共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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甘蔗糖厂工艺、动力、冷却、除尘、清洁等用水及套用(复用)是糖厂节约用水的重要环节,理顺各工序用水关系使其达到梯级组合用水是糖厂节约用水的关键。充分利用甘蔗自身水分和厂区内地表水完全能够解决糖厂生产用水的问题,从而达到零给外源水和零外排的目的。 相似文献
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一、前言 在酱油酿造过程中,各种生产用水均采用直接加热的方式。大多数厂沿用陈旧的蒸汽管道直接放出蒸汽的办法。用这种办法加热用水,设备笨重,噪声大,还要配备水泵及热水池。许多厂使用的加热用水泥池,由于蒸汽加热用水时引起的震动而被严重破坏,防水层脱落,水池出现裂纹,漏水,严重地影响了生 相似文献
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碱回收过程中非工艺元素氯和钾去除技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了减轻环境污染,全世界的制浆造纸厂都在不断改进工艺,加强工艺用水的循环利用和浆厂封闭用水,必然导致非工艺元素在回收系统中的积累,这些非工艺元素包括有氯和钾。氯和钾的积累会影响到碱回收炉的操作运行,主要表现在:频繁的洗炉;吹灰蒸汽的消耗量增加;碱炉的产汽能力降低;甚至设备腐蚀。在碱回收中配备一套“选择性结晶系统”,回收硫酸钠的同时有效地去除氯元素和钾元素, 相似文献
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Vidal G Becerra J Hernández V Decap J Xavier CR 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2007,104(6):476-480
Bleached kraft mill requires large quantities of water and chemicals reactives and generates effluents containing active organic compounds. Specifically, hormonal changes in fish and their communities have been demonstrated, which could be attributed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contained in kraft mill effluents. This chronic toxicity is attributable to extractive compounds, such as resin acids, sterols, and fatty acids. The goal of this work is to evaluate the methanogenic toxicity and anaerobic biodegradation of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. A continuously anaerobic filter (AF) was used for the anaerobic biodegradation of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. Three phases were evaluated. In phase I, an elementary chlorine-free bleached kraft mill effluent was fed to the reactor whereas in phases II and III, the effluent was supplemented with increasing stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol concentrations. The AF displays high performance in biological oxygen demand (BOD5) removal (up to 94%); however, only 50% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed. Simultaneously, the AF system shows a great ability to remove beta-sitosterols (77-100%) and stigmasterols (87-95%). No negative effect on the methanogenic activity inhibition was shown by beta-sitoesterols and stigmasterol. However, a mixture of beta-sitosterols and stigmasterols (ratio 1:1) caused a less than 10% reduction in methanogenic activity. 相似文献
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对生物精炼技术的概念和木材生物精炼工厂(IFBR)的路线进行了阐述。对传统硫酸盐法制浆造纸工厂如何转化为综合林业生物精炼工厂的原理进行了分析,总结出三种转化类型。详细介绍了近中性预抽提/制浆模式、酸性预水解/制浆模式和碱预处理纤维素糖化发酵生产乙醇模式。保留制浆造纸生产的综合林业生物精炼工厂将是近期主要的发展模式,可为传统造纸工厂带来额外的经济收益。在传统制浆之前进行预抽提,分离出的抽提液可以用来生产乙醇和乙酸及其它化学品,抽提后的木片进行制浆和漂白,对纸浆强度和光学指标没有不良影响,新增用于改造的投资回报率达到7.1%~13%。根据我国造纸工业特点,木材造纸工厂转化为IFBR工厂也将走保留制浆的发展模式;草类原料造纸工厂转化为生物精炼工厂具有一定的优势和可行性。 相似文献
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本文介绍一种造纸厂自制阳离子淀粉的方法。自制阳离子淀粉较市场阳离子淀粉价钱便宜。造纸厂自制阳离子淀粉可以采用连续法,也可以采用间歇法来制造。日本多采用连续法,我国可以采用间歇法,自制阳离子淀粉的质量取决于醚化剂,氢氧化钠用量,醚化温度、浓度和时间等。 相似文献
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Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization of river waters impacted by a tissue mill effluent 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Baker A 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(7):1377-1382
Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectrophotometry was applied to five neighboring rivers, including one that is impacted by wastewater from a large tissue mill, to determine if fluorescence spectrophotometry could be used to differentiate between the river waters. River water samples from both the tissue mill effluent and the impacted river, the Park Burn, exhibited significantly higher fluorescence intensity than the other sites. This fluorescence was dominated by tryptophan fluorescence and a fluorescence center possibly due to the presence of fluorescent whitening agents. In contrast, the three other rivers exhibited lower fluorescence intensities typical of river systems with tryptophan (sewage), humic-like (peat derived color), and fulvic-like (natural organic matter) sources. It is suggested that fluorescence EEM spectrophotometry has the potential to provide a useful tool for pollution detection, monitoring, and control of paper industry impacts on river systems. 相似文献
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对苏州某造纸企业新旧两条废水处理工艺的生命周期环境影响进行了对比研究。研究范围划定为:污水处理设施的建设阶段、运行阶段、污水处理设施的拆除阶段,通过统一的功能单位计算整理得到两条不同废水处理工艺的清单数据表。采用日本的AIST-LCAVer4评价软件进行影响评价,最终求得单一的生态指标:生态化的币值Yen。研究结果表明:上超滤前和上超滤后两套处理工艺的生态化币值分别为1.40Yen和1.15Yen,可见上超滤后对环境的影响比上超滤前的影响要小,其中药品对环境影响最大的为PAC的生产及使用。两套废水处理装置单项污染物排放量所占份额最大的是CO2,但上超滤后比上超滤前CO2的排放量下降了一半多,由原先的45.5kg/t纸降到21.9kg/t纸。造纸废水治理工艺的主要环境影响为城市空气污染、全球变暖、固体废弃物和资源消耗。我们认为,所获得的结论较为客观地反映了两种造纸废水治理工艺对环境的影响,可以作为中国造纸废水治理决策的参考依据。 相似文献