牛肉糕加工技术的开发与研究

介绍了牛肉糕的制作工艺,对肉的斩拌、烘烤、包装等制作工艺,辅料的加量和包装等方面进行了研究,成功地研制出风味独特,外形新颖,有别于其它肉制品的新型肉制品-牛肉糕。     

牛肉糕加工技术的开发与研究

介绍了牛肉糕的制作工艺,对肉的斩拌、烘烤、包装等制作工艺,辅料的加量和包装等方面进行了研究,成功地研制出风味独特,外形新颖,有别于其它肉制品的新型肉制品-牛肉糕。      

肉类加工

牛肉糕加工技术的开发与研究，利用微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶提高香肠制品的物性，香酥珍珠鸡软罐头生产工艺的研究。     

中式快餐供能营养素调查分析

目的：调查中式快餐配餐中供能营养素的状况，分析其合理性，找出中式快餐配餐中的问题。方法：记录某中式快餐公司一周配餐情况，采用称重法获得实验室数据，并用食谱计算和评价软件对数据进行分析，以供能营养素评价为主。结论：对11009份中式配餐进行了分析，发现配餐中存在供能不稳定的问题，价格高的配餐提供的能量高于DRIs值，且脂肪供能比例普遍高于DRIs值。     

哈尔滨市平房区 发挥职能作用 确保配餐安全

正校外配餐是哈尔滨市许多中小学解决午餐的一种重要途径,哈尔滨市平房区市场监督管理局辖区内有两家集体用餐配送企业,是主要为全市学校供餐的大型配送单位,市场占有率最高时,每天为全市三分之一以上需要配餐的学校提供配餐。     

悠然海洋风

日式煎鱼配泡菜 用料： 面粉2汤匙、鸡蛋1枚、面包屑4汤匙、鳕鱼鱼排2大片、紫色胡萝卜1根（切成条）、橙色胡萝卜1根（切成条）、黄瓜半根（切条）、米醋3汤匙、酱油1汤匙、日式辣椒粉（七味粉）1茶匙、橄榄油2汤匙、面包2片、蛋黄酱配餐用、紫苏叶配餐用     

关于生产黄酒原料中微量元素含量的研究

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法首次测定了生产黄酒用曲及原料中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、P、Se等10种人体必需的宏量元素及微量元素，不仅为新型黄酒的开发提供了基础数据，而且也为人们饮食中的配餐提供了科学依据。     

现代配餐在当代社会经济快速发展过程中的重要功能

一、现代经济发展对现代配餐的需求 1、随着中国经济环境的不断成熟,越来越多的外资注入中国市场,不少世界大型企业集团已来到中国,这势必带动中国整个配餐行业的高速发展.尤其是针对工业后勤的供餐要求将更加专业,因此市场需要专业配餐公司的介入从而提供快捷安全的餐饮服务.根据中国目前现有的产业工人人数计算,工业配餐至少有4000亿元市场.     

多管齐下 确保奥运配餐安全——访北京空港配餐有限公司总经理邓先山

凭借国际化、标准化的综合配餐实力,以及13年配餐无任何食品安全事故的良好记录,北京空港配餐有限公司顺利成为2008北京奥运会5家餐饮服务商之一。奥运及残奥会期间,配餐公司在首都机场和五个奥运竞赛场馆两线作战,成功为12000余架次航班提供88万余份航空餐食,为包括工人体育场、工人体育馆、沙滩排球场、北京工业大学体育馆、公路自行车赛场在内的5个奥运竞赛场馆提供百余万份安全、     

航空配餐楼空调设计

介绍了航空楼的配餐工艺流程、食品生产流程和温度控制要求,结合工程实例着重介绍了航空配餐楼空调系统、通风系统、自控系统设计。     

Consumer sensory evaluation of plain and seasoned goat meat and beef products

Plain meat loaves and chili were prepared with ground goat meat or beef containing 15% fat. A consumer sensory panel first rated meat loaf samples for acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale. Then, meat loaf samples, followed by chili samples, were each evaluated in triangle test for differentiation between goat meat and beef. Acceptability scores were similar for plain goat meat and beef loaves when the goat meat product was served before the beef product, but were lower for the goat meat with reverse serving order. In triangle tests, goat meat was differentiated from beef, whether plain or seasoned products.     

ACCEPTABILITY OF VARIOUS GROUND BEEF AND PORK PRODUCTS EXTENDED WITH MECHANICALLY SEPARATED BEEF

Six blends of ground beef and six blends of ground pork containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 75% mechanically separated beef (MSB) were prepared. Also five batches of fermented sausage and spiced luncheon loaf containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSB were formulated. Level of MSB was not related to juiciness rating or mealiness scores of cooked beef/MSB or pork/MSB patties. The level of MSB significantly affected overall eating satisfaction ratings for each blend of MSB patties. MSB at levels of 15% or more had a negative effect on flavor acceptability of cooked ground beef or pork. Fermented sausage products could be extended with only 5% MSB without creating defects in visual appearance or sensory properties. However, the inclusion of 20% MSB yielded a spiced luncheon loaf which was higher in eating quality than an all-beef control. The beef/MSB patties, fermented sausage, and spiced luncheon loaves containing 15% MSB were acceptable for visual appearance. Based on this study, MSB produced from a press type machine, can be blended up to 15% with ground beef, ground pork and sausage products without significantly decreasing raw appearance, sensory properties or storage life. Since MSB is a red meat product available at a similar low cost as textured vegetable protein, the red meat industry would benefit from expanded use of this high protein extender.     

传统中式牛肉干生产过程中蛋白质流失情况分析

以牛肉为原料,调查自然解冻、微波解冻、流水解冻方法对蛋白质流失的影响。针对中式传统牛肉干预煮工艺,采用正交试验设计探讨了不同解冻方式、预煮时间、肉块大小和水料比对预煮后牛肉粗蛋白含量的影响,并测定了预煮液中固形物和粗蛋白的含量。结果显示：牛肉粗蛋白含量为20.64%,在解冻和预煮环节蛋白质流失分别为1.42%、5.95%;牛肉在加工过程中蛋白质流失情况总体为1.53g/100g,流失蛋白质占总蛋白量的7.37%;采用微波解冻的方法,预煮60min 的蛋白质流失最少,可使预煮后牛肉蛋白质含量损失最小;牛肉预煮液中蛋白质的含量为1.03g/100ml,固形物含量为2.08g/100ml。     

番茄汁羊肉糕的研究开发

介绍针对西式肉糕的原辅料和加工过程进行改进后的一种番茄汁羊肉糕的制作工艺流程.对羊肉的搅拌、番茄汁的制作以及番茄汁羊肉糕的烤制等工艺进行研究,开发并制作出一种具有美观外形和独特风味的新型西式番茄汁羊肉糕.     

Sensory properties and lipid oxidation in aerobically refrigerated cooked ground goat meat

Plain meat loaf and chili (a seasoned product) prepared with vacuum-packaged/frozen-and-thawed ground goat meat were aerobically refrigerated for 0, 3, or 6 days. The 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content of the plain loaf increased ～3200 and ～4200% after 3 and 6 days, respectively, while peroxide value (PV) increased 250 and 430%. The corresponding increases for chili were much smaller (29 and 79% for TBARS and 90 and 47% for PV), most likely due to antioxidative effects of culinary non-meat ingredients used in chili preparation. Trained sensory panel evaluations of plain loaf samples showed that "cooked goat meat/brothy" aromatic (associated with freshly cooked goat meat) intensity decreased (P<0.05) 3% in plain loaf samples stored for 6 days, while "cardboard" aromatic (associated with oxidized cooked meat) intensity increased (P<0.05) 31%. "Cardboard" scores correlated (P<0.05) with both TBARS and PV, but the correlation was higher with TBARS.     

SENSORY QUALITY OF CHICKEN MEAT AS A FUNCTION OF ITS FATNESS: COMPARISON OF MEAT LOAF WITH MEAT COOKED IN WATER1

Broiler chicken carcasses were classified as being lean, medium or fat, according to the proportion by weight of abdominal fat. The sensory quality was evaluated of breast and dark meat cooked separately in water, and of meat loaf containing both breast and dark meat. When cooked in water, the differences in the degree of fatness were found to have essentially no effect on the sensory quality. When cooked as meat loaf, the product of medium fatness was found to have the highest sensory quality, followed by the fat meat product and finally by the lean meat product.     

EVALUATION OF A PROTEIN CONCENTRATE PRODUCED FROM GLANDLESS COTTONSEED FLOUR BY A WET-EXTRACTION PROCESS

Wet-extracted concentrate spray dried at two pH levels was evaluated for use in protein-fortified bread and as a component in meat loaf to reduce juice and fat cook-out during baking and to reduce meat requirement. Bread loaves containing air-classified glandless cone, 100% wheat flour and LCP glanded flour were significantly larger in volume than loaves from other blends, but there was no real difference among loaf volume of breads containing these three treatments. pH of spray drying had a marked effect on baking properties of the wet-process cone; pH 4.5 yielded a poor quality loaf while pH 6.8 loaf volume was equal to bread containing glandless cottonseed flours. Taste panel evaluations showed meat loaves containing 25% wet-extracted protein concentrate to be quite acceptable: milder or more bland than all-meat loaves and somewhat softer or smoother in texture.     

Cook/Chill Foodservice Systems with Conduction, Convection and Microwave Reheat Subsystems. Nutrient Retention in Beef Loaf, Potatoes and Peas

Percent thiamin in beef loaf and peas and percent ascorbic acid in potatoes were determined at all process stages in a simulated hospital cook/chill foodservice system. Retention of nutrients in experimental products after reheating by conduction, convection and microwave radiation was compared. Points in food product flow causing largest nutrient losses were: beef loaf, precooking; peas, reheating; and potatoes, 24-hr chilled storage. Statistical analyses indicated no significant difference in nutrient retention of experimental products due to method of reheating.     

Sensory based quality control utilising an electronic nose and GC-MS analyses to predict end-product quality from raw materials

The objective of the present study was to investigate if an electronic nose, comprising six metal oxide sensors (MOS) could predict the sensory quality of porcine meat loaf, based on measuring the volatiles in either the raw materials or the meat loaf produced from those raw materials. A multivariate data analysis strategy involving analysis of variance partial least squares regression (APLSR) and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine causal and predictive relationships between the raw material and meat loaf samples, sensory analysis, electronic nose, and GC-MS measurements. The results showed that the six MOS sensors in the Danish odour sensor system (DOSS) could detect the raw materials that led to unacceptable products, as determined by sensory profiling and in-house sensory quality control (QC), and separate those raw materials from each other, based on the volatile composition, as determined by GC-MS. However, the electronic nose was unable to detect all the sensory unacceptable meat loaf samples themselves due to changes in the volatile composition after cooking. Analysis of the GC-MS compounds identified from raw materials and meat loaf samples indicate that two MOS sensors mainly responded to alcohols and to a lesser degree to aldehydes and alkanes, whereas two other sensors most likely responded to low molecular weight sulphur compounds. Thus, the results indicate that measuring volatiles with the MOS sensors in the DOSS system, on raw materials for processed meat products, may be a feasible strategy in sensory based quality control, and may also have potential in predicting the sensory quality of the end product.     

低温调理中式鲜肉糜制品的研制

本文介绍并讨论了低温调理中式鲜肉糜制品如肉丸、肉糕等的制作工艺和配方,以肥瘦比2∶8～3∶7的鲜猪肉为原料,经肉糜腌制等工艺制得的低温调理中式肉糜制品味道鲜美,细嫩,有弹性,色香味、营养俱佳。