三角网格曲面孔洞修补算法

针对反求工程中由于点云数据的不完整而产生的三角网格孔洞,提出了一种三角网格模型孔洞的空间修补算法。在提取孔洞边界特征后进行边界预处理,建立孔洞边界特征平面,并将孔洞边界向该平面投影;逐次寻找投影多边形中夹角最小的对应空间边界点作为网格生长点进行修补,直至新增的三角网格覆盖原有的孔洞;以孔洞边界周围的网格顶点作为采样点,对新增的孔洞网格顶点位置进行最小二乘拟合调整,以实现孔洞的准确修补。通过实例验证,说明该方法具有较好的孔洞修补精度和稳定性。     

保持尖锐特征的多边形网格模型孔洞修补方法研究

针对由点云数据重建得到的多边形网格模型存在孔洞的问题,提出了一种保持尖锐特征的多边形网格模型孔洞修补算法.首先,利用基于径向基函数的插补方法获得能够近似地逼近孔洞区域的光滑隐式曲面.然后,利用正则化匹配算法对该隐式曲面进行三角化,完成孔洞填充曲面片与原始模型的孔洞边界的缝合.最后,针对孔洞边界存在尖锐特征进行特征增强处理.实验结果证明,该算法对多边形网格模型的孔洞修补取得良好效果,并能够有效地恢复孔洞区域包含的尖锐特征.     

基于RBF神经网络的三角网格曲面孔洞修补

针对由测量数据重建得到的三角网格曲面存在孔洞的问题,提出了一种基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的修补方法.该方法首先检测出孔洞,通过对孔洞特征多边形实施三角化获得新增三角片顶点;在孔洞边界周围采集三角片顶点,将其作为样本点集来训练RBF网络;将训练好的RBF网络用于新增三角片顶点坐标的优化,最终实现孔洞的修补.修补实例表明,该算法对流形曲面上封闭孔洞的修补精度较高,修补效果良好.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的三角网格修补算法

为实现点云数据孔洞区域的修补,提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的三角网格曲面孔洞修补算法。首先检测出孔洞,采集孔洞边界周围的三角片顶点作为学习样本训练最小二乘支持向量机模型;然后对孔洞多边形进行平面填充,获得新增三角片的顶点,并用已训练好的最小二乘支持向量机模型将其优化,最终实现孔洞的修补。实验结果表明,该方法的精度和处理速度优于人工神经网络,具有一定的实用性,为孔洞修补研究提供了一种新思路。     

三维封闭三角网格模型的缺失实体孔洞修复算法

提出一种针对三维封闭三角网格模型的缺失实体孔洞修复算法,由初始导引点出发,根据几何特征搜索孔洞边界,并以水平集方法扩展边界,获取目标问题区域。基于边界采样和投影方法建立代理曲面,实现了内环三角化细分和三维网格表面的自由变形。通过合并环间区域和引入边缘约束的平滑过程,得到缺失实体孔洞的上缝合面。在此基础上向内扩展,获取孔洞下表面边界轮廓,搜索出上下边界环之间的三角网格区域,并利用同样的方法构建缺失实体孔洞的下缝合面。最终,连接上下缝合面以及两个边界轮廓环之间的三角网格区域得到修复实体。试验制作的样件表明,算法能简化人工交互设计的步骤,生成高质量的修补结果。     

网格曲面数控加工编程分型线提取算法

针对复杂网格曲面分型线提取精度和效率不高的问题,根据非封闭自由曲面和封闭自由曲面的拓扑信息和几何特点,提出了2种基于投影方法的分型线提取算法. 对非封闭模型,首先将模型投影到平面并重新三角网格化,然后提取投影三角网格的边界,最后以平面三角网格的边界为检索信息在原始网格中检索得到自由曲面的分型线. 对封闭模型,根据模具分模的几何原理,提出通过建立封闭自由曲面凹模和凸模离散几何模型的方法提取封闭自由曲面的分型点,然后通过一环邻域点搜索法对分型点排序,得到分型线. 实验结果和数据分析表明,两种方法可以精确、高效地提取非封闭和封闭自由曲面的分型线,并可以确保分型点都是三角网格曲面的顶点.     

有限元网格孔洞的自动填充算法

本文介绍了一种利用网格孔洞的边界元而有效填充网格孔洞的算法。由于在孔洞的修补过程中 ,修补网格的信息不完整 ,所以 ,修补后的网格形状很大程度上依赖于修补算法和初始信息的确定。本文阐述了一种简单而有效的网格孔洞的修补算法。用该算法所生成的网格保持了在孔洞边界的光滑过渡 ,并可以满足一般机械制造工程上的需要 ,在快速原型制造、有限元分析中有重要的实际应用价值。     

基于隐式曲面和域分解的多边形网格模型孔洞修补

针对多边形网格模型中存在的复杂形状孔洞,提出了一种基于隐式曲面插补和域分解方法的孔洞修补算法。首先,利用径向基函数定义一张光滑的隐式曲面,完成不完全多边形网格模型孔洞区域曲面的构造;其次,利用域分解方法将多边形网格模型的域空间分解成若干子域,并完成子域局部问题的求解;最后,子域局部解考虑其权重系数后可获得模型全局解。任意拓扑的复杂多边形网格模型的孔洞修补实例验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于变分隐式曲面的三角网格孔洞修补

针对三角网格模型存在的孔洞问题提出一种基于变分隐式曲面的孔洞修补算法。首先,利用孔洞边界信息构造插值孔洞边界的变分隐式曲面并将其网格化,得到初始孔洞网格,再利用边界点裁剪初始孔洞网格,最后把裁剪后的孔洞网格与初始网格拓扑合并,完成孔洞修补。算法充分考虑了孔洞周围的信息,使得孔洞网格与原始网格光滑连接,取得了比较好的效果。     

全冠义齿网格过渡算法研究与应用

针对全冠义齿数字化设计时外冠和内冠过渡融合的问题,提出了一种新的网格过渡算法。首先提取外冠和内冠网格边界进行桥接形成封闭孔洞;然后根据定义的三角片插入规则插入新的三角片填充孔洞,构造初始过渡网格;最后投影到由边界顶点插值得到的隐式曲面上,投影点构成新的过渡网格,将其与外冠和内冠拓扑合并形成完整的全冠义齿修复体。用过渡算法得到的网格面片分布均匀,三角片质量较好,而且过渡边界光顺自然,具有较好的连续性。     

Recovery of distal hole axis in intramedullary nail trajectory planning

In intramedullary nail (IMN) surgical operations, one of the main efforts for surgeons is to find the axes of two distal holes. Two distal holes on an IMN, which are inside the intramedullary canal of a patient's femur, can only be seen in a lateral X-ray view. For the standard surgical procedure, the localization of the distal hole axes is a trial-and-error process which results in a long surgical time and large dose of X-ray exposure. In this paper, an algorithm to derive the three-dimensional position and orientation of the distal hole axis was developed. The algorithm first derives the nail axis through two X-ray images. Then the distal hole axis is calculated through projecting back the hole boundary on the X-ray image from a lateral view to three-dimensional space. A least-squares method is used to determine the centres of the front hole and the back hole through iteration. The algorithm has been tested with real data and it was robust.     

Electro-elastic fields of piezoelectric materials with an elliptic hole under uniform internal shearing forces

The existing investigations on piezoelectric materials containing an elliptic hole mainly focus on remote uniform tensile loads. In order to have a better understanding of the fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials under different loading conditions, theoretical and numerical solutions are presented for an elliptic hole in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials subjected to uniform internal shearing forces based on the complex potential approach. By solving ten variable linear equations, the analytical solutions inside and outside the hole satisfying the permeable electric boundary conditions are obtained. Taking PZT-4 ceramic into consideration, numerical results of electro-elastic fields along the edge of the hole and axes, and the electric displacements in the hole are presented. Comparison with stresses in transverse isotropic elastic materials shows that the hoop stress at the ends of major axis in two kinds of material equals zero for the various ratios of major to minor axis lengths; If the ratio is greater than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is smaller than that in elastic materials, and if the ratio is smaller than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is greater than that in elastic materials; When it is a circle hole, the shearing stress in two materials along axes is the same. The distribution of electric displacement components shows that the vertical electric displacement in the hole and along axes in the material is always zero though under the permeable electric boundary condition; The horizontal and vertical electric displacement components along the edge of the hole are symmetrical and antisymmetrical about horizontal axis, respectively. The stress and electric displacement distribution tends to zero at distances far from the elliptical hole, which conforms to the conclusion usually made on the basis of Saint-Venant’s principle. Unlike the existing work, uniform shearing forces acting on the edge of the hole, and the distribution of electro-elastic fields     

反求工程三维特征提取技术的研究进展

对当前反求工程关键技术之一的特征提取技术进展作了综述．特征提取分为边界特征提取和过渡特征提取,前者分为基于点云的提取和基于三角网格的提取;后者分为等半径过渡特征提取和变半径过渡特征提取．分析和比较不同提取技术的优缺点,最后再介绍一种用于提取变半径过渡特征的多阈值精度比较法．     

Exact solutions for piezoelectric materials with an elliptic hole or a crack under uniform internal pressure

The existing investigations on piezoelectric materials containing an elliptic hole or a crack mainly focus on remote uniform tensile loads.In order to have a better understanding for the fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials under different loading conditions,theoretical and numerical solutions are presented for an elliptic hole or a crack in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials subjected to uniform internal pressure and remote electro-mechanical loads.On the basis of the complex variable approach,analytical solutions of the elastic and electric fields inside and outside the defect are derived by satisfying permeable electric boundary condition at the surface of the elliptical hole.As an example of PZT-4 ceramics,numerical results of electro-elastic fields inside and outside the crack under various electric boundary conditions and electro-mechanical loads are given,and graphs of the electro-elastic fields in the vicinity of the crack tip are presented.The non-singular term is compared to the asymptotic one in the figures.It is shown that the dielectric constant of the air in the crack has no effect on the electric displacement component perpendicular to the crack,and the stresses in the piezoelectric material depend on the material properties and the mechanical loads on the crack surface and at infinity,but not on the electric loads at infinity.The figures obtained are strikingly similar to the available results.Unlike the existing work,the existence of electric fields inside an elliptic hole or a crack is considered,and the piezoelectric solid is subjected to complicated electro-mechanical loads.     

支持概念设计的表面蒙面算法

提出一种针对任意多边形边界内嵌任意形状、任意多个内特征的“递归式”三维平面三角划分方法 ,该算法主要应用于产品概念设计中零件的可视化处理。在提出“有效线段”概念及相关三维平面“内外点的判定”方法的基础上 ,提出针对不同内外特征形状的一整套三角划分方法。较之一般的三角剖分算法 ,本方法着重提高了算法的简单性、通用性及处理问题的有效性 ,本文的研究成果已成功应用于“86 3”课题 :基于广义映射原理的绿色产品设计自动化软件系统中     

基于协方差矩阵的点云孔洞边界检测

逆向工程中点云模型孔洞边界的检测是孔洞修补的前提,完美的孔洞轮廓线有利于提高孔洞修补的质量.参照二维图像中边界的定义,给出了三维模型中点云孔洞边界的定义,并且提出了一种简单的孔洞轮廓线生成算法.首先,通过分析邻域点协方差矩阵特征值之间的关系,提出了一种边界点检测算子,用于初步提取孔洞特征点;然后,综合考虑邻域点最大特征...     

汽车半轴楔横轧机辊系特性边界元法分析

在三维弹性接触边界元法基础上,根据半轴楔横轧机所采用双列圆锥滚子轴承的特点,开发了半轴楔横轧机滚动轴承边界元法专用计算程序,对汽车半轴楔横轧机辊系在不同结构下轴承载荷分布特性和辊系弹性变形特性进行较系统分析,找到了保证轴承载荷均匀分布和辊系挠度最小的最优辊系结构。研究结果为优化和设计汽车半轴楔横轧设备提供了有效的数值分析方法和理论依据。     

Performance of Hydrostatic Textured Thrust Bearing with Supply Holes Operating with Non-Newtonian Lubricant

The present article proposes a technique to improve the performance of textured hydrostatic thrust bearings with the use of oil supply holes. The article provides a comparison between smooth and surface-textured hydrostatic thrust bearings. To get an accurate prediction of the caviation regime, the Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson (JFO) mass conservation algorithm has been used instead of the Reynolds boundary conditions. It has been observed that surface texture results in a significant decrease in friction power loss along with an improvement in other performance parameters. The study also reveals that the location of the supply hole for the lubricant system significantly affects the bearing performance.