发挥纤检作用，促进亚麻汽车坐垫产业发展

在黑龙江省纺织业中．亚麻拥有种植、加工、纺织、服装和制品一条龙的产业链．并在原料、生产、技术、人员等方面在全国占有较大的优势。尤其是近几年来．亚麻编织品——汽车坐垫．正以迅雷之势在全国蔓延扩张。     

科技创新只是一个新的开始——记“广东广益科技实业有限公司”的科技创新之路

"广益"是做什么的?不是因为对广益不熟悉,而是在越来越多的场合出现了广益的身影,在焙烤行业、在坚果炒货行业、在肉制品行业、在休闲食品行业、在油脂行业、在农产品储存、在包装行业、在食品机械行业、在生物医药行业……,以至于很多广益的老朋友、老客户都发出这样的询问。广益公司于2006年开始,从中堂广益食品添加剂升级为东莞广益食品添加剂,再于2011年初,一步到位地跃升为广东广益科技。这好象是在向行业的朋友们诠释,广益不是单纯的食品添加剂企业;广益已经不是5年前的广益;广益发展快速、稳健;广益是高科技企业,注重科技创新;是以高科技的产品和人性化的服务与新老客户共同进步的企业。     

5亿级企业须深耕样板市场——对话安徽运漕酒厂副总经理李建斌

在白酒王国安徽省,除第一阵营古井贡、口子窖、迎驾贡、金种子、皖酒王、高炉家、文王贡、宣酒等品牌外,还有由沙河王、老明光、运漕、金裕皖、雅韵皖、缘酒等众多品牌组成的第二阵营。在这第二阵营中的企业大多都在3亿左右徘徊,在一线品牌的阴影下始终难以实现突破。但近年来,运漕酒厂在第二阵营中表现抢眼,2008年的销售收入才4900万,2009年就实现破亿,     

玉器鉴赏 不同历史时期的玉器特点

古玉鉴赏 原始社会至汉代以前的玉器称为古玉。原始社会的玉器非常吕盛，在东北有兴隆洼文化、红山文化玉器；在中原有裴李岗文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化玉器；在四川有三星堆文化、大溪文化玉器；在两湖地区有石家河文化玉器；在安徽有凌家滩遗址玉器，     

迷人的53°——茅台,一瓶酒的新年与出生

新年伊始,在北乐、在上海、在广州、在深圳、在杭州,在无数中国人重要的聚会上,茅台酒已经是具有仪式感的情感见证。与此同时,在贵州仁怀市茅台镇,我们正迎来茅台第一轮次基酒的诞生。清晨6点,室外温度0℃左右,在茅台制酒车间,工人们已经开始忙碌。     

方正全能印厂邀您体验三大应用

<正>11月14日—17日,在全印展上,方正电子将全面展现全能印厂在商业印刷、书刊印刷、包装印刷领域的落地应用,实现从"流程体验"到"应用体验"的转变。在书刊印刷领域,方正全能印厂以资源、订单、客户为中心,通过书刊制作与按需印刷云平台将消费者、出版社、发行商、印刷厂、物流配送等服务对象紧密联系在一起,提供订单、生产、结算、物流全流程不间断的服务体系。在商业印刷领域,方正全能印厂帮助印刷     

裕隆达 综合实力领跑进口葡萄酒行业

在同质化、同构化竞争愈发激烈的当下，在行业发展滞慢、消费者选择疲乏等弊病出现的今天，进口葡萄酒行业危机四伏。而如何在危机当前转危为安、发掘行业新蓝海，便需要企业在综合实力方面有着过硬的本事、高人一筹的战略眼光。     

2014依视路AM ERA大会迪拜举行32国逾1400代表出席

正本刊讯未来就是现在!2014年5月12~15日,以"在变革中探索"为主题的2014依视路AMERA大会在迪拜亚特兰蒂斯度假酒店举行,来自中国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、日本、韩国、新加坡、印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾等32个国家的1400多名经销商、专家和依视路员工代表,围绕在"在变革中探索",以"转变、适应、参与"为主题,通过主题发言、     

品味伦敦最“IN”的英伦美食文化

在都市里,吃是一件大事。因为在空间有限、创意无限的城市之中,食物不只是食物,食物既是娱乐的管道、也是深刻的文化体验、更是我们对于城市最实在的记忆。其实,在伦敦,英国的经典、英国的前卫、英国的放荡不羁都表现在餐饮之中。     

改制后书刊印企应注意的几个问题

一大批诞生在计划经济时期的国有书刊印刷企业,在微利时代,彰显出多种不适应,体制陈旧、机制僵化、效益下滑、举步维艰、濒临倒闭.于是,在政府有关部门的主导之下,纷纷进行改革、改制.或股份制、或民营化、或公司制改造.     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

红车轴草不同部位中异黄酮含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法对红车轴草不同部位(花、茎和叶)中四种主要异黄酮(鸡豆黄素A、芒柄花黄素、染料木素和大豆黄素)的含量进行了测定,结果表明:以占干物质计,4种异黄酮总量,叶中含量最高(0.856%),茎次之(0.403%),花中含量较低(0.258%)。鸡豆黄素A和芒柄花黄素是红车轴草中两种最主要的异黄酮,主要分布在叶中,其次是茎,花中含量较低。染料木素和大豆黄素,无论是花、茎还是叶,含量均较低。     

我国不同生态区云烟97烟叶主要品质性状差异分析

为掌握云烟97在我国不同生态区烟叶的主要品质性状差异,系统分析了云南曲靖（清香型烟区）、贵州毕节（中偏清香型烟区）和重庆武隆（中间香型烟区）3个烤烟种植生态区云烟97烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、风格特征和烟气品质。结果表明,贵州毕节烟叶烟气品质综合得分最高,中部叶干草香香韵、香气质、香气量和透发性得分显著高于云南和重庆,还原糖含量和烟气浓度显著高于重庆;云南曲靖烟叶外观质量最好,中部叶总氮含量、氮碱比值以及烟气飘逸感得分均显著高于贵州和重庆,烟气浓度和劲头得分居中,清香型特点显著;重庆武隆烟叶外观质量居中,中部叶总植物碱含量、烟气刺激性、干燥感和悬浮感得分均显著高于云南和贵州,而糖碱比和余味得分则显著低于云南和贵州,中间香型特点显著。由云南经贵州向重庆方向,云烟97烟叶清甜香韵和烟气飘逸感逐渐减弱,木香香韵和烟气悬浮感逐渐加强。     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

Retention of mineral constituents in frozen brassicas depending on the method of preliminary processing of the raw material and preparation of frozen products for consumption

The content of ash, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined in four species of brassicas: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and green and white cauliflowers. The investigation covered the raw material, the material blanched or cooked before freezing and frozen products after 12 months of refrigerated storage and prepared for consumption. Frozen products were obtained by the traditional method of freezing the blanched material or by the modified method of freezing the cooked material. The processing of vegetables before freezing (washing, grinding, blanching or cooking) caused statistically significant decreases in most constituents analysed. Blanching did not basically change the content of sodium and calcium; or that of chromium in both types of cauliflower; copper and nickel in white cauliflower; and nickel and phosphorus in Brussels sprouts. Cooking in brine, however, caused increases in the content of ash, sodium and calcium in white cauliflower, decreases in the content of potassium and iron and, in some species, of the remaining constituents. In comparison with the traditional method, a greater content of most analysed elements was found in frozen products obtained by the modified technology and prepared for consumption. However, no significant differences were noted in the level of chromium in all the samples; in the level of calcium in broccoli and green cauliflower; of nickel in broccoli; of nickel, copper and zinc in white cauliflower; and of copper in green cauliflower.     

Distribution of chloramphenicol to tissues,plasma and urine in pigs after oral intake of low doses

Toxic effects of chloramphenicol in humans caused the ban for its use in food-producing animals in the EU. A minimum required performance level (MRPL) was specified for chloramphenicol at 0.3 μg kg^–1 for various matrices, including urine. In 2012, residues of chloramphenicol were found in pig urine and muscle without signs of illegal use. Regarding its natural occurrence in straw, it was hypothesised that this might be the source, straw being compulsory for use as bedding material for pigs in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated if low daily doses of chloramphenicol (4, 40 and 400 μg/pig) given orally during 14 days could result in residues in pig tissues and urine. A dose-related increase of residues was found in muscle, plasma, kidney and urine (showing the highest levels), but no chloramphenicol was found in the liver. At the lowest dose, residues were below the MRPL in all tissues except in the urine. However, in the middle dose, residues were above the MRPL in all tissues except muscle, and at the highest dose in all matrices. This study proves that exposure of pigs to chloramphenicol in doses occurring naturally in straw could result in residues above the MRPL in plasma, kidney and especially urine.     

Assessment of endogenous androgen levels in meat,liver and testis of Iranian native cross-breed male sheep and bull by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Androgenic steroids always exist in different animal tissues at trace level, with significant numbers of interfering compounds, which makes their determination difficult. To solve some of the problems in quantification of the natural steroids in those tissues, a new GC-MS method was developed in this study. By using a surrogate analyte approach, which was developed in the authors’ previous studies, and extensive sample preparation procedure, which successfully eliminates many of the interfering compounds and resulting in a cleaner extract, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity of the method for the determination of steroids in complex matrices such as meat, liver and testis were improved. By aid of this method, the levels of androgens in different tissues of Iranian native cross-breed bulls and male sheep were determined. According to the results obtained in the present study, although the androgenic profile (contents and ratios of precursors and metabolites to the main hormones) is similar between the same tissues of both animals, the total androgenic content of each tissue is higher in the bull than the same tissue in male sheep. In addition, in both animals higher amount of androgens were found in liver in comparison with meat and testis.     

酸汤对酸汤牛肉特征风味及品质的影响

研究酸汤（红酸汤、白酸汤、混合酸汤（红酸汤＋白酸汤））煮制对牛肉感官品质、pH值、色泽、水分含量、蒸煮损失率、嫩度、质构等理化特性的影响,并结合气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析酸汤牛肉挥发性成分,评价酸汤牛肉综合品质。结果表明,与对照组比较,酸汤可显著提高牛肉的嫩度和水分含量,降低牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性,改善牛肉的色泽和感官品质。白酸汤牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性最低,水分含量最高,红酸汤牛肉水分含量次之。红酸汤牛肉与白酸汤牛肉嫩度无显著差异,红酸汤可以显著提高牛肉红度值和黄度值。混合酸汤对牛肉亮度值提升效果较好。红酸汤和白酸汤中乳酸质量浓度最高,分别为23.27、4.90 mg/mL。酸汤牛肉中共鉴定出挥发性风味物质55 种,不同酸汤牛肉挥发性成分存在明显差异;与对照组比较,酸汤煮制牛肉可降低醛类物质相对含量,增加酯类、酸类和酮类物质相对含量,其中,红酸汤牛肉酯类和酸类物质相对含量较高,醛类物质相对含量较低,感官评分最高,口感风味最佳。红酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为乳酸乙酯、丁醛、乙酸、苯甲醛（二聚体）、2-甲基丙酸等;白酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为丙醇、2-丁酮、3-戊酮、丙酸等;混合酸汤牛肉以酮类物质为主要特征风味物质。与对照组相比,酸汤牛肉中部分风味物质增加,形成酸汤牛肉特有的特征风味。综上所述,红酸汤牛肉挥发性风味成分丰富,感官评价及综合品质更好,红酸汤是制作酸汤牛肉的适宜选择。     

不同收割期坛紫菜挥发性成分分析

通过电子鼻和SPME-GC-MS 方法对不同收割期的坛紫菜的挥发性成分进行分析,电子鼻实验表明不同收割期的坛紫菜挥发性成分差异明显;SPME 萃取坛紫菜的挥发性成分,通过GC-MS 分别从一水、二水、三水和四水坛紫菜中分离鉴定出35、38、51 和55 种化合物,其中以醛酮类和烷烃类为主,8- 十七烯、壬醛和己醛是坛紫菜中主要的挥发性物质;实验结果还表明一水和二水坛紫菜挥发性成分变化较小,质量较稳定,三水和四水坛紫菜挥发性变化较大,因此一水和二水坛紫菜适宜开发作为食品。     

Effects of applying sodium and sulphur fertilisers on the concentrations of elements in water leached from permanent pasture

The element composition of water leached from a perennial ryegrass pasture to which isonitrogenous quantities of sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate fertilisers had been applied in an experiment lasting 2 years is described. The experimental design also allowed a comparison of the immediate effects of sodium nitrate in the grazing season in which the fertiliser was applied with the residual effects of applying it in the previous year. Applying sodium fertiliser in either 1992 or 1993, but not both years, increased the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and cobalt and reduced those of phosphorus and molybdenum in leachate. The application of sulphur fertiliser reduced the concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and molybdenum in leachate. It also reduced the concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium, but only when sodium fertiliser was applied in 1992, and not when it was applied in 1993. It is concluded that sulphur fertiliser reduces the leaching of trace elements from the soil and that, in the long term, sodium fertiliser can amplify the effect of applying sulphur fertiliser. Sodium fertiliser in moderate quantities increased the leaching of the major divalent cations but reduced the phosphorus and molybdenum concentrations in leachate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry