十字线结构光双目视觉测量的在线匹配方法

一字线及编码(相移)光栅结构光扫描测量系统在复杂曲面数模过程中得到广泛应用,但不能同时保证较低的测量不确定度指标和复杂曲面数模结果的各向光顺性.文章采用双目视觉和十字光配置扫描测量方案,在有效降低测量不确定度指标的同时,利用正交配置的十字光平面,改善了复杂曲面数模结果的各向光顺性.针对十字光双目外极线约束匹配可能存在的多义性问题,提出了附加光平面约束,有效剔除了误匹配点.实验结果表明:该十字光匹配方法可行、具有较好的精度,为后续准确高效地进行空间三角测量奠定了基础.     

光电跟踪系统高精度模板匹配跟踪算法

为实现在光电跟踪系统条件下的高精度测量并且满足复杂环境下高精度目标匹配，本文选用去均值归一化互相关匹配算法。为提高匹配速度以及跟踪实时性，利用和表法计算公式中图像求和、平方和图像匹配互相关来简化计算复杂度；采用小波分层金字塔法作为搜索策略，并将模板质心作为参考点进行十字形搜索，引入终止阈值减少误匹配点进一步提高搜索速度。为验证该算法的有效性，实验中将光电跟踪系统放置在二维转台上，调整转台利用该算法跟踪目标靶板。实验结果表明，目标脱靶量控制在3个像素以内，该算法在光电跟踪系统上可实现高精度稳定跟踪。     

基于三坐标测量机的副反射面测量技术

针对高频反射面天线中对其表面精度要求高的问题,提出了基于三坐标测量机的副反射面测量方案。通过理论分析给出了副反射面测量过程中三坐标测量机的采点方案,将曲面测量转化为曲线测量;讨论了测量数据处理中测头半径补偿和曲线匹配等关键问题,消除了系统误差的影响,提高了测量精度;得到了被测副反射面的表面精度,并用图形表示出来。理论和实验表明该测量方案的有效性。     

机载激光雷达系统的特征及其优势分析

机载激光雷达系统可以快速高精度、高密度地获取地面影像及其匹配的三维点云坐标数据,具有POS定位技术,无需(或少量)地面控制即可获取像片的外方位元素,直接用于高精度的3D产品生产,可简化复杂工序,减少外业测量工作量,降低成本,缩短航测成图周期。     

基于局部曲率分布图的曲面自动配准

基于局部曲率分布图(RCM),提出了一种曲面自动配准方法。首先通过匹配RCM建立不同曲面间的匹配点对;然后在匹配点对中搜索满足几何约束的匹配点对子集,计算初始配准位置;最后用最近点迭代法对曲面做精确配准和验证。实验证明,该方法能有效地将扫描曲面自动配准,对曲面噪声不敏感,有较高的配准成功率和配准速率。     

基于极线校正的亚像素相位立体匹配方法

针对双目结构投影光栅相位法三维测量系统中立体匹配的效率与精度问题,提出了基于极线校正的亚像素相位立体匹配方法。首先,通过外极线校正算法将双目立体视觉几何结构校正为平视双目标准几何结构,使匹配点对在左右相机上的成像点位于同一水平线上。然后,采用双线性内插法获取校正后新相位图像对,并提出一种基于相位区域匹配的立体匹配算法,获得初始匹配点。最后,提出采用最小二乘拟合将初始匹配点附近3×3邻域内的相似度量拟合为一个二次曲面,然后求解得到该曲面的局部最小值,得到与待匹配点相位相同的右摄像机匹配点坐标。通过对标准平板平面度进行测量与精度分析,表明该方法能够快速、准确的实现立体匹配。     

形心匹配优化下的狭长空间近距离轨迹测量系统

在基于双目视觉的三维轨迹测量中,双目同名点的高精度匹配是提高测量精度的关键。在狭长空间的近距离测量场景下,针对双目拍摄角度不同导致仅用形心法定位匹配的轨迹测量精度不高的问题,研制了一种形心匹配优化下的狭长空间近距离轨迹测量系统。首先,在仅用形心法对目标物体定位匹配的基础上利用极线约束投影进行双目形心的二次定位;其次,提出了一种基于距离和方法权重的灰度互相关方法进行双目形心的亚像素匹配;最后,通过卡尔曼滤波对于目标物体的三维重建运动轨迹进行滤波修正。实验结果表明：该轨迹测量系统通过对多方法组合优化,显著提高了狭长空间近距离条件下的轨迹测量精度,在128 mm的全量程测量范围内对纹理较好目标物体的平均轨迹长度测量误差为13.14μm,测量精度约为0.01%,相比于仅用形心法定位匹配,轨迹长度测量精度提高了94.3%。     

大气探测激光雷达自适应收发匹配系统

在中高层大气激光雷达观测中，收发匹配效果的好坏直接影响激光雷达回波信号的质量，收发匹配技术是制约国内外中高层大气激光雷达技术发展的瓶颈。开发了一种自适应收发匹配算法以及配套的软硬件系统，能够在电控镜架可调节范围内，以任意位置为起点实现3 min内的盲调匹配，匹配效果与专业操作人员手动调整的效果相当。该算法能够通过实测回波廓线自适应地选择探测范围、调整方向和步长，在确保高精度收发匹配的基础上，大幅度地减少了调节步骤，实现了高精度、高效率的自动收发匹配。该算法以及配套的软硬件系统为激光雷达的日常观测提供了重要的技术支撑，同时也为后续激光雷达自动化和智能化运行打下了坚实的基础。     

新产品、新技术简讯

日本夏普公司开发出3D LCD日本夏普公司开发出了一种新型 LCD,即3D LCD,这种 LCD 能产生三维(3D)图像,现在不需要配戴专用眼镜。此种显示器能以电动方式进行2D(平面方式)显示和3D(立体方式)显示之间的转换。据夏普公司称,这种3D LCD 的开发不仅能产生新型专用的3D 显示器件,而且也能与现有的LCD 产品一起使用。这种新型3D LCD 将普通薄膜晶体管 LCD(TFT-LCD)与该公司的专有的开关式 LCD 结合在一起。     

一种高效的灰度图像真彩化方案

提出了一种高效的灰度图像真彩化方案。该方案的关键技术包括:YUV亮色分离、采样点序列去冗余精简和基于像素空间相关性的匹配点搜索。YUV亮色分离技术在复杂度低、计算量小的同时,有效去除了RGB颜色空间中存在的相关性。通过去除采样点序列的数据冗余,节省了后续整幅目标图像的匹配点搜索时间。利用图像像素点的空间相关性进行匹配点搜索,提高了搜索效率和准确性。经实验验证,本文算法在取得和Welsh算法相近效果的同时,可以节省50%～70%的彩色化处理时间。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks