超重力反应沉淀法制备超细二氧化硅

以水玻璃和硫酸为原料，采用超重力反应沉淀法合成了超细二氧化硅粉体。研究表明：与传统搅拌槽反应器相比，在超重力反应器内，二氧化硅沉淀反应的时间可大大缩短（缩短至10min以内）；通过产品分析测试发现，所得到的二氧化硅产品具有粒径小（〈20nm）、粒度均匀、比表面积大、孔径分布较窄等特点，并具备能提高与高分子材料的相互作用的中大孔结构。     

超重力反应沉淀法制备纳米钛酸锶的性能表征

以四氯化钛、氯化锶和氢氧化钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法与超重力反应器相结合的超重力反应沉淀法制备纳米钛酸锶粉体,应用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、TG-DTA等一系列手段进行表征.结果表明:在实验条件下,用超重力法制备的纳米SrTiO3粒径为10～40 nm,晶型为立方相.与相同条件下采用直接沉淀法制备的产品相比,超重力法制备的粉体粒径更小,粒度分布更窄,表面颗粒完整,边界清晰.     

超重力反应结晶碳化法制备球形碳酸钙

超重力反应结晶法在碳酸钙制备中具有强化传质作用、产品粒度分布窄等优点。本文以高浓度氢氧化钙浆液作为原料,氯化铵与L-谷氨酸为添加剂,使用超重力反应器成功制备粒径分布较为均匀、形貌较为规整的球形碳酸钙。探究了各因素在超重力反应结晶法制备碳酸钙中的影响,通过改变添加剂的量与超重力因子等考察球形碳酸钙的最佳制备条件。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和静态颗粒图像分析等测试手段对碳酸钙产物进行分析,并通过在反应过程中抽样测试的方法探究反应全过程中添加剂对碳酸钙的影响。结果表明,所制备的碳酸钙为粒径约500nm、晶型为球霰石的球形碳酸钙,同时在L-谷氨酸和氯化铵添加量分别为氢氧化钙质量的4%与20%、超重力因子为161.0的条件下所制备的球形碳酸钙形貌最为规整。     

超细氧化钇粉体的制备

湿化学法制备超细粉体时，反应、分离、干燥以及灼烧都不同程度地影响粉体的粒径及团聚。在传统的草酸沉淀法制备氧化钇基础上对溶液的浓度、pH值以及表面活性剂的选择和用量、颗粒的表面电位进行了考察研究，确定了反应过程中影响粉体粒径的各个因素，得到一次粒径50－100nm，平均粒径0.521μm，晶型良好且具有单分散趋势的超细氧化钇。     

超重力技术制备分散性碳酸锂超细粉体

针对传统沉淀法中存在的问题,提出了一种新的液液反应制备碳酸锂的技术——超重力-旋转填料床制备超细碳酸锂粉体,考察了反应器稳定时间、转盘转速、进料速度和陈化时间对产物粒径分布的影响,并将之与夹套反应器最优化结果进行对比,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和马尔文粒度分析(Malvern)对产物的形貌和粒径进行表征。研究结果表明,超重力技术制备超细碳酸锂粉体的最佳工艺为:反应器稳定时间2 min、转盘转速3 000 r/min,流速250 mL/min、陈化时间6 h;超重力技术强化了微观混合,相比传统方法制备出的产品形貌较好,无杂相,粒径分布更加均一,达到了电池级碳酸锂对粒径分布的要求。     

液相沉淀法制备超疏水纳米白炭黑

以水玻璃为原料,采用硫酸制备纳米白炭黑,并利用硅烷偶联剂S i-75对纳米白炭黑进行疏水改性。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、红外光谱和热重分析对纳米白炭黑进行表征。粉末X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果显示,纳米白炭黑为非晶态二氧化硅;通过透射电镜（TEM）分析可知,改性后的纳米白炭黑分散性更好,团聚降低,白炭黑一次粒径在20 nm-40 nm,粒子之间相互连接形成链枝结构附聚体;红外光谱（FT-IR）和热重分析（TG）显示,硅烷偶联剂S i-75成功地接枝到纳米白炭黑。活化指数（99.6%）的测定表明,合成的纳米白炭黑具有超疏水性。     

络合沉淀法制备高纯纳米二氧化钛

以硫酸氧钛和乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）为原料，采用络合沉淀法在撞击流一旋转填料床反应器内制备了高纯纳米二氧化钛粉体。用TEM和XRD对粉体的形貌和晶相进行了表征，并分析了EDTA对产品纯度和产率的影响。结果表明：引入EDTA可以有效控制粉体粒径，有利于固液分离，实现产物高纯化。所制备的二氧化钛粉体分散性较好，平均粒径为50～60nm，纯度为99．87％；控制不同的焙烧温度可以得到不同晶相的氧化钛。     

超重力硫酸沉淀法白炭黑的连续化生产研究

对超重力硫酸沉淀法生产白炭黑进行了连续化实验研究,通过改变硫酸的质量分数、旋转床转子的转速和硅酸钠的流量,探索出了这些工艺条件对白炭黑粉体性能的影响.所得产品经透射电镜、BET比表面积、DBP吸油值等测试,结果为:产品平均粒径在10 nm左右;随硫酸质量分数的增加,比表面积先增加后减小,吸油值则相反;随旋转床转速的增加,比表面积先减小后增大,吸油值大致呈减小趋势;硅酸钠的流量对产品比表面积的影响不大.     

螺旋通道型旋转床可控制备超细氢氧化镁

用螺旋通道型旋转床(rotating bed with helix channels,RBHC),采用超重力法制备了分散均匀的片状超细氢氧化镁.考察了加料方式对产品分散性的影响及氨镁摩尔比对产品的收率和形貌的影响.通过扫描电镜、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、热重-差热分析仪对样品进行表征.结果表明:采用反向加料可较好改善片状氢氧化镁的分散性;当氨水与氯化镁摩尔比为6:1时样品为规则六方片状,平均粒径为0.7 μm;用RBHC超重力法能可控地制备出超细氢氧化镁,与传统搅拌釜反应沉淀法相比,反应时间缩短至原来的1/8,生产能力至少增加7倍.     

均相沉淀法制备纳米Al2O3先驱体

以分析纯硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为原料，采用均相沉淀法制备纳米Al23先驱体。结果表明，溶液的混合方式，超声振动，陈化时间对粉体的尺寸和形貌有很大的影响。采用先缓慢滴加，然后喷雾混合的方式可获得平均粒径为10mm的NH4Al(OH)2CO3粉体，并对粉体进行了扫描电镜（SEM），透射电镜（TEM），比表面积（BET），X射线衍射（XRD），红外光谱分析（IR），热重／差热（TG／DTA）等表征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。