Efficient Content-Based Image Retrieval through Metric Histograms

This paper presents a new and efficient method for content-based image retrieval employing the color distribution of images. This new method, called metric histogram, takes advantage of the correlation among adjacent bins of histograms, reducing the dimensionality of the feature vectors extracted from images, leading to faster and more flexible indexing and retrieval processes. The proposed technique works on each image independently from the others in the dataset, therefore there is no pre-defined number of color regions in the resulting histogram. Thus, it is not possible to use traditional comparison algorithms such as Euclidean or Manhattan distances. To allow the comparison of images through the new feature vectors given by metric histograms, a new metric distance function MHD( ) is also proposed. This paper shows the improvements in timing and retrieval discrimination obtained using metric histograms over traditional ones, even when using images with different spatial resolution or thumbnails. The experimental evaluation of the new method, for answering similarity queries over two representative image databases, shows that the metric histograms surpass the retrieval ability of traditional histograms because they are invariant on geometrical and brightness image transformations, and answer the queries up to 10 times faster than the traditional ones.     

文本检索方法驱动的海量图像数据库目标匹配研究

针对当前基于文本检索方法的图像目标对象匹配技术无法适应海量图像数据库检索的问题,本文提出一种有效可行的海量图像数据库的检索方法,并给出了该系统的构建框架。用户通过在图像中选择一块区域作为检索的目标对象提交给系统,它将从图像数据库中检索出包含有相同或相似目标对象的图像,将其排序后返回给用户。实验表明,本文提出的方法具有检索准确率高、响应时间短等特点,是一种有效的海量图像数据库检索方法。     

基于马尔可夫随机场的纹理图像并行分割

基于消息传递接口（Message Passing Interface,MPI）和消息传递并行编程模型,提出了一种针对计算机集群（Cluster）的纹理图像并行分割算法。该算法使用马尔可夫随机场作为纹理特征,通过将图像分块,把特征提取的计算量均匀的分布到并行系统中的各个节点上,从而极大地减少了计算时间。在遥感图像上的实验发现,该算法在4机并行的环境下可以取得与单机串行程序一样精确的分割,而耗时仅为串行程序的31.95％。令人满意的实验结果表明该并行算法不但可以有效的应用于纹理图像分割,而且也为使用计算机集群实现高时间复杂度的图像处理提供了有益的启示。     

基于多尺度卷积特征融合的肺结节图像检索方法

为了解决肺结节图像检索中特征提取难度大、检索精度低下的问题,提出了一种深度网络模型——LMSCRnet用于提取图像特征。首先采用多种不同尺寸滤波器卷积的特征融合方法以解决肺结节大小不一引起的局部特征难以获取的问题,然后引入SE-ResNeXt块来得到更高级的语义特征同时减少网络退化,最后得到肺结节图像的高级语义特征表示。为满足现实中大数据量检索任务的需求,将距离计算及排序过程部署到Spark分布式平台上。实验结果表明,基于LMSCRnet的特征提取方法能够更好地提取图像高级语义信息,在肺结节预处理数据集LIDC上能够达到84.48%的准确率,检索精度高于其他检索方法,而且使用Spark分布式平台完成相似度匹配及排序过程使得检索方法能够满足大数据量检索任务需求。     

Fault detection and isolation of the three-tank system using the modal interval analysis

Analytical redundancy is a widely used technique for fault detection. It consists of comparing the behaviour of a real system with a reference obtained by simulation of its model. The main problem is that there are always imprecisions and uncertainties which are not represented in the model so the behaviour of the real system and the behaviour of the model are not exactly the same. One way to represent these uncertainties in the model is using interval models. The results of the simulation of these types of models may be represented by envelopes. This paper proposes an approach to generate envelopes based on interval techniques of the modal interval analysis. As an example, this approach is used to detect and isolate faults in a physical system formed by three interconnected tanks.     

基于内容的图像检索技术研究

介绍了基于内容的图像检索与文本关键词检索的不同，阐述了基于内容图像检索的基本原理、检索方式和关键技术以及医学图像检索方法。     

Development of a sensor for surface state measurements using experimental and numerical modal analysis

The characterization of the surface state becomes an increasing necessity for many industries. This paper presents a patented measurement method [M.A. Bueno, S. Fontaine, M. Renner, Dispositif Pour Évaluer L’état de Surface d’un Matériau et Procédé de Mise en œuvre Dudit Dispositif, Patent No. PCT/FR01/01770, 2000], which is able to evaluate the surface state of materials. This method gives roughness–friction criteria and is based on the principle of a tribometer of type “blade-disc”, where the analysed surface is the disc. The sensor is an active element, which vibrates according to its vibrating modes. This work shows how experimental and numerical analysis has allowed optimizing its gage instrumentation and its geometry. Moreover, the modal analysis and the building of a numerical model have set up the coupling between mechanical solicitations of the tested surface and mechanical responses of the sensor in each mode. Finally, an example of measurement of known surfaces is illustrated to explain the results of this study and the efficiency of this measurement method.     

小波分析在基于内容的图像检索技术中的应用

简要介绍了小波分析的基本理论及基于内容的图像检索技术,重点阐述了小波分析在图像的特征提取(纹理、目标形状等)上的应用,并展望了基于内容的图像检索技术今后的主要研究方向。     

Adaptive segmentation of noisy and textured images

An image segmentation algorithm is described which is based on the integration of signal model parameter estimates and maximum a posteriori labelling. The parameter estimation is based on either a maximum likelihood-based method for a quadric signal model or a maximum pseudo-likelihood based method for a Gauss-Markov signal model. The first case is applicable to standard grey-level image segmentation as well as segmentation of shaded 3D surfaces, while the second case is applicable to texture segmentation. A key aspect of the algorithm is the incorporation of a coarse to fine processing strategy which limits the search for the optimum labelling at any one resolution to a subset of labellings which are consistent with the optimum labelling at the previous coarser resolution. Consistency is in terms of a prior label model which specifies the conditional probability of a given label in terms of the labelling at the previous level of resolution. It is shown how such an approach leads to a simple relaxation procedure based on local pyramid node computations. An extension of the algorithm is also described which performs accurate inter-region boundary placement using a step-wise refinement procedure based on a simple adaptive filter. The problem of automatic determination of the number of regions is also addressed. It is shown how a simple agglomerative clustering idea, again based on pyramid node computations, can effectively solve this problem.     

Automatic Annotation and Retrieval of Images

Although a variety of techniques have been developed for content-based image retrieval (CBIR), automatic image retrieval by semantics still remains a challenging problem. We propose a novel approach for semantics-based image annotation and retrieval. Our approach is based on the monotonic tree model. The branches of the monotonic tree of an image, termed as structural elements, are classified and clustered based on their low level features such as color, spatial location, coarseness, and shape. Each cluster corresponds to some semantic feature. The category keywords indicating the semantic features are automatically annotated to the images. Based on the semantic features extracted from images, high-level (semantics-based) querying and browsing of images can be achieved. We apply our scheme to analyze scenery features. Experiments show that semantic features, such as sky, building, trees, water wave, placid water, and ground, can be effectively retrieved and located in images.     

基于小波分解的纹理图像检索

纹理相似性研究是基于内容检索研究中的一个重要组成部分。采用树状小波分解的方法在相应的能量准则下对图像进行分解，并使用了主成分分析算法来压缩特征向量的维数，而且结合Tamura等人提出的、与人类视觉感知相对应的3个重要纹理特征来形成对图像进行精确描述的特征矢量。实验结果表明，该算法具有较强的应用价值。     

Modeling and Retrieval of Moving Objects

This paper presents a symbolic formalism for modeling and retrieving video data via the moving objects contained in the video images. The model integrates the representations of individual moving objects in a scene with the time-varying relationships between them by incorporating both the notions of object tracks and temporal sequences of PIRs (projection interval relationships). The model is supported by a set of operations which form the basis of a moving object algebra. This algebra allows one to retrieve scenes and information from scenes by specifying both spatial and temporal properties of the objects involved. It also provides operations to create new scenes from existing ones. A prototype implementation is described which allows queries to be specified either via an animation sketch or using the moving object algebra.     

Retrieval by classification of images containing large manmade objects using perceptual grouping

This paper applies perceptual grouping rules to the retrieval by classification of images containing large manmade objects such as buildings, towers, bridges, and other architectural objects. The semantic interrelationships between primitive image features are exploited by perceptual grouping to extract structure to detect the presence of manmade objects. Segmentation and detailed object representation are not required. The system analyzes each image to extract features that are strong evidence of the presence of these objects. These features are generated by the strong boundaries typical of manmade structures: straight line segments, longer linear lines, coterminations, “L” junctions, “U” junctions, parallel lines, parallel groups, “significant” parallel groups, cotermination graph, and polygons. A K-nearest neighbor framework is employed to classify these features and retrieve the images that contain manmade objects. Results are demonstrated for two databases of monocular outdoor images.     

综合颜色和空间信息的图像检索

提出了一种组合颜色、空间信息的图像检索方法,用颜色块直方图来表达图像的颜色特征;通过提取颜色块的质心、分布方差聚散度等特征得到图像的空间特征。实验结果表明,基于组合特征的图像检索方法要优于单纯的基于颜色或者空间特征的方法。     

基于聚类的图像视觉内容检索和索引

图像是一种典型的可以大量获取的多媒体数据，对它们进行内容管理具有实际意义，描述在BOIC系统中提出并实现的基于聚类机制的图像视觉内容检索和索引方法．首先给出以视觉特征、空间结构、语义注释等来表示图像内容的模型；然后给出基于该模型的三个检索算法，包括基于视觉感知的颜色检索算法、轮廓检索算法、主色调扩展检索算法；最后给出采用集簇算法时媒体数据进行聚类的索引机制．它建立聚类索引表来缩小查询范围，从而提高了检索效率。     

目标边界点集的层次化描述及其形状检索应用

提出用于轮廓线形状和区域形状图像检索的形状描述方法,该方法将目标形状的边界（包括内边界）表示为一个无序的点集,沿各方向对点集的迭代分割,建立层次化的边界点集描述模型.通过对各层形状边界的分割比和分散度的几何特征度量,产生各层的形状特征描述,对它们进行组合,建立对目标形状的层次化描述.两个目标形状的差异性度量定义为它们的层次化描述子的L-1距离.该方法具有：（1）通用性.能够描述轮廓线形状和区域形状这两种不同类型的形状;（2）可扩展性.基于所提出的分层描述框架,可以将分割比和分散度这两种几何度量进行扩展,纳入更多其他几何特征度量,以进一步提高形状描述的精度;（3）多尺度描述特性.提出的分层的描述机制,使得描述子具有内在的由粗到细的形状表征能力;（4）较低的计算复杂性.由于仅仅计算目标图像的边界像素点,使得算法具有较高的计算效率.用MPEG-7 CE-2区域形状图像库和MPEG-7 CE-1轮廓线形状图像库这两个标准测试集对该方法进行评估,并与同类的其他形状描述方法进行比较,实验结果表明：提出的方法在综合考虑检索精确率、检索效率和一般应用能力等指标的情况下,其性能上要优于各种参与比较的方法.     

基于内容的图象检索系统的设计与实现

依据当前对图象查询的要求,本文设计了一套完整的基于内容的图象信息检索系统,该系统较以往的各种系统,功能更加全面。对基于内容的图象信息检索算法作了研究．重点阐述了对颜色、边缘、纹理等全局特征的提取与匹配算法。实验结果表明,该系统能有效、快速地检索大规模的图象数据库,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于文本与语义相关性分析的图像检索

为了更加有效地检索到符合用户复杂语义需求的图像，提出一种基于文本描述与语义相关性分析的图像检索算法。该方法将图像检索分为两步：基于文本语义相关性分析的图像检索和基于SIFT特征的相似图像扩展检索。根据自然语言处理技术分析得到用户文本需求中的关键词及其语义关联，在选定图像库中通过语义相关性分析得到“种子”图像；接下来在图像扩展检索中，采用基于SIFT特征的相似图像检索，利用之前得到的“种子”图像作为查询条件，在网络图像库中进行扩展检索，并在结果集上根据两次检索的图像相似度进行排序输出，最终得到更加丰富有效的图像检索结果。为了证明算法的有效性，在标准数据集Corel5K和网络数据集Deriantart8K上完成了多组实验，实验结果证明该方法能够得到较为精确地符合用户语义要求的图像检索结果，并且通过扩展算法可以得到更加丰富的检索结果。     

Recognition of coloured and textured images through a multi-scale neural architecture with orientational filtering and chromatic diffusion

The aim of this paper is to outline a multiple scale neural model to recognise colour images of textured scenes. This model combines colour and textural information in order to recognise colour texture images through the operation of two main components: a segmentation component composed of the colour opponent system (COS) and the chromatic segmentation system (CSS); and a recognition component formed by an ARTMAP-based neural network with scale and orientation-invariance properties. Segmentation is achieved by perceptual contour extraction and diffusion processes on the colour opponent channels based on the human psychophysical theory of colour perception. This colour regions enhancement along with their local textural features constitutes the recognition pattern to be sent to the supervised neural classifier. The CSS accomplishes the colour region enhancement through a multiple scale loop of oriented filters and competition–cooperation mechanisms. Afterwards, the neural architecture performs an attentive recognition of the scene using those oriented filters responses and the chromatic diffusions. Some comparative tests with other models are included in order to prove the recognition capabilities of this neural architecture and how the use of colour information encourages the texture classification and the accuracy of the boundary detection.