冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉中主要营养物质的分析

以未榨油的红色酿酒葡萄品种8804葡萄籽超微粉(对照组)为对照,对其冷榨饼粕超微粉(试验组)的主要营养成分进行了检测和对比分析。结果表明,试验组的蛋白质、粗纤维及氨基酸的质量分数分别为11.11%、37.1%和5.52%,均高于对照组的10.16%、31.4%和5.01%;同时,粗脂肪和VE在试验组中也有相当高的含量,质量分数分别为11.03%、12.19mg/kg;此外,天然抗氧化剂多酚在试验组中的含量也相当丰富,为质量分数8.29%,且原花青素质量分数为2.58%。因此,冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉营养物质丰富,具备很高的开发利用价值。     

冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉体内抗氧化功能的研究

目的:探究酿酒副产物葡萄籽冷榨提油后饼粕超微粉的体内抗氧化功能。方法:60只小鼠随机被分为冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉(Cold-pressed Grape Seeds Superfine Powder,CP-GSSP)低、中、高剂量组(323,646,1 938mg/(kg·d))、VE组(25 mg/(kg·d))、模型组和空白组。除空白组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水外,其他各组腹腔注射D-半乳糖构建亚急性衰老模型,同时剂量组灌胃给予冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉、VE组给予油溶性VE,模型组和空白组均给予同体积食用油。持续45 d后,测定血清和脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力。结果:形态水平:冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉可以抵抗由D-半乳糖所致的衰老表征的出现并且对脑组织无不良影响。生化水平:冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉可以显著降低小鼠血清和脑组织中脂质过氧化物MDA的含量,提高抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-Px的活力。结论:冷榨葡萄籽饼粕超微粉具有显著抑制衰老小鼠体内脂质过氧化的作用,并能明显提高内源性抗氧化酶活性,表明其具有较好的抗衰老作用。     

葡萄籽超微粉中多酚成分的检测

对葡萄籽超微粉中的多酚成分进行了分析和测定。儿茶素是葡萄籽多酚中单体的主要成分,又是构成原花青素的主要单体,福林肖卡法测定多酚时采用儿茶素作为对照物来表征葡萄籽多酚含量更准确。经过改进的HPLC方法对没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素三种单体的分离效果较好,具有很好的准确度和精密度,适合于葡萄籽超微粉中的单体检测。经测定,葡萄籽超微粉中,多酚含量10.9%(以儿茶素计),三种单体的总量为1.2%,以总多酚含量减去三种单体总量代表原花青素含量来计算,原花青素含量为9.7%。     

提取工艺对山茶油活性成分及抑菌效果的影响

研究了冷榨、热榨、浸出、超临界CO_2萃取、水酶法5种加工工艺制取的山茶油中VE、多酚、山茶皂苷、植物甾醇、黄酮5种活性成分含量,以及其抑菌效果。结果表明,冷榨工艺制取的山茶油中VE、山茶皂苷含量最高,分别达到了786.3,3 789.0mg/kg;热榨油植物甾醇含量最高,达到了3 962.0mg/kg;超临界CO_2萃取油多酚含量最高,达到了21.32 mg/kg;浸出油黄酮含量最高,达到了38.9mg/kg;冷榨油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌4种常见菌抑制率分别到达了95.9%,92.2%,95.2%,94.6%,具有较强的抑制作用。综合抑菌活性成分含量和抑菌效果考虑,5种工艺中冷榨工艺制取的山茶油最佳,热榨工艺制取的次之。     

食叶草营养成分分析及对SD大鼠尿酸的影响

以河北产食叶草为研究对象,系统分析食叶草中矿物质、多糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、氨基酸、多酚和黄酮的含量,及对高尿酸SD大鼠尿酸水平干预的效果。结果显示,食叶草干物质中蛋白质（32.5%）、多糖（11.00 mg/g）、多酚（5.11 mg/g）、黄酮（18.30 mg/g）、钾、钙、镁等营养物质含量丰富,氨基酸含量丰富且模式优良。食叶草高蛋白属性并未加重高尿酸模型大鼠尿酸水平。     

葡萄籽提取物主要质量指标研究

目的 为了确定保健食品原料葡萄籽提取物主要质量指标的参数,本实验搜集30批次葡萄籽提取物并测定了其主要质量指标。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定了葡萄籽提取物的原花青素值、多酚含量,采用液相色谱法测定了儿茶素、表儿茶素含量,参照食品安全国家标准,测定了灰分、水分、微生物指标(菌落总数、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、酵母菌、霉菌)、重金属和溶剂残留等主要质量指标。结果 所有葡萄籽提取物样品中原花青素值范围在81.1%至108.2%之间;儿茶素及表儿茶素含量范围为1.12%至8.58%;多酚含量在70.1%至106.1%之间;灰分含量范围在0.2%至1.8%;水分含量范围在3.76%至5.23%。变异系数由大到小的顺序为：儿茶素、表儿茶素＞灰分＞多酚＞水分＞原花青素值。所有样品菌落总数均小于10 CFU/g,大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌均未检出,酵母菌、霉菌总数均小于10 CFU/g,甲醇、乙醇残留均小于2 mg/kg,重金属(以pb计)小于0.05 mg/kg。结论 与我国目前唯一相关标准对比,所有质量指标中,仅原花青素值的限量需要进一步调整。     

德江天麻营养成分分析与评价

分析德江天麻的营养成分,测定德江粗蛋白、粗脂肪、维生素C、粗纤维、氨基酸、矿物质等营养成分,并对其进行分析与评价。结果表明:德江天麻粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量较高,粗纤维其次,维生素C的含量最低;氨基酸总量达10.034 g/100 g,必需氨基酸(Essential amino acids,EAA)/氨基酸总量(Total amino acids,TAA)为41.71%,必需氨基酸(Essential amino acids,EAA)/非必需氨基酸(Non-essential amino acids,NEAA)为71.17%,必需氨基酸种类齐全比例均衡,第一限制氨基酸为Lys,矿物质元素含量丰富,常量元素以K含量最高,微量元素中以Mn的含量最高,分别为41 234.43 mg/kg和20.5 mg/kg。德江天麻是一种粗蛋白含量高,维生素C含量低,必需氨基酸种类齐全,矿物质元素丰富,营养价值较高的植物,具有很好的开发应用前景。     

野生芭蕉花与假茎的营养成分分析

为了确定野生芭蕉花和假茎中营养成分的分布情况,以广西百色产野生芭蕉为试验样品,比较分析了其花和假茎中的常规营养成分及黄酮、多酚与皂苷等活性物质含量。结果表明,假茎中水分、灰分、总糖、还原糖、粗纤维和淀粉含量最高,依次为94.30%,3.36%,388.21 mg/g,113.95 mg/g,3.00 g/100 g和6.85 g/100 g;花序中蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高,分别为20.90和6.72 g/100 g;总酸以花苞中含量最高,为0.18 g/kg;芭蕉3个食用部位中,氨基酸含量花序最高,花苞和假茎次之,分别为10.06,6.94和6.79 g/100 g;共检测到17种氨基酸,且甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量较高;矿质元素丰富,为典型的高K低Na型;活性物质多酚和黄酮在花序中最高,分别为43.66和23.71mg/g;皂苷花苞中最高,为67.22 mg/g。可见,野生芭蕉花和假茎的综合营养价值较高,作为新型食品资源,在功能性食品开发中具有广阔的应用前景。     

植物中原花青素含量的分析测定

通过对多种植物的花、叶、皮、壳、籽、核等部位的原花青素含量进行分析测定。结果表明:原花青素广泛分布于植物体的不同部位中,原花青素除葡萄籽含量较高以外,在某些植物的叶和花中含量也较丰富,葡萄籽中原花青素以新鲜葡萄籽含量最高,经过酿酒和放置时间的延长原花青素含量降低。     

不同种类葡萄籽综合营养成分分析

葡萄籽含有丰富的营养元素,在食品、医药和工业等领域具有重要的应用前景,对不同品种的葡萄籽营养成分的全面分析有利于葡萄籽的精准加工和资源的合理利用。本文系统的研究了玫瑰香、赤霞珠和巨峰三种葡萄籽所含营养成分差异,结果表明三种葡萄籽所含脂肪和蛋白质含量几乎无差异,而在其它方面差异显著;玫瑰香葡萄籽富含脯氨酸、铁元素和膳食纤维;赤霞珠葡萄籽中谷氨酸、镁元素、多糖、多酚和原花青素含量最高;而巨峰葡萄籽所含必需氨基酸比例、矿物质元素和膳食纤维含量最多。通过上述三种葡萄籽的营养成分比较分析可得出每种葡萄籽在其营养方面具有的优势,可为今后葡萄籽的精准加工提供方向,从而高效的提高葡萄籽资源价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the