勇于探索 不断实践 开创水资源管理工作新局面

1978年召开的党的十一届三中全会开启了我国改革开放的历史新时期。30年来,在水利部党组的正确领导下,水资源管理工作适应国家改革开放的宏观形势,把握机遇,勇于探索,不断实践,改革与发展取得了重大突破。在改革开放30周年之际,回顾水资源管理工作发展的历程,总结工作成就和基本经验,对进一步推进水资源管理工作具有重要意义。     

A simulation model for planning water resource developments in the Chi River Basin

The main objective of the Chi Basin (Northeast Thailand) Water Use Study was to prepare a long-term integrated water resource and agricultural development plan. A basin simulation model was written to help evaluate alternative development scenarios of combinations of reservoirs and irrigation schemes. The paper describes the main features and components of the model. The types of input data required for running the model are summarised. An explanation of how the model was used for planning is then given.     

Implementation impediments to institutionalising the practice of sustainable urban water management.

It is now well accepted that there are significant challenges to realising the widespread and self-sustaining implementation of sustainable urban water management. It is argued that these challenges are entrenched within the broader socio-political framework, yet often unsuccessfully addressed within the more narrow scope of improving technical knowledge and design capacity. This hypothesis is investigated through a comparative analysis of three independent research projects investigating different dimensions of the water cycle, including stormwater management in Australia and sanitary waste management and implementation of innovative technologies in the U.K. The analysis reveals significant and common socio-political impediments to improved practice. It was evident that the administrative regime, including implementing professionals and institutions, appears to be largely driven by an implicit expectation that there is a technical solution to solve water management issues. This is in contrast to addressing the issues through broader strategies such as political leadership, institutional reform and social change. It is recognised that this technocratic culture is inadvertently underpinned by the need to demonstrate implementation success within short-term political cycles that conflict with both urban renewal and ecological cycles. Addressing this dilemma demands dedicated socio-technical research programs to enable the much needed shift towards a more sustainable regime.     

A decision support framework for sustainable urban water planning and management in new urban areas.

The paper discusses issues of decision support within the context of sustainable development and more specifically sustainable water cycle management to provide a context and a rationale for the decision support approach adopted within an on-going U.K. EPSRC-funded project, WaND. The paper proposes a set-up for a flexible, upgradeable, efficient and modular decision support framework and associated tools. Furthermore, the paper presents early prototypes of three decision support tools developed within the proposed framework including initial results for one of them.     

The occurrence of micopollutants in the aquatic environment: a new challenge for water management.

The occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment has become a crucial topic in the last two decades owing to the innovative development of analytical instrumentation such as LC tandem MS. Using these new techniques it became obvious that pesticides, pharmaceuticals, ingredients of personal care products, biocides, flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds are entering rivers and streams via treated wastewater. Also contamination of bank filtrates, groundwater and in a few cases even drinking water was identified. Wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove polar persistent organic pollutants occurring in the sub-mg/L range and hence many of these organic pollutants are passing WWTPs to a high extent. Waterworks with a potential pesticide contamination in their raw water are equipped with advanced techniques such ozonation, activated carbon or nanofiltration enabling the removal of a high variety of other organic compounds. However, waterworks without an expected pesticide contamination are frequently equipped with common treatment processes not enabling the removal of these kinds of organic pollutants. Therefore, comprehensive management activities for protection of aquatic environments and water resources must consider the removal of all micropollutants relevant to water quality and ecology, independent of their usage or origin.     

新型再生水企业管理模式的构建与实施

随着我国经济建设速度加快,资源和能源短缺、生态环境恶化等问题日益突出,建立资源高效和循环利用的新型经济增长模式,建设节约型社会和发展循环经济已经成为今后的工作重点.城市新辟水源再生水的开发利用是实现科学水循环、营造和谐水环境的关键环节,构建新型再生水企业管理模式,发展再生水事业是促进经济、社会可持续发展的重要组成部分.     

Emerging approaches to integrated urban water management: cluster scale application.

Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) seeks to extend Water Sensitive Urban Design to a total water cycle approach that includes reuse of wastewaters. This paper investigates the appropriateness of environmental technologies for application at a cluster scale in IUWM. Many environmental technologies are economically or physically unsuited to use on a municipal or unit scale. Cluster scale is a middle ground that will allow such environmental technologies to achieve full potential. The concept of cluster scale and the application of environmental technologies at this scale are discussed along with some examples of suitable technologies.     

Municipal sludge management and disposal in South Korea: status and a new sustainable approach.

Based on figures from 2002, 5216 ton/d of the municipal sludge is produced from 184 large municipal wastewater treatment plants in 111 cities with total treatment capacity of 19,229,745 m3/d. Even though the large amount of sludge disposal has depended greatly on ocean disposal and landfills until recently, the fraction of sludge reuse has gradually increased from 2.7% to 7%, since 1991. Due to a need of resources recovery from the sludge, high cost requirement of incineration and legislative regulation, recent new research is mainly focused on resources recovery and its reuse from the municipal sludge, such as high performance acid fermenter with pathogen reduction, crystallization (struvite and hydroxyapatite) using waste lime, cofermentation of municipal sludge with food waste, aerobic composting with P crystallization, vermistabilization, lime treatment, etc. Current research and practical activities with some efforts for the new technical development as well as environmental law and regulation are reviewed.     

全面实施新时期治水方略加快推进由传统水利向现代水利的新跨越——在全省水利局长会议上的讲话（节选）

在全省“两会”刚刚胜利闭幕之际,我们召开这次全省水利局长会议,主要任务是根据党中央、国务院、水利部和省委、省政府近期相继召开的一系列重要会议精神．总结过去一年的工作,安排部署新的一年的任务．推动山东水利在新起点上更好更快发展。这次会议不仅是一般意义上的年度工作会,也是决战2010年、全面完成病险水库除险加固任务的誓师会,还是建立最严格的水资源管理制度、促进节水型社会建设的动员会。下面,我代表厅党组,讲三个方面的意见。     

Climate change mitigation by recovery of energy from the water cycle: a new challenge for water management

Waternet is responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and surface water management and control (quality and quantity) in and around Amsterdam. Waternet has the ambition to operate climate neutral in 2020. To realise this ambition, measures are required to compensate for the emission of 53,000 ton CO(2)-eq/year. Energy recovery from the water cycle looks very promising. First, calculations reveal that energy recovery from the water cycle in and around Amsterdam may contribute to a total reduction in greenhouse gas emissions up to 148,000 ton CO(2)-eq/year. The challenge for the coming years is to choose combinations of all the possibilities to fulfil the energy demand as much as possible. Only then the use of fossil fuel can be minimized and inevitable greenhouse gas emissions can be compensated, supporting the target to operate climate neutral in 2020.     

Impact of agriculture activities on a coastal aquifer in Tunisia and options for a better water management

The quality of a coastal aquifer (Korba, Tunisia) in a semi-arid agricultural region was studied by the collection and analysis of groundwater samples for their main chemical and biological parameters in relation to the SEQ evaluation system for groundwater quality. Results indicate important anthropogenic deterioration. Most of the samples were unsuitable for drinking-water production; animal drinking and irrigation with these waters will require caution. The high contamination is mainly due to the local intensive agriculture. Based on the objectives-oriented project planning method, regulatory and socio-economic instruments were extensively developed to encourage sustainable agriculture through a participatory exercise.     

Assessment of sustainable water management for rapidly developing urban regions in Guangzhou City, China.

The Shawan River will be the focal point in the development of the Panyu District, the southern-most district of Guangzhou City in the Guangdong Province of South China. In this research, through the use of two scenarios, the future water quality of the Shawan River was predicted with relation to changes in the water quantity utilized to fuel industrial and domestic development. The worst-case scenario used, simulated the situation if no wastewater treatment was employed, and the best-case scenario simulated the situation if 90% of the pollution load was removed. The period of simulation was for the years 2020 and 2050. Three flowrates were used in the evaluation, those of: the 90% probability of the month of lowest flow (37.2 m3/s); and the range of flowrates within the low flow period, that is, the dry season from November to February (307 and 432 m3/s). Subsequently, two countermeasures (industrial and domestic water savings)--sustainable initiatives--were nested within the two scenarios to ascertain improvements in water quality as a direct result of reduction in water quantity used. The industrial water saving countermeasure showed the greatest improvement in water quality. For the 90% probability of lowest flow for the worst-case scenario, this countermeasure equated to a 63% decrease in BOD. For the low flow period flowrates the background concentration of pollutants was more influential than improvements imparted by the countermeasures to the future predicted water quality. It was recommended that industrial countermeasures be used that take into account water saving, water recycling, the use of brackish water for cooling, and the implementation of economic pricing initiatives. Also that inter-district governmental policy initiatives be introduced to prevent upstream pollution from influencing downstream proposals, further enhancing sustainable water management of the Shawan River.     

改革机制农民参与创建农村水务管理新模式

北京是个资源型缺水地区.落实市政府"实行最严格的水资源管理制度",从源头抓节水,建设节水型社会是经济社会发展的必然需求.农业、农村是用水大户,也是节水最具潜力的地区.长期以来,推动节水主要依靠政府的行政命令.农民用水,村集体管水,节水的主体不明确,节水多少与用水户没有直接利益关系,节水工程建设发展较快,但在节水管理上效果并不理想.近几年,通过建设节水示范村,改革用水机制,使农户成为节水主体,参与用水管理,创造出农村水务管理的多种模式.     

加快水利建设 强化水利管理 努力开创水利建设与管理工作新局面

今天我们在这里召开全国水利建设与管理工作会议,贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于加快水利改革发展的决定》,总结回顾＂十一五＂水利建设与管理工作,通报表扬先进集体和先进个人,研究分析当前建管工作形势,安排部署＂十二五＂和2011年任务,努力开创水利建设管理工作新局面,为加快水利改革发展提供支撑和保障。     

RIONET: a water quality management tool for river basins.

The water quality management tool RIONET for river basins has been developed with regard to the EU Water Framework Directive. The management tool can simulate the water quality in catchment basins not only in the dimension of a single river but in whole river networks. A submodel of the IWA River Water Quality Model No. 1 is used in RIONET. The river model is based on the assumption that self purification processes in the river takes place both in the benthic biofilm and the bulk water phase. Laboratory experiments with sediment cores underline the major role of the benthic biofilm. The input parameters of the management tool such as volumetric flow rates from waste water treatment plants and flow velocities and discharge in the main river and its tributaries can be loaded directly from geographic information systems (GIS). The subcatchment basin of the river Bode in Saxon Anhalt was used for test runs of RIONET.     

把握新形势 落实总基调 奋力开创水资源管理工作新局面

<正>一、充分肯定近年水资源管理工作成绩近年,全国各级水资源管理部门认真落实新时代水利工作方针和治水新思路,开拓进取,履职尽责,扎实工作,全面落实最严格水资源管理制度,大力推进水生态文明建设,积极推进水资源领域改革创新,各项工作取得了积极     

Development and application of a eutrophication water quality model for river networks

The Preissmann implicit scheme was used to discretize the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations, the river-junction-fiver method was applied to resolve the hydrodynamic and water quality model for river networks, and the key issues on the model were expatiated particularly in this article. This water quality module was designed to compute time dependent concentrations of a series of constituents, which are primarily governed by the processes of advection, dispersion and chemical reactions. Based on the theory of Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program （WASP） water quality model, emphasis was given to the simulation of the biogeochemical transformations that determine the fate of nutrients, in particular, the simulation of the aquatic cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. This model also includes procedures for the determination of growth and death of phytoplankton. This hydrodynamic and water quality model was applied to calculate two river networks. As illustrated by the numerical examples, the calculated water level and discharge agree with the measured data and the simulated trends and magnitudes of water quality constituents are generally in good agreement with field observations. It is concluded that the presented model is useful in the pollutant control and in the determination of pollutant-related problems for river networks.     

SMS模型在杭州湾潮流模拟中的应用

通过对实测资料(潮位、流速、潮量)的验证,确定本次数学模型的可靠性,它能为整个钱塘江河口综合规划方案的预测提供依据。