Die Berechnung der von Mobiltelefonen im menschlichen Kopf hervorgerufenen spezifischen Absorptionsraten

The evaluation of possibly adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body has gained appreciable research interest since the widespread use of mobile communication transceivers. This paper presents numerical results of the specific absorption rate in the human head at frequencies of 915 MHz and 1.9 GHz. We perform our calculations based on anatomically correct head and hand models derived from MRI scans with a spatial resolution of 2×2×2 mm³. In particular, we investigate whether metallic objects, like spectacle frames or tooth caps, may lead to an increase of the electromagnetic field inside the head. For the numerical calculation we use the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm. We show that the specific absorption rate stays within the limits defined by the Austrian safety standard ÖNORM S1120 for the maximum allowed transmitter power levels in the GSM-and DECT-system, respectively.     

瓦格纳:纽伦堡的名歌手

三幕歌剧《纽伦堡的名歌手》,是瓦格纳于1862、1867年创作的,1868年6月21 日在彪罗指挥下首演于慕尼黑宫廷国家剧院。普罗引进出版的这款影碟,不但让中国观众能欣赏全剧的表演,而且,配合该影碟所附的中文字幕、全本中译文资料等,对我们较深入地了解瓦格纳歌剧作品起到了很好的引导作用。     

Die Rolle der Wasserkraft im Rahmen der Liberalisierung

The conditions for hydropower as well as the approach towards this energy have been changed within the recent years. Some years ago the increasing environmental consciousness hindered further construction of hydropower plants, whereas now the changed economic conditions are the reason for the restricted position of hydropower at the free electricity market. The macroeconomical benefits have always been the main arguments for the use of hydropower. Therefore investments with long-term return of investments have been carried out. The liberalization of the electricity market and the competition caused by it makes it impossible from the economical point of view to undertake such long-term investments any more. Nevertheless hydropower has its specific advantages. It uses a clean and renewable energy source and preserves other ressources. Also the multi-purpose function of hydropower plants should be emphasized. To keep up the importance of hydropower it is essential that the undisputed advantages of hydropower will also be accepted and assessed in the future.     

Echtzeitaspekte beim Einsatz von Funktechnologien im Feldbusbereich

Using radio technology in the fieldbus area means an important improvement with regard to flexibility, transmission reliability, and costs. In automation technology, determinism and real-time-capability of the entire fieldbus system are of crucial importance. These requirements can also be met using the latest radio technology.     

Die Zukunft von Information und Kommunikation

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags von Vors.-Dir. Dipl.-Ing. Eduard Uhl anl?sslich einer Siemens-Kundentagung in Alphach.     

Die Zukunft der Höchstspannungsnetze im neuen Jahrtausend

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags, gehalten anl?sslich der gemeinsamen Fachtagung der Energietechnischen Gesellschaften des ?VE, SEV und VDE „Netze im 3. Jahrtausend — Technik und Wirtschaft” (gleichzeitig 38. Fachtagung der ?sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Energietechnik im ?VE), die vom 15. bis 17. November 2000 in Innsbruck stattfindet.     

Licht im Spannungsfeld von Lebensqualität und Energiekosten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Einführung von Informationsmanagement-Standards in Fertigungsunternehmen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Globale Diagnosesysteme zur Unterstützung im Lifemanagement von Kraftwerksanlagen

Monitoring and diagnosis systems are a new form of condition assessment of electrical systems. By means of extensive data processing and condition assessment it should be easier for the operating personnel to reach the objectives — increasing security, availability and economy of power plants. Monitoring and diagnosis systems are an important link between control systems as process control level and operating management systems as operating control level.     

Engpassmanagement im hoch ausgelasteten Übertragungsnetz von Verbund-Austrian Power Grid

Congestions resp. highly loaded utilities in transmission grids are due to unbalanced regions caused by surplus or deficit of electricity combined with insufficient transmission capacity. In the case of congestion, the transmission system operator has to apply counter measures in order to reduce the bottlenecks. This article describes different possibilities to reduce congestions and illustrates the mode of working on the basis of a simple network model. A distinction is made between congestion measures which are applied by changing the operation of grid devices and those applied by changing generators or loads (market based CM). The application of the described congestion management is shown on the basis of the highly loaded transmission grid of Verbund-Austrian Power Grid AG (APG). To eliminate the congestions in the grid of APG, new 380 kV lines are planned to be put into operation. If the commissioning of these lines is delayed, CM measures which would have to be implemented are described and the disadvantages for the Austrian electricity supply are shown.     

Lastknotenspezifische Erfassung von Versorgungsunterbrechungen und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im liberalisierten Markt

The liberalization process of the electricity market leads to an increased cost pressure on power system operators. This will also have negative effects on the quality of supply. However, a high quality of supply is requested also in liberalized markets. In this context, the detailed knowledge of e.g. supply reliability in the power system is an important basis for different technical and economic decisions. Correspondingly, the importance of an efficient statistic of incidents is growing. This paper describes the new requirements of an Austrian distribution system operator, and the appropriate extension and implementation of the outage statistic and the related software tools in the company. Especially, the registration of outages in medium voltage systems considering individual stations affected by supply interruptions and failure affected equipment is described. Of course, the MV outage registration increases the effort for the statistic, but the overview of and the insight into the power system performance improve significantly.     

Planung und Betriebsoptimierung von Verteilungsnetzen im liberalisierten Markt unter Nutzung neuer Technologien

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags, gehalten anl?sslich der gemeinsamen Fachtagung der Energietechnischen Gesellschaften des ?VE, SEV und VDE „Netze im 3. Jahrtausend — Technik und Wirtschaft” (gleichzeitig 38. Fachtagung der ?sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Energietechnik im ?VE), die vom 15. bis 17. November 2000 in Innsbruck stattfindet.     

Vorgehensmodell für die Entwicklung von Software und Hardware im Traktionsbereich

The article introduces a v-model that is used in the ELIN EBG Traction for the development of software and hardware. A v-model helps to develop a complex system in several defined phases. In the specification-phases the system is divided step by step into manageable components with reduced complexity. In the test-phases the system is tested with the test-plans generated in the specification-phases. All that makes the development, the maintenance and modifications much easier. Furthermore the documents to generate are determined in every phase. The reasons for the use of a v-model and the problems during implementation are illustrated.     

Die Befreiung der Daten — von geschlossenen Systemen zur unternehmensweiten Information

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags, gehalten anl?sslich der gemeinsamen Fachtagung der Energietechnischen Gesellschaften des ?VE, SEV und VDE „Netze im 3. Jahrtausend — Technik und Wirtschaft” (gleichzeitig 38. Fachtagung der ?sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Energietechnik im ?VE), die vom 15. bis 17. November 2000 in Innsbruck stattfindet.     

Die reinheit der chemikalien in hinsicht auf die produktion von halbleiterbauelementen. II

The concentration dependence of adsorption and deposition of cations from etching and non-etching solutions of germanium and silicon surfaces was investigated. Differences in the contamination of the surfaces were found to be several orders depending on adsorption or electrochemical deposition of cations. The electrochemical deposition of cations from aqueous solutions was found to be a process depending on diffusion. A decrease of the reverse voltage characteristics has been noticed in the region from 10¹⁴ to 10¹⁶ impurity atoms/cm².

Résumé

On a étudié la dépendance de la concentration de l'adsorption et de la désorption des cations de solutions corrosives et non-corrosives des surfaces de germanium et de silicium. On a trouvé que la différence dans la contamination des surfaces était de plusieurs ordres dépendant de l'adsorption ou la dissipation électro-chimique des cations. La dissipation électro-chimique des cations dans les solutions aqueuses se presentait en procédé dépendant de la diffusion. Une diminution des caractéristiques de tension inverse a été remarquée dans la région comprenant de 10¹⁴ a 10¹⁶ atomes/cm² d'impuretés.     

Ende oder Renaissance der Freileitung? Ein Vergleich von Stromübertragungsnetzen im übertragungsnetz

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Genehmigung von thermischen Kraftwerken und Starkstromfreileitungen nach dem Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungsgesetz 2000

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags der 42. Fachtagung der ?sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Energietechnik (OGE) im OVE, die am 21. und 22. Oktober 2004 in Graz stattfindet.