甘薯全粉研究进展

甘薯全粉是近年新兴甘薯产品,我国甘薯资源丰富,较适合在我国进行规模生产。该文分析甘薯全粉概念,介绍甘薯全粉生产工艺、品质特性及在食品加工中应用,并展望我国甘薯全粉市场前景,指出发展甘薯全粉加工有利于推动我国甘薯产业良性发展。     

马铃薯生全粉无硫护色及其流变特性研究

本研究联合一种新型无硫护色工艺与闪蒸技术制备低糊化度无硫马铃薯生全粉。实验结果表明:当无硫护色剂选取0.45%(m/m)柠檬酸和0.15%(m/m)半胱氨酸复配护色35 min,所制得马铃薯生全粉的亮度值最佳(L*=91.57),且多酚氧化酶抑制率可达93.7%。此外,通过与市售马铃薯熟全粉加工特性的比较,发现低糊化度马铃薯生全粉保持了较好的糊化特性和凝胶特性,G'、G″显著降低,tanδ增大。综上所述,无硫马铃薯生全粉具有更好的流变特性,有利于其在马铃薯主食化加工生产中的应用。     

甘薯全粉加工工艺及质量标准研究

研究了一种新的、设备投资少的甘薯全粉加工工艺;提出了甘薯全粉的主要质量指标,对细胞完好率作为质量指标的必要性提出了质疑.     

甘薯全粉加工关键技术研究进展

甘薯全粉是新鲜甘薯经脱水干制、粉碎等工艺加工而成的粉状散粒体,它最大限度地保持了新鲜甘薯的营养价值和风味,市场前景广阔。文中对甘薯全粉的生产工艺进行了综述,并重点阐述了去皮、护色、降低淀粉游离率和干燥等关键技术的国内外研究进展,以期推动甘薯全粉加工业的进一步发展。     

甘薯中多酚氧化酶的研究

制备甘薯多酚氧化酶丙酮粉,并以分光光度法研究了多酚氧化酶作用的最适条件、动力学性质以及抑制剂和激活剂对酶活性的影响．结果表明:[1]最适作用温度为15．5℃和50℃;[2]最适作用pH为4．5;[3]适宜底物为儿茶酚;[4]以Cu2十为激活剂;[5]Vc和SO_2为强烈抑制剂．     

真空干燥法制备甘薯全粉

选用真空干燥方法制备甘薯熟制全粉,研究了真空干燥温度、浸钙浓度、蒸制时间和乳化剂添加量对甘薯熟制全粉游离淀粉含量的影响。利用正交试验优化了工艺参数,当干燥温度为40℃,浸钙浓度为25 mg/L,乳化剂添加量为0.2%,蒸煮时间为12 min时生产出的甘薯熟制全粉品质最好,游离淀粉含量为21.89%。     

甘薯全粉加工过程中防止细胞破壁工艺的研究

为减少甘薯全粉加工过程中细胞的破壁,降低其游离淀粉率,对不同条件下蒸煮过程中甘薯块破碎力、细胞游离淀粉率、细胞破碎的感官评价进行了研究,分析相关机理.结果表明:蒸煮时间、浸钙浓度、预热温度时间、乳化剂浓度这些指标不同程度地影响甘薯全粉的游离淀粉率.     

甘薯全粉加工过程中防止细胞破壁工艺的研究

为减少甘薯全粉加工过程中细胞的破壁,降低其游离淀粉率,对不同条件下蒸煮过程中甘薯块破碎力、细胞游离淀粉率、细胞破碎的感官评价进行了研究,分析相关机理。结果表明:蒸煮时间、浸钙浓度、预热温度时间、乳化剂浓度这些指标不同程度地影响甘薯全粉的游离淀粉率。      

制备甘薯全粉的热处理工艺优化研究

以碘蓝值为指标,单因素试验和响应面法相结合,研究制备甘薯全粉的最佳热处理工艺参数。结果表明:制备甘薯全粉的最佳热处理条件为预煮温度61℃,预煮时间15 min,蒸制时间12 min,热风干燥温度61℃,在此条件下制备的甘薯全粉碘蓝值最低(9.23)。     

甘薯全粉生产工艺及贮藏对全粉产率和营养影响的研究

本试验对甘薯全粉生产工艺及贮藏时间对甘薯全粉产率和营养成分的影响进行了研究,确定了以食用型甘薯为主生产全粉的工艺及操作要点,即甘薯去皮的最佳工艺条件为碱液浓度9%,温度95℃,时间5min;切成5mm厚的片,放入护色液中护色15min;分水后在40～50℃的温度下干燥,粉碎后过60目筛,得到全粉。为使甘薯全粉获得较高的产率和保证营养成分损失较少,甘薯的贮藏时间不能超过60d。     

紫薯-小麦混合粉的性质及在面条上的应用

紫薯全粉保留了鲜薯的色泽和营养,是极好的食品加工原料,能够弥补小麦粉营养结构单一的缺点。将紫薯粉添加到小麦粉中,对混合粉的特性及在面条上的应用进行了研究,结果表明：随着紫薯粉的添加量由0%增加到30%,混合粉的糊化温度由66.31℃上升至67.73℃;糊化黏度、崩解值和回生值均减小;面团稳定时间由18min下降至7.8min;紫薯面条煮沸损失率由7.2%上升至11.8%;最大拉伸应力、剪切应力及硬度均减小;面条色度变暗,色泽向紫红色渐变。紫薯粉最佳添加量为15%。     

不同干燥方式对紫薯全粉品质的影响

紫甘薯具有很高的营养价值,紫薯全粉的开发研究有利于其加工的扩大化和优质化。以紫薯为原料,通过鼓风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、真空干燥三种干燥方法对紫薯全粉的制备进行研究,探讨三种方式对于紫薯全粉基本化学成分、色差、碘蓝值、持水性和持油性、总花青素含量等品质的影响。通过对比实验得出结论,真空冷冻干燥对于紫薯全粉的基本化学成分、色差、碘蓝值、持水性和持油性、总花青素含量等品质的综合影响最小,真空干燥紧随其后。因此,为了保持紫薯全粉的完整性,同时考虑生产成本,在加工紫薯全粉过程中以真空干燥方法为最佳。     

Storage conditions affect quality of noodles with added soy flour and sweet potato

Summary Noodles were prepared from a formulation in which a portion of the flour was replaced with 10% defatted soy flour and sweet potato as 10% flour or 15% puree. Dried noodles were packaged in plastic bags under partial vacuum or air and stored at 4.4 °C or 22–30 °C for 6 months. Colour, β-carotene and sensory characteristics were analyzed at 2-month intervals. Packaging atmosphere had minor effects on colour. Stored noodles became lighter and yellower, and β-carotene decreased, with all changes being greater at 22–30 °C. Storage conditions influenced acceptability scores minimally. Noodles were stored successfully under air with greater quality retention with 4.4 °C storage.     

红薯及红薯叶综合利用及深加工技术

红薯是中国的主要粮食作物之一,对红薯及红薯叶综合利用及深加工技术研究进行综述,并展望未来红薯及红薯叶深加工技术及产品开发发展方向。     

Physicochemical properties of the starchy flour extracted from sweet potato tubers through lactic acid fermentation

The efficiency of starch extraction from sweet potato tubers was improved by lactic acid fermentation using a mixed culture inoculum. Study of the properties of the starchy flour showed that there was a significant reduction in the starch content and consequently the soluble and apparent amylose contents of fermented samples from all six varieties used. A fall in peak viscosity and viscosity breakdown was observed for fermented samples, while the pasting temperature was enhanced significantly. The fermented flour showed greater solubility and reduced swelling. Differential scanning calorimetry studies indicated a delay in gelatinisation and a fall in enthalpy of gelatinisation of the starch on fermentation. Unlike cassava, all the properties of the starch from sweet potato tubers, ie viscosity, swelling, solubility, gelatinisation temperature, amylose content and starch content, were affected by fermentation, and variation was also observed among cultivars. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

甘薯浓缩汁中淀粉的酶转化工艺研究

该研究立足国内丰富甘薯资源,解决甘薯浓缩汁中因淀粉引起沉淀问题,同时将甘薯淀粉转化为葡萄糖。以新型耐高温α–淀粉酶为液化酶和高转化率糖化酶糖化,研究影响甘薯淀粉液化、糖化因素,优化甘薯淀粉液化、糖化工艺参数。     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure to sweet potato flour on dough properties and characteristics of sweet potato‐wheat bread

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 100–400 MPa) for 20 min at 25 °C to sweet potato flour (SPF) on dough properties and characteristics of sweet potato‐wheat bread was investigated. The particle size of SPF after HHP was decreased significantly. The obvious rupture was observed in granules of SPF after HHP at 300 and 400 MPa by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After HHP, significant differences on endothermic peak temperatures (T_P) of SPF were observed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), of which the enthalpy change (ΔH) had a slight increase, expect that at 200 MPa. Gas retention of dough with SPF after HHP increased markedly from 1199 (0.1 MPa) to 1246 ml (100 MPa). Specific loaf volume of bread with SPF at 400 MPa was increased significantly, while the hardness and chewiness were reduced. Thus, SPF treated with HHP at 400 MPa could be potentially used in wheat bread production.     

全质紫甘薯汁护色增色技术

以紫甘薯为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究全质紫甘薯汁制备中的护色及增色技术。以L*(明度值)和△E*(总色差值)为标准,就3种单一护色剂(抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,富马酸)和复合护色剂对全质紫甘薯汁的护色及增色效果进行试验,并研究酶解过程对全质紫甘薯汁色泽的影响。试验结果显示:抗坏血酸、柠檬酸都有护色的效果,且复合护色剂的护色效果比单一护色剂好;(富马酸未能起到护色作用。最佳复合护色剂为:0.45%抗坏血酸+0.6%柠檬酸。此条件下护色后进行酶解,最终得到色泽清亮鲜艳且澄清的全质紫甘薯汁。     

甘薯格瓦斯饮料工艺条件的研究

以甘薯浆为原料,把从甘薯泡菜中分离得到的乳酸菌和啤酒酵母一起联合发酵,制得既有营养又有保健功能的格瓦斯饮料。并通过正交试验确定了最佳工艺参数。