卫星广播接收装置的G/T直接测定法

本文着重介绍一种不需要断开天线和接收机,直接测量卫星广播接收装置性能指数——G/T值的新方法。以前G/T的测量方法是分别测量天线的增益G和接收装置的噪声温度T之后计算得出的,但这种方法对于最近市场上出售的天线与高频头一体化型接收装置的G/T值测量就无法采用了。采用本文介绍的直接测量方法,可以实现G/T的直接测量。这种测量方法,不受测量系统噪声带宽特性的影响,又因为天线的电压驻波比(VSWR)对G/T值中G和T的影响是同样存在的,所以测量精度要比以前的方法高一些。本文介绍了测量原理、测量要点、测量误差及其消除方法,给出了实验结果。直接测量法和分别测量法所得到的结果,可以满足到0.4dB精度以内。     

载噪比直接法测量卫星转发器G/T值的精度研究

阐述利用载噪比直接法测量卫星转发器天线品质因数G/T值的原理,对测试链路进行建模分析,研究大气损耗、天线方向跟踪误差给测量精度带来的影响。最后给出利用载噪比直接法测量卫星转发器G/T值的实例,与卫星转发器的出厂测试值进行对比,结果表明二者吻合度较高。     

G/T值自动化测试

G/T值是卫星地面接收系统的一项重要指标,常规测试方法耗时、费力、计算量大。通过工程实践详细论述利用射电星法测量地面大型天线系统的G/T值的原理及计算方法,论证G/T值自动化测试的可行性,并对测试过程中引入的测量误差进行了分析,给出G/T值自动化测试的实现方法及测试结果。该方法具有自动化程度高、测试指标精度高、测试速度快等特点,可广泛应用于各种卫星地面接收、航天测控等设备。     

天线增益及地球站G/T值测试的比较法

某些情况下,由于天线的机动性受限,不能应用常规的测试方法测试其G/T值,针对这种情况,本文提出并论证了使用卫星信标比较法测试其天线增益及地球站G/T值的可行性及正确性,同时指出产生测试误差的可能原因及减小误差的方法。目前,该方法仍然是这种情况下的唯一选择。     

用金牛座测量X 波段18 米地面站天线G/T 的可行性分析

本文简述了利用射电源测量地面站G/T 的特点及其原理方法。给出了大气吸收衰减和波束展宽修正的计算公 式。依据X 波段18 米天线的技术特性,分析计算了利用金牛座测量18 米地面站天线的最小Y 因子。分析结果表明： 利用射电源测量X 波段18 米地面站的G/T 是切实可行的。     

一种改进的有源集成天线设计方法

提出了一种改进的有源集成天线设计方法. 通过有源模块在有源集成天线模型中的反向嵌入,在电磁仿真软件CST提供的瞬态场路联合仿真平台中实现远场辐射特性仿真;通过引入零阻抗的虚拟端口,完成有源集成天线的双端口网络模型等效变换,实现有源电路特性更为准确的计算. 在模型分析基础上提出了改进的设计方法,采用该方法完成了分别满足增益均衡和G/T值均衡两个约束准则的多频有源集成天线设计,并对G/T值均衡的有源集成天线进行加工和测试. 实测结果和仿真结果趋势一致,验证了改进的有源集成天线设计方法能够在不同准则要求下设计有源集成天线,对抑制设计误差、提高设计效率和改善有源集成天线的特性有积极的意义.     

双镜天线的主副镜扩展研究与设计

为了解决现有设计方法在设计天线副镜为中小电尺寸时,天线性能难以达到预期的问题,并进一步提高天线G/T值的目标,研究了反射镜感应电流在副镜、主镜边缘截断对天线辐射性能的影响,分别提出了副镜边缘扩展和主镜边缘扩展2种设计方法,并对2种方法设计的天线进行仿真计算。计算结果显示,2种设计方法有效地改善反射镜边缘电流的连续性,其中副镜扩展设计可用于提高天线的增益,主镜扩展设计可用于提高天线G/T值。     

在G/T值测量中选择射电源的三原则

总结了我们多年来在用射电天文方法测量天线系统G/T值或G值中的三项原则,即“看得见”、保精度和跟得上,这对于实际工作很有指导意义。     

载噪比直接法测量地球站G/T值的精度研究

本文阐述了利用卫星信标或未调制的测试载波直接测量地球站G T值的原理和方法。研究了其测量精度 ,给出了载噪比修正的实验研究曲线 ,且对G T值的测量误差进行了分析和估计。分析结果表明 :G T值测量的均方根误差为± 0 55dB。最后 ,给出了利用载噪比直接法测量地球站G T值的实例 ,且同间接法测量结果进行了比较 ,二者吻合很好。     

K 波段喇叭天线增益的预测及外推法实测验证

为了研究采用基于远场Friss公式建立起来的传统三天线法测量天线的增益时所引起的误差、有限测量距离误差修正值的误差情况,以及我国常用来验证测量结果时所采用的解析式的误差,该文针对K波段的标准增益喇叭天线的增益,分别采用三种解析式(Jull公式、Schelkunoff公式以及Rao公式)和两种数值计算方法(矩量法-MoM和时域有限积分法-FITD)来进行计算,并提供了外推法(又称为广义三天线法)实测结果来做比较分析。为了说明外推法法测量结果的准确性(U=0.04dB,k=2),在附录中简介了外推法的测量原理。分析结果表明,对于K波段喇叭天线而言,在用于验证传统三天线法的测量结果的准确性时,由解析式计算的天线增益"理论值"需要慎重;而采用全波分析方法并考虑了喇叭壁厚影响的计算结果则比较准确。     

频谱分析仪在射电法测量天线增益和G／T值中的应用

本文给出了频谱分析仪在射电法测量天线增益和Ｇ／Ｔ值中的应用方法以及计算公式，并对测量误差进行了分析，讨论了ＬＮＡ的噪声温度与Ｙ因子大小的关系，给出了对测量精度的影响和常用不同频段可测天线口径的下限。     

New method for direct G/T measurement using satellite signals

A new possible method for direct G/T measurement using satellite signals is described. A formula for calculation of G/T from Y-factor and down link EIRP measurement is developed. The potential of the method for low G/T measurement is illustrated with possible applicability to Intelsat Standard B and C and ECS earth stations. Possible disadvantages are commented on.     

Direct G/T Measurement for Satellite Broadcasting Receivers

A new G/T measurement method for receivers which are used for direct broadcasting from a satellite is proposed. By this method, G/T can be obtained without measuring G and T values separately. Therefore, this method, which can be called a direct method, can be adopted for the G/T measurement for integrated antennas, wherein an antenna and a receiver are unseparably combined, while the conventional method can not be adopted nder these circumstances. Besides,-o special test equipment is required for this method. This method can achieve more accurate G/T data because the result is independent from noise bandwidth or signal time response of test equipments. This paper describes the principle of the method, practical test procedure and some notes on how to avoid measurement errors. Some experimental results are also presented, which show that G/T values determined by this method agree with those obtained by the conventional method within 0.4 dB.     

Gain and G/T of multielement receive antennas with activebeamforming networks

A basic system-level model for the gain and G/T of active multielement receive antennas is presented that covers arbitrary beamforming networks and direct radiating arrays, as well as array-fed systems with one or more focusing elements (reflectors or lenses). Since the model is based on measurable parameters and uses definitions, which are consistent with conventional communication system analysis terms, it can be applied directly to the analysis and design of systems using such antennas and can be used to support the specification, design, and test of such antennas as well, measurement possibilities for the basic parameters are discussed and the characteristic parameters of generic active beamforming networks are derived and compared. Finally, the impact of the different parameters on the overall antenna gain and G/T is illustrated by one application example that covers a reconfigurable multifeed reflector antenna with selectable beamwidth. The presented theory has been verified successfully in the frame of a classified EHF antenna development whose details cannot be reported here     

一种紧凑型双圆极化有源接收天线设计

设计了一种S波段紧凑型双圆极化有源接收天线,该有源接收天线将微带贴片天线与90°混合电桥、低噪声放大器集成设计,既实现了有源天线的整体小型化又提高了各器件间的连接效率;并通过背馈玻璃绝缘子和一种半差分的方式馈电,在改善微带贴片天线方向图对称性的同时,简化了传统差分式馈电的复杂结构.仿真和实测结果表明,该有源接收天线在2.2~2.3 GHz内端口驻波比小于1.47,噪声系数小于0.73 dB,主瓣内轴比小于2.4 dB,G/T值大于-13.9 dB/K,与已有公开文献的有源接收单元天线相比,在保持结构紧凑的同时,其G/T值有较大幅度提升.     

馈源整体制冷技术在深空测控系统中的应用

深空探测器通信距离遥远,其返回信号微弱,因此要求接收天线具备尽量高的品质因数(G/T).下行链路设备工作在低温环境中,有利于降低噪声温度,提高系统G/T值.针对35 m深空测控天线,首先分析了Ka频段天线增益、外部和内部噪声在此基础上提出了Ka频段馈源整体制冷方案,并对馈源不制冷和馈源整体制冷两种方案进行了比对分析最后总结了超低温馈源设计和制造关键技术.馈源整体制冷系统噪声温度测试结果小于45 K.分析表明采用馈源整体制冷方案能够提升系统G/T值1.03 dB,35 m深空测控天线Ka频段接收能力提高约21%.     

天线增益频带特性确定的一种简单方法

介绍了用卫星源法测量卫星通信地球站天线的特点。简述了利用3dB和10dB波束宽度确定地球站天线增益的原理和方法。提出了利用外推法确定天线增益频段特性的一种简单方法。对波束宽度法测量增益的误差进行了分析和估算,其均方根误差±0.387dB。最后给出了某工程应用的C波段15m地球站天线增益测量结果,增益测量结果与理论计算结果吻合很好。     

Satellite system measurements

This paper describes the measurement techniques employed to test the elements of a communications satellite system. Techniques for measuring the gain-to-noise-temperature ratio (G/T) of an earth station antenna are presented. The measurement of earth station polarization characteristics is discussed extensively in terms of the new requirement for frequency reuse on orthogonal polarizations. Methods for in-orbit measurement of spacecraft performance including antenna characteristics are included, as well as some typical experimental results.     

Accurate measurement of small input resistances using aconventional network analyzer

Precise and accurate measurement of input resistance is essential to characterize small antennas whose input resistance is very small. However, this is very difficult because uncertainty, which includes imprecision and inaccuracy, sometimes exceeds the resistance being measured. A method for precise measurement of small input resistance using a conventional network analyzer is presented. Inaccuracy, which includes an actual conductor loss of the antenna under test (AUT), manufacturing error, and the residual systematic errors is then estimated. The former two sources of inaccuracy are obtained by comparing a radiation efficiency measurement of a small loop antenna using the Wheeler cap method with a calculated radiation efficiency. Using these values in the calculation of the input resistance, a true input resistance is acquired. Finally, the actual value of the residual systematic errors for each instrument is estimated by comparison between the true input resistance and the measurement