C.C.C.轧机的工艺及结构特点

介绍了唐钢高速线材厂从美国birdsboro公司的紧凑式粗轧机的主要工艺参数和工艺、结构特点，提出了堆钢事故解决办法，展望了C．C．C．轧机的发展前景。     

The role of structural ledges at phase boundaries—III. F.C.C.-B.C.C. interfaces in Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation

The ledge mode of misfit accommodation is extended to {111} f.c.c.∥{110} b.c.c. interfaces with the Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) orientation relationship. As with the Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW) relationship the geometric quantities are uniquely related by the misfit ratio r of atomic diameters. A rigid lattice analysis shows that the driving forces for a KS orientation relationship are significantly larger than those for the NW-x and even more so than those for the NW-y relationships. The rigid analysis also predicts that the terrace width which satisfies the periodicity conditions for a stepped interface are well within the terrace widths which allow significant energy gains. The models developed for the NW analysis are modified for KS configurations and employed to sum energies for the terrace patches, tilt misfit dislocations and the riser interface energy. Comparing this energy with that of a planar interphase boundary comprised of only misfit compensating dislocations shows that a stepped interphase boundary is energetically favored at r values near and greater than r_KS but less than r_NW-y.     

Kinetics of F.C.C. → B.C.C. heterogeneous martensitic nucleation—I. The critical driving force for athermal nucleation

Employing available experimental data for athermal f.c.c. → b.c.c. martensitic transformation in binary, ternary and multicomponent Fe-base alloys, a model is developed and tested for the critical driving force at the M_s temperature. Incorporating the theory of solid solution hardening, we describe the composition dependence of the athermal frictional work for martensitic interface motion governing the kinetics of barrierless heterogeneous nucleation. The available data suggests that the composition dependence of the athermal frictional work is of the same form as that for slip deformation. We have evaluated the athermal strengths of 14 alloying elements Al, C, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, Si, Ti, V and W from the experimental data. Except for Al, Ni and Co, the athermal strengths of the common substitutional alloying elements are similar in magnitude, while the interstitial solutes C and N exert a stronger influence. Previously proposed superposition laws are used to account for the presence of multiple solutes having different athermal strengths. With an improved assessment of the magnetic parameters of alloy systems, the model predicts M_s temperatures within ±40 K for M_s > 300 K where thermal contributions to the frictional work can be neglected.     

H.C.斯塔克集团概况

Ｈ．Ｃ．斯塔克集团为世界著名的难熔、硬质合金制品公司。本文对该公司的基本情况和发展现状作了简要介绍。     

Structure-energy correlation for grain boundaries in F.C.C. metals—III. Symmetrical tilt boundaries

The correlation between the structure and zero-temperature energy of symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) in f.c.c. metals is investigated using two embedded-atom-method potentials (for Cu and Au) and a Lennard-Jones potential fitted for Cu. Similar to free surfaces, misorientation phase space associated with these simple planar defects consists of only two degrees of freedom, namely those associated with the GB plane. The sampling of this two-dimensional phase space in terms of the stereographic triangle shows energy cusps as its corners and along its edges. These cusps are shown to arise from GB geometries with particularly small planar unit cells. Similar to free surfaces, a good correlation is found between the number of broken nearest-neighbor bonds per unit area and the GB energy. Also, as in our earlier study of twist boundaries, a practically linear relationship is found between the GB energy and volume expansion at the boundary. Finally, a comparison with twist boundaries shows that the STGBs represent the endpoints of the energy vs twist-angle curves. This enables a direct comparison of the properties of twist and tilt boundaries.     

A.C.L顶燃式热风炉生产实践

A.C.L顶燃式热风炉通过冷铁半年来的工业试验,初步证实炉顶环形燃烧器具有燃烧均匀,安全、可靠,点火容易;炉体结构对称,炉内气流分布均匀,送风能力强等特性。文章肯定了该顶燃炉是一种高效、长寿、经济、合理的高风温热风炉。     

P.C.悬臂撞击式钢坯打印机

攀钢初轧厂为了加强钢坯的管理,确保产品质量,消除工人繁重的体力劳动,初步研制成功了P.C.悬臂撞击式钢坯打印机.这种打印机的打印程序是:由人工操纵按钮,使打印锤下落到最低位置.当大剪过来的钢坯以1～2米/秒的速度撞击带有字码的、具有一定重量的锤头时,钢坯就打上了印.同时,通过自动提升控制机构接通风阀电磁线圈并推动风缸,快速抬起锤头到原始位置,这就完成了一个打印程序.如果需打A段就落A锤,需打B段则落B锤,要打C段就将两锤同时落下.这种打印机简化了操作程序,实现了钢坯运动中的打印.     

V.C.R采矿法及工艺设计

V.C.R法是垂直深孔球形药包爆破后退式采矿法的简称。该方法的主要特点是:整个采场高度用潜孔钻机,按合理的孔网,从采场顶部凿岩硐室向下部水平拉底空间钻凿垂直或倾斜深孔(一般孔径为φ150～φ165毫米,普遍采用φ165毫米),然后采用高密度、高威力、高爆速、低感度的炸药,以球形药包(药包长度为直径的6倍以内),自下而上进行单分层或多分层爆破,并采用高效率的出矿设备(如铲运机),将爆下的矿石通     

用N.M.C.法分离钴和镍

用2-乙基-1-己基磷酸单2-乙基-1-己基脂(M2EHPA)从硫酸镍溶液中分离钴的方法进行了研究。M2EHPA的分离系数比D2EHPA大很多倍(D2EHPA是熟知的一种阳离子交换萃取剂)。 使用3级混合澄清装置,将含20％(体积)M2EHPA的有机试剂与含30克/升镍和12克/升钴的原始水溶液接触后,能获得这样的结果:萃余相含29.9克/升镍和0.002克/升钴,萃取相含0.14克/升镍和12克/升钴。将萃取相与含有CoSO_4的洗涤液混合,能有效地从有机相中除掉镍;与稀硫酸溶液接触很容易从有机相中反萃取出钴。在工业性设备中,是使用钴电解工序的废电解液作为反萃取液。使用N.M.C.法,反萃取液中的钴浓度被控制在100克/升左右。 根据本研究的结果,建立了一种分离钴和镍的方法。日本矿业公司利用这种方法,目前已能有效地分别生产出1300吨/年和3300吨/年高纯的钴和镍。     

Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—I. Experiments and interpretation

The paper presents numerous measurements which confirm stages IV and V to be general ranges of cold work deformation. Analogous to stage II, stage IV exhibits a linear athermal hardening with constant strain rate sensitivity and activation enthalpy. In stage IV the dislocation cell size is constant, while the dislocation density growth rate is markedly reduced compared with stages II and III. Features of stage V are analogous to stage III, the increase of strain rate sensitivity (decrease of activation enthalpy) indicating the onset of thermally activated dislocation annihilation. In stage V, the mechanism is identified as dislocation climb from observing subgrain formation and saturation in density of deformation induced vacancies. Comparisons with recent investigations of stage IV and V at high temperatures suggest a common picture of low and high temperature deformation which only requires principles of storage and annihilation for both screw and edge dislocations.     

Nursing visibility: could the I.C.N.P. help?]

The present article discusses the visibility of Nursing care through the use of a Nursing classification "International Classification of Nursing Practice, proposed by the International Council of Nurses (ICN). The usefulness of a specific classification is discussed and comparison with the medical classifications are reasoned. Examples of experimentation are brought for sustaining the utility of the ICNP in the clinical practice, in education, in the Nursing management and in politics. To have a common language world-wide sustains the development of the discipline and the empowerment of Nursing profession.     

H.C.Starck公司销售额持续高速增长

H.C.Starck公司的销售额从2010年的6.893亿欧元,增长到了2011年的8.832亿欧元,同比增长了28%,营业利润也比上年有了显著的增长。H.C.Starck公司的管理委员会主席Andreas Meier说:"2011年是H.C.Starck公司取得重要成就的一年,我们超额完成了H.C.Starck公司制定的战略性的和阶段性实际     

C.W.帕里预见新型铝的发展

美国阿尔考公司主席和主要负责人C.W.帕里在弗吉尼亚大学铝合金国际会议上发言中说:“对铝完全能和其它材料接合这一发现,我认为还缺乏足够的依据。”铝工业在下一个世纪的技术发展将取决于工业界和学术界对基础材料和应用的研究。查理强调指出:铝工业界的工程技术专家和理论家需要进行交流。     

Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—II. Model fits and physical results

The paper presents a common concept for work hardening of f.c.c. metals at temperatures below 0.5 T_m up to very high strains. The concept considers statistical dislocation dynamics in terms of screw and edge dislocations and their specific interactions, and also allows for deformation-induced vacancies. By fitting the concept equations to experiment and using measured interaction parameters, very good agreement with strengthening data and dislocation densities of Cu and Al is achieved. The resulting fit parameters exhibit the expected order of magnitude and temperature dependence of dislocation storage and annihilation, for each dislocation type. The annihilation parameter of edge dislocations yields vacancy migration enthalpies of ≈0.2 eV for CU and Al indicating core migration of vacancies. From this the vacancy concentration is calculated for all strains and temperatures in question. Up to ≈0.3 T_m, the saturation concentration of vacancies decreases, but reincreases beyond this temperature following the thermal vacancy concentration.     

西德Hermann C.Starok公司H.A.H.N坐谈提要

一、钽粉的各种杂质对电容器漏电流寿命的影响二、氧的影响:氧含量不能太低,也不能太高,最好控制在1400—1700PPm 的范围中,因为在真空烧结过程中,外层的五氧化二钽熔化,而后与杂质碳发生反应,方程如下:5C+Ta_2O_5→2Ta+5Co↑这样就除去了部分杂质碳。     

A discrete lattice plane analysis of the interfacial energy of coherent F.C.C.: H.C.P. interfaces and its application to the nucleation of γ in AlAg alloys

The discrete lattice plane (DLP) model is used to calculate the chemical interfacial energy (γ) of coherent f.c.c.:h.c.p. interfaces of arbitrary orientation in AlAg alloys. The compositional diffuseness of the interface is neglected. The results of these calculations are used to develop polar γ-plots of an h.c.p. crystal within an f.c.c. matrix, obtained as a function of alloy composition. The Wulff construction on the γ-plot yield the equilibrium shapes taken to correspond to that of homogeneously formed h.c.p. γ′ critical nuclei in an f.c.c. α AlAg matrix. These shapes are then used to calculate the steady state homogeneous nucleation rate of γ′ as a function of alloy composition and reaction temperature. Although these calculations indicated that homogeneous nucleation of coherent γ′ should be feasible in the temperature region between the GP zone solvus and the metastable equilibrium (α/(α+γ′)) solvus, a concurrent TEM investigation showed that the only γ′ present was nucleated on dislocations. While competition with such heterogeneous nucleation may have inhibited homogeneous nucleation, it is probable that the nearest neighbor version of the discrete lattice plane model used significantly underestimated the energy of coherent α:γ′ boundaries in AlAg alloys.     

V.C.R.采矿法采场出矿技术的发展

本文从提高采场出矿效率,降低采场出矿费用的对比分析,论述了V.C.R.采矿法由内燃铲运机出矿向电动铲运机出矿发展;从对比出矿的安全性和回采率的提高,论述了人工驾驶铲运机出矿向遥控铲运机发展;从对比分析出矿能力论述了装-运-卸间歇式作业的铲运机出矿向高效率出矿方式-连续出矿系统的发展。并就连续出矿系统中的振动式连续载机、组合式颚式破碎机、伸缩式输送机和胶带弯曲机作了简要介绍。     

V.C.R采矿法大直径深孔凿岩

本文简要论述了大直径深孔潜孔凿岩外,为严格控制深孔偏斜率不超过1％,从高风压潜孔凿岩,深孔防偏措施,特别是深孔凿岩自动化等方面,就防止深孔偏斜作了详细论述。