,将所有候选模式分为大尺寸模式(Skip/Direct、Inter16×16和Intra16×16)和小尺寸模式(Inter16×8、Inter8×16、Inter8×8、Intra8×8和Intra4×4);接着统计已编码帧中这两类宏块模式的平均率失真代价,并利用这些平均率失真代价计算当前帧宏块模式决策的全局率失真代价;最后利用得到的全局率失真代价,并结合当前宏块已估计模式的局部率失真代价和空间邻近宏块的模式信息提前终止模式决策,具体包括对大尺寸宏块模式进行提前判定以及对小尺寸候选模式进行逐级选择。实验结果表明:与MVC参考代码中的全搜索模式决策算法相比,本文算法在时域预测视点和视点域预测视点上分别节省了74%和82%的平均编码时间,同时保持了良好的编码率失真性能;与现有模式决策快速算法相比,本文算法降低了更多的编码时间,并具有更好的编码率失真性能。     

基于感知的多视点视频编码宏块模式选择快速算法

多视点视频编码(MVC)采取可变块模式选择技术和 多参考帧技术显著提高了编码的压缩效率,但同时带来了巨大的 编码计算复杂度。为了降低MVC的计算复杂度,提出基于感知的快速MVC宏块模式选择 算法。基于人眼视觉感知的特点,利用视觉恰可察觉失真(JND)的概念建立MVC宏块的最优模 式和JND的联系,并利用该联系确定早期结束最优宏块模式选择过程的阈值,根据当前编码 宏块的JND与阈值的 关系自适应地减少每个编码宏块的模式搜索次数,进而减少MVC的方向搜索和参考帧搜索的 次数,以降 低编码的复杂度,提高MVC速度。实验结果显示,对于不同运动特性、内容、纹理信息、相 机间距和图像 尺寸的测试序列,提出的快速算法在率失真性能几乎不变的情况下平均节约76.00% 编码时间。     

多视点编码中一种快速的模式选择方法

在多视点视频编码中,多尺寸的运动估计和视点估计被用来选择宏块的最优编码模式.这些技术大大提高了编码效率,但是却带来了庞大的计算复杂度,从而影响了多视点视频编码的广泛应用.提出了一种新的模式选择的快速算法,利用了相邻视点的模式相关性来减少执行不需要的模式.实验表明,所提出的快速模式选择算法在不降低编码效率的同时可以显著降...     

一种基于H.264/AVC的帧间模式快速判决算法

新的视频编码标准H.264/AVC能够获得较高的编码效率是以增加运算复杂度为代价的,1个帧间宏块(MB)的可选编码模式包括7种块尺寸的帧间预测模式和2种块尺寸的帧内预测模式,其校验模型仅给出一种复杂的全搜索方法来确定最佳模式。本文提出一种快速模式判决算法,将全部模式进行分类,通过判别MB的一致性和比较MB的空时相关性逐类型比较,可有效减少判决的模式数量。实验结果表明,这种方法能够在保持视频质量的同时,节省约35%的编码时间。     

压缩域MPEG-2到MPEG-4视频转码中不匹配宏块的复原算法

作为一种最有应用前景的先进的压缩编码标准，MPEG-4将会很快在视频传输、存储和剪辑等许多领域中得到应用。不过，MPEG-2和MPEG-4这两种优秀的视频系统肯定会在很长一段时间内共存。本文提出了一种基于MC-DCT域的转码方法。重点解决了两种标准视频流中宏块编码模式不匹配的一些关键问题。仿真结果表明，本算法不仅能有效地实现MPEG-2到MPEG-4的转码，满足实时性和低处迟的需求，而且能隐藏或复原编码模式不匹配宏块，明显地改变视觉质量。     

抗重量化转码的H.264/AVC视频水印算法

根据H.264/AVC特定的编解码架构,该文提出一种基于残差系数符号编码的新水印方案。在重量化转码分析的基础上,结合纹理复杂度和率失真开销差距选择嵌入水印的宏块,解决了重量化转码过程中宏块模式变化引起水印不同步问题。水印嵌入不是直接对系数进行叠加,而是结合DCT残差系数特点,通过特定的符号编码方式对系数进行轻微调制。实验结果表明,该算法可以抵抗重量化转码、加性白高斯噪声、亮度与对比度调节等攻击,并且能很好地保持视频感知质量。     

适宜于质量可伸缩帧间编码的快速算法

根据质量可伸缩编码的特征,提出一种适合于中粒度质量可伸缩视频编码增强层的帧间快速编码算法。首先根据基本层宏块的模式和率失真值预测当前宏块编码模式采用的顺序;然后根据编码结构提出Direct编码方式判断,根据层间相关性提出了层间方式判断,利用空间相关性提出了相邻方式判断,最后根据已预测的模式顺序编码当前宏块,并利用这3种判断提前终止以提高编码速度。实验结果证明,与标准算法相比,所提算法的计算复杂度平均降低了68%,同时对编码质量和比特率几乎没有影响。     

基于动态多阈值的多视点视频编码宏块模式快速选择算法

本文分析了多视点视频编码中宏块模式选择情况的统计特性,把宏块模式分为四类.提出了基于宏块模式类率失真均值的多阈值快速宏块模式选择算法及阈值的近似计算方法和动态更新算法,理论分析了该快速算法的编码率失真性能.实验结果表明,所提出快速算法在几乎不影响编码率失真性能的情况下,编码速度比多视点视频编码校验模型提高1.92倍到7.07倍.     

General Architecture for MPEG-2/H.263/H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC Intra Frame Transcoding

The latest international video-coding standard H.264/AVC significantly achieves better coding performance compared to prior video coding standards such as MPEG-2 and H.263, which have been widely used in today’s digital video applications. To provide the interoperability between different coding standards, this paper proposes an efficient architecture for MPEG-2/H.263/H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC intra frame transcoding, using the original information such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and coded mode type. Low-frequency components of DCT coefficients and a novel rate distortion cost function are used to select a set of candidate modes for rate distortion optimization (RDO) decision. For H.263 and H.264/AVC, a mode refinement scheme is utilized to eliminate unlikely modes before RDO mode decision, based on coded mode information. The experimental results, conducted on JM12.2 with fast C8MB mode decision, reveal that average 58%, 59% and 60% of computation (re-encoding) time can be saved for MPEG-2, H.263, H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC intra frame transcodings respectively, while preserving good coding performance when compared with complex cascaded pixel domain transcoding (CCPDT); or average 88% (a speed up factor of 8) when compared with CCPDT without considering fast C8MB. The proposed algorithm for H.264/AVC homogeneous transcoding is also compared to the simple cascaded pixel domain transcoding (with original mode reuse). The results of this comparison indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the mode reuse algorithm in coding performance, with only slightly higher computation.     

Fast mode decision algorithm for H.264 using statistics of rate-distortion cost

A context-based fast mode decision scheme for P slices in the H.264 video coding standard is presented. Based on the coding modes and the statistical distribution of rate-distortion costs of the collocated macroblocks in the previous frames, a context modelling technique has been developed to design adaptive threshold values for the fast mode decision. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the encoding time by about 83% on average without significant loss of rate-distortion performance.     

H.264帧间模式快速判决

H.264标准采用率失真优化(RDO)技术提高了编码效率,但这是以较高的计算复杂度为代价的.提出一种快速模式判决算法,利用早期的SKIP模式判决以及运动代价来减少待选的模式.实验表明,该算法比起H.264标准显著提高了编码效率,而视频质量并没有太大的损失.     

H.264/AVC标准中基于CABAC的数字视频加密研究

分析和总结了用于新一代视频编码标准H.264／AVC加密的候选域，在此基础上提出了一种新的基于CABAC（基于上下文的自适应二进制算术编码）的数字视频加密方案，并给出了2种安全加密操作：RCME（规则编码模式加密）和BCME（旁路编码模式加密）实现了残差系数码字、运动矢量差码字和帧内预测模式的加密保护。实验结果表明，该方案具有较好的安全性、编码效率和误码顽健性。     

基于块参考像素特征的快速帧内预测模式选择新算法

帧内预测是H.264采用的一种编码新技术。与以前的编码标准相比,H.264编码性能有了很大的提高,但同时编码复杂度和计算量也明显增加。该文研究了提高H.264编码速度的途径,着重分析了帧内预测模式快速选择的问题。经过分析发现,4×4亮度块的参考像素亮度值通常具有相似性,对应地,4×4亮度块的9种预测模式所得的预测结果也是相近的。根据4×4亮度块参考像素的这一特征,该文提出了一种基于4×4亮度块参考像素特征的快速帧内预测模式选择算法。实验结果说明了该文算法的有效性,与H.264编码器JM92相比,该算法的计算量减少了46%,而编码质量、PSNR和输出码率保持基本不变。     

H.264中基于先验预测的帧间编码模式选择算法研究

帧间编码的模式选择算法是H.264视频编码器中计算量较大的部分。该文首先简要介绍了H.264帧间多模式编码原理,然后对帧间编码的最佳模式进行统计、分析,提出了一种基于先验预测的帧间编码模式选择快速算法。仿真实验结果表明该文提出的快速模式选择策略可以在保证视频编码质量的同时,很大程度上降低编码器的计算复杂度。     

Enhanced Inter Mode Decision Based on Contextual Prediction for P‐Slices in H.264/AVC Video Coding

We propose a fast macroblock mode prediction and decision algorithm based on contextual information for P‐slices in the H.264/AVC video standard, in which the mode prediction part is composed of intra and inter modes. There are nine 4×4 and four 16×16 modes in the intra mode prediction, and seven block types exist for the best coding gain based on rate‐distortion optimization. This scheme gives rise to exhaustive computations (search) in the coding procedure. To overcome this problem, a fast inter mode prediction scheme is applied that uses contextual mode information for P‐slices. We verify the performance of the proposed scheme through a comparative analysis of experimental results. The suggested mode search procedure increased more than 57% in speed compared to a full mode search and more than 20% compared to the other methods.     

Parallel fast inter mode decision for H.264/AVC encoding

For H.264/AVC encoding, the mode selection process consumes a large proportion of the overall computation. To reduce this burden, various fast mode decision algorithms have been proposed. The current fast mode decision algorithms usually exploit the relationship among the coding modes and use the context-based approach to reduce the number of modes to be checked for both intra coding and inter coding. The parallel capacity of hardware architectures are also taken into consideration. However, almost all the parallel fast mode decision designs are focusing on intra coding. In this paper, a hardware friendly parallel fast inter mode decision method is proposed. With the proposed method, the inter mode decision can be conducted efficiently in one pass and significant encoding speedup can be achieved with negligible coding efficiency loss. Moreover, the proposed method can be easily mapped to hardware architecture which can be used for the real-time video encoding.     

Efficient block size selection in H.264 video coding standard

Selecting an efficient variable block size mode in H.264 video coding standard for better compression performance is considered. The proposed scheme is based on a 3D recursive search algorithm and takes into account the motion vector cost and previous frame information. The best mode for the current macroblock is obtained by analysing the modes for a maximum of four macroblocks in the current and previous frames. An improvement in the encoding time with negligible impact on subjective and quantitative performance has been achieved.     

Fast inter mode prediction for P slices in the H264 video coding standard

We propose an inter mode decision scheme for P slices in the H264 video coding standard. Our scheme initially exploits neighborhood information jointly with a set of skip mode conditions for enhanced skip mode decision. It subsequently performs inter mode decision for the remaining macroblocks by using a gentle set of smoothness constraints. For RD performance very close to the standard, we achieve 35-58% reduction in run times and 33-55% reduction in CPU cycles for both the rate controlled and the non rate controlled versions of H264. Compared to other non gradient based work that has been proposed as input to the standard, gains of 9-23% in run times and 7-22% in CPU cycles are also reported. Finally, with respect to other gradient based approaches for mode decision, gains of 9% are reported in run times.