四川煤的两液相法除灰脱硫研究

本文叙述研磨时间、溶剂、添加剂及其用量对两液相法净化煤的影响,比较了相同条件下不同煤样的净化结果.随煤种不同,除灰率达38～80%,减硫率为14～69%,无机硫脱除率为60～90%,并考察了净化过程中溶剂的分布情况.     

溶剂沉降法脱除煤沥青中的喹啉不溶物

喹啉不溶物(QI)是煤焦化过程中带入的固体杂质,煤沥青中喹啉不溶物的脱除对于煤沥青的深加工非常重要。采用溶剂沉降法脱除煤沥青中喹啉不溶物,考察了溶剂配比、沉降温度、沉降时间以及溶剂种类对净化沥青QI含量和收率的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,温度越高,越有利于QI的脱除,当温度达到160℃以上对沉降的影响较小;以洗油与煤油调制的混合溶剂较单纯溶剂油有更好的沉降效果;沉降时间越长,QI脱除率越高,净化沥青的收率越低。     

低煤级煤中部分元素有机亲合性的定量研究

运用逐级化学提取方法研究了低煤级煤中Co,Ni,Cr,V,Sb等11种元素有机亲合性，结果表明：1）低煤级煤中存在有机态的微量元素，不同元素的有机亲合性差异较大，不同样品中同一元素的有机亲合性也存在一定差异，这可能与煤中该元素的丰度和性质，成煤地质条件有关；2）低煤级煤中与煤大分子结合的w(Co),w(Ni),w(V),w(Sb)的平均值为13％，80％，69％，36％，33％，与胡敏酸结合的平均值为30％，6％，17％，13％，与富里酸结合的平均值为69％，3％，3％，21％，18％，3）低煤级煤中Zn,Cd,Cu,Pb等亲硫元素也表现出一定的有机亲合性，其中，与煤大分子结合的w(Zn),w(Cd),w(Cu),w(Pb)平均值为22％，21％，40％，23％，与胡敏酸结合的平均值为9％，7％，14％，与富时酸结合的平均值为20％，13％，22％，13％。     

黄磷尾气净化及综合利用技术进展

对黄磷尾气净化方法进行了综述,对净化后黄磷尾气的有效的利用途径进行了全面分析,指出黄磷尾气的净化技术已经成熟,最有效的净化方法是催化氧化法,黄磷尾气净化后的气体,最有效的利用途径是生产化工产品.利用羰基合成（含变换合成气）制碳一化工产品是全面利用磷炉尾气的根本途径和发展趋势.     

光触媒TiO2催化机理及空气净化方法探悉

研究了光触媒TiO2催化净化方法和具有光催化TiO2装置的中央空调系统.提出了光催化TiO2净化装置在中央空调系统中应用的技术方案.对光催化TiO2装置的催化作用机理、反应过程以及对环境的净化功能和净化效率进行了论述.     

用湿法磷酸制纯磷酸一铵

采用两步法对未经浓缩的混法磷酸进行净化研究。首先于酸中加入适量的硫酸钠和磷矿粉以部分脱氟和除硫酸根,然后用氨中和滤流以深度脱氟和除去金属离子。净化液经浓缩到适当密度后冷却结晶,即可获得所需纯度的磷酸一铵产品,净化过程所产含磷滤渣可返回磷铵肥料生产系统。     

基于移动Agents树的最大净化

讨论了移动Agents树的最大净化问题.介绍了在一般网络拓扑结构中移动Agents净化问题的基本方法,树的最大净化节点数量的计算以及设计了最优的Agents移动算法.     

几种煤用浮选剂的比较

在1.5升的实验室浮选机中研究了五种浮选剂对攀枝花煤的浮选效果,以及淀粉添加剂,pH、原煤粒度、浮选时间等对浮选的影响。     

低喹啉不溶物含量煤沥青的研制及其炭化行为探讨

以煤焦油为原料，选用正已烷和苯混合溶剂，通过溶剂萃分离和蒸馏，制备得到喹啉不溶物含量净化煤沥青。在不同条件下对所制取的低喹啉不溶物含量煤沥化热处理，分析了净化沥青的炭化行为。将净化沥青炭化产物制成光片，观测其显微组织结构特征和中间相球体的生长发育。判定作为针状焦和碳纤维原料的可能性。     

煤浆电解制氢工艺条件研究

煤炭的清洁利用和产氢是电解煤制氢气的两大优势,其实际消耗的能量仅是电解水制氢的1/3～1/2,在实际应用中,不仅降低了成本而且避免了煤燃烧带来的环境污染.本论文探讨了煤浆电解过程中煤颗粒大小、硫酸浓度、铁离子及搅拌速率对煤电解制氢工艺的影响;采用线性伏安扫描法和计时电流法进行电化学测试,电流密度越大,煤的电解效率越高....     

Cleaning of South African coal using a compound dry cleaning apparatus

The compound dry cleaning principle is briefly described. A beneficiation test on South African coal was conducted using a model compound dry cleaning apparatus. Excellent results were obtained and the optimum operating parameters were determined. They are: an amplitude of 3.0 ram, a motor frequency of 47.5 Hz, an air volume of 50%, a transverse angle of 7°, and a longitudinal angle of -2°. These conditions yield a clean coal containing 11% ash and a coal production of 75%. The organic efficiency, η, is 95.86%. These results show that the South African coal can be separated effectively by compound dry cleaning, which will popularize the compound dry cleaning method.     

中国煤炭资源洁净潜势评价指标探讨

进行煤炭资源洁净潜势的评价研究,是从源头上控制煤源污染、从而达到合理开采和洁净利用煤炭资源目标的重要工作和必由途径。煤中有害物质种类、有害物质毒性、有害物质迁移能力以及我国现行的环境保护标准等指标,是建立我国煤炭资源洁净潜势评价体系时应当考虑的主要内容。     

Parametric study of electrostatic separation of South African fine coal

The fact that water requirements are a major problem for present and future developments in material beneficiation, and the construction of a new power plant in South Africa, forms the basis for the utilization of a Rotary Triboelectrostatic Separator (RTS) for beneficiation of South African pulverized coal. The cleaning potential of Majuba and Koorfontein coal was first evaluated using kinetic froth flotation tests on the -177μm coal fraction. The RTS tests were conducted under varied process parameters. Parameters such as applied separating voltage, air injection velocity, particle feed rate and splitter position were investigated. Two stage separation results show that the RTS reduced Majuba coal initially containing about 30% ash to a clean product of 14.30%, or 19.46%, ash at a combustible recovery of 15.10%, or 53.02%, respectively. Similar separation performance was also achieved with the Koorfontein coal. The mineral and organic compositions in the feed, after single stage and after the second stage separations were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show a better separation for the second stage coal products.     

空气分级与空气重介流化床分选联合工艺研究

分析了固体颗粒在气-固流化床中的受力情况和运动方程，通过理论分析和实验得出了空气重介流化床分选入料的适宜粒级。讨论了空气重介流化床分选对入料粒度上下限的控制方法和存在问题，介绍了潮湿原煤空气分级新方法。试验表明，空气分级对潮湿原煤颗粒表面的煤粉有“清洗”作用，脱粉效果好，粗粒产物中含粉率仅为0.2%。这对控制入料粉量，稳定流化床密度和减少介质净化非常有利；空气分级还有分选作用，就试验煤种而言，其细粒级产物灰分比原煤中同粒级灰分降低1.7个百分点，比原煤灰分降低7.5个百分点，空气分级和空气重价流化床分选结合，可优化干法选煤工艺，降低工程投资和分选成本50%以上。     

化学清洗废水处理技术的研究进展

化学清洗废水是指工业领域去除生产设备金属表面因安装或运行过程形成的污垢而产生的废水。水质因清洗对象、清洗方式和清洗剂的不同而复杂多变,并且处理困难。通过对实际酸、碱清洗废水的水质特性分析,研究了不同清洗废水中特征污染物的处理技术,并提出了废水处理的相关管理建议。     

反渗透系统的硫酸钙污染及清洗

通过单一污染物试验,分析了不同浓度硫酸钙进水对反渗透膜系统的污染过程,指出了膜表面硫酸钙的过饱和度是决定其污染速度的关键因素.通过分析比较纯水冲洗和化学清洗对不同浓度硫酸钙污染的清污效果,表明了高浓度硫酸钙快速污染的可恢复性.     

Combined Removal of Surface Moisture and Dust from Feed Coal for Coal Dry Cleaning with an Air-solid Fluidized Bed

A demonstration plant and a commercial plant employing coal dry cleaning technology with an air-solid fluidized bed were built in China. The operation practice of these two plants shows that the surface moisture and the fines or dust of feed coal must be well controlled as low as possible. For this purpose, a new process of combined removal of surface moisture and dust from feed coal using a vibrated fluidized bed dryer was investigated in a batch test apparatus and a pilot test system. A mathematical model on drying kinetics of coal surface moisture was developed and three empirical formulas of the model coefficient involving the main operating variables were determined based on the test results from the batch test apparatus. The mathematical model shows that the surface moisture retained in coal during drying decreases exponentially with drying time. According to this model, a new divisional heat supply mode, in which the inlet gas of higher temperature was introduced into the fore part of the dryer and the inlet gas of lower temperature into the rear part of the dryer, was employed in the pilot test system. The pilot tests show that 1） the new divisional heat supply mode is effective for lowering down the average temperature and reducing the total heat loss of the outlet gas off the dryer, 2） the moist coal of about 60 g/kg surface moisture contentcan be dried to about 10 g/kg, and simultaneously the fines （〈1mm in diameter） adhering to the surface of coarse coal particles are completely washed off by the gas flow.     

Damage and deterioration mechanism and curing technique of concrete structure in main coal cleaning plants

Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Da-tun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian mine of the Xuzhou Mining Group Co. Ltd. In these projects, the operating environment and reliability of concrete structures in the main plants of the three companies were investigated and the safety of the structures inspected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the spe-cial natural, technological and mechanical environments around the structures. On the basis of these analyses, we discuss the long-term, combined actions of the harsh natural (corrosive gases, liquids and solids) and mechanical environments on concrete structures and further investigated the damage and deteriorating mechanisms and curing techniques of concrete structures in the main coal cleaning plants. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for ensuring the reliability of concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants.     

气化参数影响气流床煤气化的模型研究(Ⅰ)--模型建立及验证

为评价和优化气流床煤气化中的气化方案和气化参数,从化学动力学角度并结合化学平衡,依据气流床特性建立了气化动力学模型.该模型考虑了煤热解和气化所经历的各反应过程,如C-O2、C-H2O、C-CO2、C-H2等异相反应以及挥发分燃烧、水煤气平衡、甲烷蒸汽重整等均相反应.模型对三个工况的计算结果与实验实测数据吻合较好;同时对气流床煤气化整个气化过程(氧化、还原和平衡三阶段)的模拟合理、正确,表明所建模型可以用于预测气化参数对气流床煤气化的影响特性.     

环境友好型石油石化污水油泥处理剂

为了更好地处理采油、集输以及炼油过程中产生的含油污泥，同时符合当前环境友好型化学品在石油石化工业发展的趋势，在污水处理领域使用环境友好且低毒无毒的化学试剂是十分重要的。介绍了一种新型油泥清洗剂，相比传统的清洗剂，新型油泥清洗剂采用了天然的化学品衍生物（环保型植物溶剂占主要成分），具有低毒、污染小、清洗效率高的特点，使用温度比现场使用温度降低5~10 ℃，可以进一步降低能耗。在复合清洗剂的协同作用下，清洗后油泥中残油率在2％左右，具有广泛和优良的应用前景。